BRAINSTEM
... Transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue via the chorda tympani nerve. Receives information from taste buds located in the fungiform and foliate papillae. Sensory and autonomic root of the facial nerve. Chorda tympani actually arises from this segment of VII. Cell bodies lie in the geniculate ...
... Transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue via the chorda tympani nerve. Receives information from taste buds located in the fungiform and foliate papillae. Sensory and autonomic root of the facial nerve. Chorda tympani actually arises from this segment of VII. Cell bodies lie in the geniculate ...
Document
... transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Immediately, TMS became an important tool in clinical neurophysiology. Attempts were made, with some success, to use single pulse TMS in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. However, the great surge in TMS studies of the treatment of psychiatric disorders ...
... transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Immediately, TMS became an important tool in clinical neurophysiology. Attempts were made, with some success, to use single pulse TMS in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. However, the great surge in TMS studies of the treatment of psychiatric disorders ...
Role of Feedforward and Feedback Projections in Figure
... (Lamme et al., 1999; Marcus & Van Essen, 2002; Huang & Paradiso, 2008). These findings can be interpreted as a filling-in process or, alternatively, as two independent processes of border detection and a grouping operation where surface responses simply lag behind the responses to the border. The fi ...
... (Lamme et al., 1999; Marcus & Van Essen, 2002; Huang & Paradiso, 2008). These findings can be interpreted as a filling-in process or, alternatively, as two independent processes of border detection and a grouping operation where surface responses simply lag behind the responses to the border. The fi ...
Smell, Taste, Texture, and Temperature
... odor depends on the taste with which it is associated, and does not depend primarily on the physicochemical structure of the odor. These findings demonstrate directly a coding principle in primate olfaction whereby the responses of some orbitofrontal cortex olfactory neurons are modified by and depend ...
... odor depends on the taste with which it is associated, and does not depend primarily on the physicochemical structure of the odor. These findings demonstrate directly a coding principle in primate olfaction whereby the responses of some orbitofrontal cortex olfactory neurons are modified by and depend ...
Evidence of Basal Temporo-occipital Cortex
... activation to ‘front’ compared to ‘back’ objects. This discrepancy may be due to the spatial resolution of the subdural technique. Our electrodes had 1 mm diameter exposure separated by 10 mm and therefore they had a restricted area or recording which may have included only fusiform regions with mor ...
... activation to ‘front’ compared to ‘back’ objects. This discrepancy may be due to the spatial resolution of the subdural technique. Our electrodes had 1 mm diameter exposure separated by 10 mm and therefore they had a restricted area or recording which may have included only fusiform regions with mor ...
Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults
... vs. semantic retrieval) but also for stimuli-related hemispheric asymmetries (e.g., verbal vs. spatial working memory). ...
... vs. semantic retrieval) but also for stimuli-related hemispheric asymmetries (e.g., verbal vs. spatial working memory). ...
Astrocytes - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... blood vessels, also participate in [KⳭ]o regulation, but glial mechanisms are probably most important. Two general mechanisms of astrocyte KⳭ removal have been proposed (39): 1) net KⳭ uptake into astrocytes (by transport mechanisms and/or Donnan forces) and 2) KⳭ redistribution through astrocytes, ...
... blood vessels, also participate in [KⳭ]o regulation, but glial mechanisms are probably most important. Two general mechanisms of astrocyte KⳭ removal have been proposed (39): 1) net KⳭ uptake into astrocytes (by transport mechanisms and/or Donnan forces) and 2) KⳭ redistribution through astrocytes, ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... suggests a circuit scenario according to which endogenous DSI is beneficial for, whereas an exogenous drug such as marijuana is detrimental to, working memory and possibly other prefrontal functions. Keywords: continuous attractor network, endocannabinoid, oculomotor delayed-response task, prefronta ...
... suggests a circuit scenario according to which endogenous DSI is beneficial for, whereas an exogenous drug such as marijuana is detrimental to, working memory and possibly other prefrontal functions. Keywords: continuous attractor network, endocannabinoid, oculomotor delayed-response task, prefronta ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, including rat, cat, and macaque monkey [4–7]. In human cortex, the ...
... forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, including rat, cat, and macaque monkey [4–7]. In human cortex, the ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, including rat, cat, and macaque monkey [4–7]. In human cortex, the ...
... forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, including rat, cat, and macaque monkey [4–7]. In human cortex, the ...
Solving the Distal Reward Problem through
... In the simulations below, we take sd = 0.2 s, which is greater than the experimentally measured time constant of DA uptake in striatum (around 0.1 s, Wightman and Zimmerman 1990; Garris et al. 1994) but smaller than that in the prefrontal cortex (seconds, see Cass and Gerhardt 1995). We take tonic s ...
... In the simulations below, we take sd = 0.2 s, which is greater than the experimentally measured time constant of DA uptake in striatum (around 0.1 s, Wightman and Zimmerman 1990; Garris et al. 1994) but smaller than that in the prefrontal cortex (seconds, see Cass and Gerhardt 1995). We take tonic s ...
Neurodevelopmental mechanisms of schizophrenia: understanding
... processes that might go wrong in SZ. SZ is primarily an adult psychiatric disorder in which disturbances generated by susceptibility genes and environmental insults (risks/ insults) during early development (indicated by three pink stars on the left-hand side) disturb postnatal brain maturation. The ...
... processes that might go wrong in SZ. SZ is primarily an adult psychiatric disorder in which disturbances generated by susceptibility genes and environmental insults (risks/ insults) during early development (indicated by three pink stars on the left-hand side) disturb postnatal brain maturation. The ...
Role of the basal ganglia in conditional associative learning
... The arbitrary mapping of sensory information onto action forms an important element of the intelligent behavior of primates (also called conditional associative learning). The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops are thought to play a key role in such behavior. The present research was under ...
... The arbitrary mapping of sensory information onto action forms an important element of the intelligent behavior of primates (also called conditional associative learning). The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops are thought to play a key role in such behavior. The present research was under ...
Implantable microcoils for intracortical magnetic
... dashed line in each plot of gradients represents the previously reported threshold level of 11,000 V/m2). The portions of the trace in which the gradient exceeds the threshold provide an estimate of the approximate extent over which activation would occur. Because activation will be limited to only ...
... dashed line in each plot of gradients represents the previously reported threshold level of 11,000 V/m2). The portions of the trace in which the gradient exceeds the threshold provide an estimate of the approximate extent over which activation would occur. Because activation will be limited to only ...
String Art: Axon Tracts in the Spinal Cord Spinal reflex arcs
... Upper (open) medulla Cerebellum ...
... Upper (open) medulla Cerebellum ...
Experimental Models of Parkinson`s Disease: Insights from Many
... dopamine and norepinephrine, leading to specific damage via oxidative stress to these neurons (14). To be neurotoxic to the brain, 6-OHDA must be administered by intracerebral or intraventricular injections because it is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. The compound can be neurotoxic to the ...
... dopamine and norepinephrine, leading to specific damage via oxidative stress to these neurons (14). To be neurotoxic to the brain, 6-OHDA must be administered by intracerebral or intraventricular injections because it is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. The compound can be neurotoxic to the ...
Neuronal mechanisms of executive control by the prefrontal cortex
... observations, Stuss and Benson (1986) indicated that frontal patients exhibit a lack of insight and foresight, diminished capacity for planning, and decreased initiative. Similar impairments have also been reported in animals with prefrontal lesions (see reviews by Goldman-Rakic, 1987; Petrides, 199 ...
... observations, Stuss and Benson (1986) indicated that frontal patients exhibit a lack of insight and foresight, diminished capacity for planning, and decreased initiative. Similar impairments have also been reported in animals with prefrontal lesions (see reviews by Goldman-Rakic, 1987; Petrides, 199 ...
... which, when injured, led to a sensory impairment of language. The patients with such lesions were unable to recognize spoken words, even when they han an intact audition. Wernicke postulated that this area (which was named in his honor), was connected to Broca’s area, thus forming a complex system r ...
