Evidence for a distributed hierarchy of action
... prehension remains an important experimental paradigm for demonstrating how behavior is shaped in anticipation of future motor outcomes. During a reach and grasp, the arm, hand and digits move toward the desired object in a highly structured behavioral pattern, with kinematic features reflecting the ...
... prehension remains an important experimental paradigm for demonstrating how behavior is shaped in anticipation of future motor outcomes. During a reach and grasp, the arm, hand and digits move toward the desired object in a highly structured behavioral pattern, with kinematic features reflecting the ...
Somatosensory System Organization and Texture Sensation in Rats
... How do impulses from skin receptors eventually lead to the sensation (i.e., the registration of the elemental properties) and perception (i.e., recognition of the identity and meaning of the sensation) of the things that we contact? As a first example, we use the sensory pathways originating in the ...
... How do impulses from skin receptors eventually lead to the sensation (i.e., the registration of the elemental properties) and perception (i.e., recognition of the identity and meaning of the sensation) of the things that we contact? As a first example, we use the sensory pathways originating in the ...
Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey
... movement fields, we fit a bivariate Gaussian model to the baseline-subtracted average firing rate ...
... movement fields, we fit a bivariate Gaussian model to the baseline-subtracted average firing rate ...
Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
The neurophysiological correlates of motor tics following focal
... used focal micro-injections of the GABA-A antagonist bicuculline to the sensorimotor putamen of behaving primates to induce stereotyped tics similar to those observed in human disorders. This focal disruption of GABA transmission in the putamen led to motor tics confined to a single or a few muscles ...
... used focal micro-injections of the GABA-A antagonist bicuculline to the sensorimotor putamen of behaving primates to induce stereotyped tics similar to those observed in human disorders. This focal disruption of GABA transmission in the putamen led to motor tics confined to a single or a few muscles ...
Corticofugal Modulation of Initial Sound
... onto glass slides and stained using the Nissl method. The electrolytic neurons were measured, two experimental protocols were applied to lesion was examined under a light microscope. An example is shown evaluate the influence of the cortex on the activities of CN neurons. in Figure 1, B and C. One e ...
... onto glass slides and stained using the Nissl method. The electrolytic neurons were measured, two experimental protocols were applied to lesion was examined under a light microscope. An example is shown evaluate the influence of the cortex on the activities of CN neurons. in Figure 1, B and C. One e ...
PDF
... The mammalian cortex is a multilaminar structure consisting of specialized layer-specific neurons that form complex circuits throughout the brain and spinal cord. These neurons are generated in a defined sequence dictated by their birthdate such that early-born neurons settle in deep cortical layers ...
... The mammalian cortex is a multilaminar structure consisting of specialized layer-specific neurons that form complex circuits throughout the brain and spinal cord. These neurons are generated in a defined sequence dictated by their birthdate such that early-born neurons settle in deep cortical layers ...
the distribution of the cells of origin of callosal projections in cat
... cortex (Palmer et al., 1978) and of areas 20 and 21 (Heath and Jones, 1971; Tusa and Palmer, 1980). This is unfortunate since, in behavioral experiments, Berlucchi et al. (1979) showed that the callosal connections of the cat’s suprasylvian cortex (including the lateral suprasylvian visual areas and ...
... cortex (Palmer et al., 1978) and of areas 20 and 21 (Heath and Jones, 1971; Tusa and Palmer, 1980). This is unfortunate since, in behavioral experiments, Berlucchi et al. (1979) showed that the callosal connections of the cat’s suprasylvian cortex (including the lateral suprasylvian visual areas and ...
Telencephalon
... loss of excitation of the GPe by putamen resulting in a decreased inhibitory output from GPe to ...
... loss of excitation of the GPe by putamen resulting in a decreased inhibitory output from GPe to ...
Anatomofunctional organization of the ventral primary motor and
... We first tested hand grasping in the proximity of the monkey’s body, with the arm corresponding to the tested hand restrained, in order to distinguish hand-related motor activity from possible responses due to arm movements; this test was also carried out by closing the monkey’s eyes. We further che ...
... We first tested hand grasping in the proximity of the monkey’s body, with the arm corresponding to the tested hand restrained, in order to distinguish hand-related motor activity from possible responses due to arm movements; this test was also carried out by closing the monkey’s eyes. We further che ...