Expectation of reward modulates cognitive signals in the basal ganglia
... the former comparison, cognitive processing was allocated to the to-be-attended location or object, and reward was given consistently. Here the required cognitive processing was identical for different target locations, but the reward outcome was different. The basal ganglia may direct attention to ...
... the former comparison, cognitive processing was allocated to the to-be-attended location or object, and reward was given consistently. Here the required cognitive processing was identical for different target locations, but the reward outcome was different. The basal ganglia may direct attention to ...
Brain Research, 178 (1979) 363-380 363 © Elsevier/North
... the distribution of receptive field size was not random. There was a greater incidence of very large receptive fields in two regions. The first region was the most anterior part of IT (see Fig. 1C and D). Within this area 67 ~ of the 56 receptive fields were larger than 60 ° × 60 °. The second regio ...
... the distribution of receptive field size was not random. There was a greater incidence of very large receptive fields in two regions. The first region was the most anterior part of IT (see Fig. 1C and D). Within this area 67 ~ of the 56 receptive fields were larger than 60 ° × 60 °. The second regio ...
Inferior Parietal Lobule Function in Spatial Perception and
... tion, i.e., the inability to attend simultaneously to two internal spatial representations or memories against or more objects in visual space. Bisiach et al. (30) have which this altered perception can be compared. This shown that a spatial deficit can exist even when atten- proposed memory loss wo ...
... tion, i.e., the inability to attend simultaneously to two internal spatial representations or memories against or more objects in visual space. Bisiach et al. (30) have which this altered perception can be compared. This shown that a spatial deficit can exist even when atten- proposed memory loss wo ...
Attention maps in the brain - Site BU
... attention. Thus, we employed a psychophysical task that excluded the possibility that spatial attention was rapidly switching between locations of interest. Subjects were required to compare the identity of targets simultaneously displayed in two separated locations, a condition that we label as ‘At ...
... attention. Thus, we employed a psychophysical task that excluded the possibility that spatial attention was rapidly switching between locations of interest. Subjects were required to compare the identity of targets simultaneously displayed in two separated locations, a condition that we label as ‘At ...
The functional asymmetry of auditory cortex is reflected
... The introduction of laser scanning photostimulation (LSPS) has made it possible to examine the microcircuitry in other cortical areas with high efficiency. LSPS uses the photorelease of caged glutamate to map functional connections between a neuron and its presynap tic inputs in vitro4,5. This tech ...
... The introduction of laser scanning photostimulation (LSPS) has made it possible to examine the microcircuitry in other cortical areas with high efficiency. LSPS uses the photorelease of caged glutamate to map functional connections between a neuron and its presynap tic inputs in vitro4,5. This tech ...
Cerebellar Loops with Motor Cortex and Prefrontal Cortex of a
... transported from the cortical injection site in all animals. None of the animals displayed any symptoms of infection. Neurons infected with rabies contained small immunostained inclusions that were confined to their soma and dendrites (Fig. 2). Infected neurons displayed no evidence of lysis, and we ...
... transported from the cortical injection site in all animals. None of the animals displayed any symptoms of infection. Neurons infected with rabies contained small immunostained inclusions that were confined to their soma and dendrites (Fig. 2). Infected neurons displayed no evidence of lysis, and we ...
Distinct Representations and Theta Dynamics in Dorsal and Ventral
... separation criteria in the ventral hippocamFigure 2. Firing fields on the open arena. A, Firing fields of representative pyramidal cells from the dCA3 and vCA3 regions. pus should be verified and improved in fuFiring rates are normalized to the peak (maximum) rate (white numbers) and color-coded. On ...
... separation criteria in the ventral hippocamFigure 2. Firing fields on the open arena. A, Firing fields of representative pyramidal cells from the dCA3 and vCA3 regions. pus should be verified and improved in fuFiring rates are normalized to the peak (maximum) rate (white numbers) and color-coded. On ...