Pathways for emotions and memory
... memory suggests extended connections with several other cortices and subcortical structures, including the amygdala and the hippocampus. Here, we sought to determine the sources of the entire complement of prefrontal as well as other cortical and hypothalamic projections to the anterior nuclei. We u ...
... memory suggests extended connections with several other cortices and subcortical structures, including the amygdala and the hippocampus. Here, we sought to determine the sources of the entire complement of prefrontal as well as other cortical and hypothalamic projections to the anterior nuclei. We u ...
Neuronal Migration and Ventral Subtype Identity in the
... patterning and specification, but as they are not expressed in postmitotic cells it remained unknown to what extent they are involved in the emergence of neuronal subtypes in the ventral telencephalon, and whether different transcription factors with neuron-specific expression are required. The SOX pr ...
... patterning and specification, but as they are not expressed in postmitotic cells it remained unknown to what extent they are involved in the emergence of neuronal subtypes in the ventral telencephalon, and whether different transcription factors with neuron-specific expression are required. The SOX pr ...
the organization of the arthropod central nervous system
... same side and posterior to the cut, while the anterior portion responds to all other fields, including heterolateral posterior fields. Histological features which could explain this type of difference were described long ago for crabs by Bethe (1897). The great majority of interneurons with known in ...
... same side and posterior to the cut, while the anterior portion responds to all other fields, including heterolateral posterior fields. Histological features which could explain this type of difference were described long ago for crabs by Bethe (1897). The great majority of interneurons with known in ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... et al., 2011). Recently, it has become evident that L5 PT and IT neurons within rodent PFC possess distinct intrinsic properties, local connectivity, and long-range inputs. Although most of these differences have been characterized in rodents, different categories of PFC pyramidal neurons are also p ...
... et al., 2011). Recently, it has become evident that L5 PT and IT neurons within rodent PFC possess distinct intrinsic properties, local connectivity, and long-range inputs. Although most of these differences have been characterized in rodents, different categories of PFC pyramidal neurons are also p ...
Preparation for action: one of the key functions of motor cortex.
... order to compare preparatory neuronal activity in various conditions of prior information, the precueing paradigm used in human subjects6-8 was adapted to monkeys10-12. Using this paradigm, it was not only possible to identify selective processing operations, but also to make inferences about potent ...
... order to compare preparatory neuronal activity in various conditions of prior information, the precueing paradigm used in human subjects6-8 was adapted to monkeys10-12. Using this paradigm, it was not only possible to identify selective processing operations, but also to make inferences about potent ...
Amelioration of Delayed Neuronal Death in the Hippocampus by
... level by 1 week. By the Golgi staining technique, changes first began in the dendrites of affected neurons as early as 3 hr. Such changes could be ameliorated by NGF treatment. Although previous knowledge of NGF is limited to the survival of cholinergic neurons in the CNS, it is assumed that other m ...
... level by 1 week. By the Golgi staining technique, changes first began in the dendrites of affected neurons as early as 3 hr. Such changes could be ameliorated by NGF treatment. Although previous knowledge of NGF is limited to the survival of cholinergic neurons in the CNS, it is assumed that other m ...
How Does the Brain Produce Movement?
... forms the motor cortex that the cup is now being held. Other regions of the brain also participate in controlling the movement, such as the basal ganglia, which help to produce the appropriate amount of force, and the cerebellum, which helps to regulate timing and corrects any errors in movement. Al ...
... forms the motor cortex that the cup is now being held. Other regions of the brain also participate in controlling the movement, such as the basal ganglia, which help to produce the appropriate amount of force, and the cerebellum, which helps to regulate timing and corrects any errors in movement. Al ...
Representation of Umami Taste in the Human Brain
... the experiment were ⫺0.75 ⫾ 0.38 for IMP (mean ⫾ SE), 0.46 ⫾ 0.36 for MSG, 0.92 ⫾ 0.35 for MSG⫹IMP (MSGIMP), and 1.5 ⫾ 0.50 for glucose. Statistically it was shown that the intensity of the taste of umami produced by the mixture of MSG and IMP was greater than that produced by the MSG alone (even if ...
... the experiment were ⫺0.75 ⫾ 0.38 for IMP (mean ⫾ SE), 0.46 ⫾ 0.36 for MSG, 0.92 ⫾ 0.35 for MSG⫹IMP (MSGIMP), and 1.5 ⫾ 0.50 for glucose. Statistically it was shown that the intensity of the taste of umami produced by the mixture of MSG and IMP was greater than that produced by the MSG alone (even if ...
Visual and oculomotor selection: links, causes and
... and suppression effects depended on the presence of additional ‘distracter’ stimuli outside the V4 neuron receptive field, as has been observed during attention. These findings suggest that the gain of visual responses in extrastriate cortex is directly modulated by the same activity that elicits a ...
... and suppression effects depended on the presence of additional ‘distracter’ stimuli outside the V4 neuron receptive field, as has been observed during attention. These findings suggest that the gain of visual responses in extrastriate cortex is directly modulated by the same activity that elicits a ...
Voluntary Nicotine Consumption Triggers Potentiation of Cortical Excitatory Drives to Midbrain
... Pumps were filled either with saline (pumpSAL, n ⫽ 17) or nicotine tartrate solution (pump-NIC, n ⫽ 7). The concentration of nicotine tartrate salt solution was adjusted according to animal weight, resulting in 9 mg/kg/d (3.16 mg/kg/d, free base) for 6 d. ElectrophysFigure 1. Voluntary nicotine cons ...
... Pumps were filled either with saline (pumpSAL, n ⫽ 17) or nicotine tartrate solution (pump-NIC, n ⫽ 7). The concentration of nicotine tartrate salt solution was adjusted according to animal weight, resulting in 9 mg/kg/d (3.16 mg/kg/d, free base) for 6 d. ElectrophysFigure 1. Voluntary nicotine cons ...
(2003). Prefrontal and medial temporal lobe interactions in
... effects of hippocampal or fornix lesions on recognition15,22,23 whereas other researchers have reported deficits13,24. The importance of the perirhinal cortex for familiarity-based memory is less controversial. Electrophysiological studies have found perirhinal neurons that show diminished responses ...
... effects of hippocampal or fornix lesions on recognition15,22,23 whereas other researchers have reported deficits13,24. The importance of the perirhinal cortex for familiarity-based memory is less controversial. Electrophysiological studies have found perirhinal neurons that show diminished responses ...
PREFRONTAL AND MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE INTERACTIONS IN
... effects of hippocampal or fornix lesions on recognition15,22,23 whereas other researchers have reported deficits13,24. The importance of the perirhinal cortex for familiarity-based memory is less controversial. Electrophysiological studies have found perirhinal neurons that show diminished responses ...
... effects of hippocampal or fornix lesions on recognition15,22,23 whereas other researchers have reported deficits13,24. The importance of the perirhinal cortex for familiarity-based memory is less controversial. Electrophysiological studies have found perirhinal neurons that show diminished responses ...
Full Text
... Rapgef2-cKO mice by generating Rapgef2/6-dKO mice. At postnatal day 90 (P90), Rapgef2/6-dKO mice, compared with Rapgef2-cKO mice, showed more severe brain malformations, which are characterized by an enlarged ECM beneath a very thin neocortex and generalized atrophy of the hippocampus (Fig. 1A). Als ...
... Rapgef2-cKO mice by generating Rapgef2/6-dKO mice. At postnatal day 90 (P90), Rapgef2/6-dKO mice, compared with Rapgef2-cKO mice, showed more severe brain malformations, which are characterized by an enlarged ECM beneath a very thin neocortex and generalized atrophy of the hippocampus (Fig. 1A). Als ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation by
... increase in the synchrony of the entrained neurons. This relation of LFP and neuronal firing can be explained by the fact that LFPs are produced by postsynaptic potentials, and periodicity in neuronal firing would be associated with periodicity in LFPs. They also documented the spatial extent of neu ...
... increase in the synchrony of the entrained neurons. This relation of LFP and neuronal firing can be explained by the fact that LFPs are produced by postsynaptic potentials, and periodicity in neuronal firing would be associated with periodicity in LFPs. They also documented the spatial extent of neu ...
BRAIN Response inhibition and serotonin in autism: depletion
... (Chambers et al., 2009). Functional MRI studies of healthy adults have investigated brain activation during inhibitory control (using a Go/No-Go task) and have reported that the right frontal gyrus, left thalamus, and right cerebellum are associated with the inhibitory No-Go response (Liddle et al., ...
... (Chambers et al., 2009). Functional MRI studies of healthy adults have investigated brain activation during inhibitory control (using a Go/No-Go task) and have reported that the right frontal gyrus, left thalamus, and right cerebellum are associated with the inhibitory No-Go response (Liddle et al., ...