Pre-synaptic Terminal Dynamics in the Hippocampus
... 1.1.1. Experience-dependent synaptic plasticity Experience can shape the brain at specialized interneuronal connection sites, the synapses. Formation of synapses during development is thought to depend upon both genetic and environmental factors. Initial establishment of synaptic connections occurs ...
... 1.1.1. Experience-dependent synaptic plasticity Experience can shape the brain at specialized interneuronal connection sites, the synapses. Formation of synapses during development is thought to depend upon both genetic and environmental factors. Initial establishment of synaptic connections occurs ...
Integrative actions of the reticular formation The reticular activating
... whose direct stimulation activates or desynchronizes the EEG, replacing high voltage slow waves with low voltage fast activity. ...
... whose direct stimulation activates or desynchronizes the EEG, replacing high voltage slow waves with low voltage fast activity. ...
Disc1Point Mutations in Mice Affect Development of the Cerebral
... times during embryonic corticogenesis, mutants, but only Q31L showed fewer labeled cells with BrdU injection at E18 when compared to WT (n ⫽ 7–20; t test, p ⬍ 0.01). C, The distribution of BrdU-labeled cells was analyzed across cortical layers in all BrdU-injected time points. A rectangular ROI of B ...
... times during embryonic corticogenesis, mutants, but only Q31L showed fewer labeled cells with BrdU injection at E18 when compared to WT (n ⫽ 7–20; t test, p ⬍ 0.01). C, The distribution of BrdU-labeled cells was analyzed across cortical layers in all BrdU-injected time points. A rectangular ROI of B ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... identified, for most of the spines appeared as isolated profiles that could not be traced back to their dendritic shafts. One example of a degenerating axon terminal synapsing with an axon initial segment was encountered. Small, degenerating myelinated axons were prevalent in layers VI, V and IV, bu ...
... identified, for most of the spines appeared as isolated profiles that could not be traced back to their dendritic shafts. One example of a degenerating axon terminal synapsing with an axon initial segment was encountered. Small, degenerating myelinated axons were prevalent in layers VI, V and IV, bu ...
A Brief Study About Three Industrial Disasters : Seveso
... since, this has been one of the leading questions of philosophy and all social thinking.1 Prof. John Rawls, one of the influential political philosopher of the twentieth century, has beautifully highlighted the importance of the concept of justice. He writes : “Justice is the first virtue of social ...
... since, this has been one of the leading questions of philosophy and all social thinking.1 Prof. John Rawls, one of the influential political philosopher of the twentieth century, has beautifully highlighted the importance of the concept of justice. He writes : “Justice is the first virtue of social ...
Winstanley et al. - Rudolf Cardinal
... The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) share many reciprocal connections, and a functional interaction between these regions is important in controlling goal-directed behavior. However, their relative roles have proved hard to dissociate. Although injury to thes ...
... The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) share many reciprocal connections, and a functional interaction between these regions is important in controlling goal-directed behavior. However, their relative roles have proved hard to dissociate. Although injury to thes ...
- Wiley Online Library
... assessed in animals species commonly used for preclinical research. It will be recalled that the etiologies of disorders like schizophrenia, autism, or cerebral palsy are multifactorial, likely involving a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Thus, it should not be surprising ...
... assessed in animals species commonly used for preclinical research. It will be recalled that the etiologies of disorders like schizophrenia, autism, or cerebral palsy are multifactorial, likely involving a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Thus, it should not be surprising ...
Molecular and morphological analyses of basal forebrain
... BFCN origination and development begins with regional specification of the early telencephalon, proliferation and differentiation is then initiated through induction, maintenance and maturation signaling mechanisms. These highly conserved patterns of vertebrate telencephalic development are establis ...
... BFCN origination and development begins with regional specification of the early telencephalon, proliferation and differentiation is then initiated through induction, maintenance and maturation signaling mechanisms. These highly conserved patterns of vertebrate telencephalic development are establis ...
Attention as a decision in information space
... In recent years, significant progress in the study of decision formation was made possible by the development of behavioral tasks suitable for use in experimental animals. In these tasks animals are trained to make simple decisions based on sensory evidence or rewards and express these decisions thr ...
... In recent years, significant progress in the study of decision formation was made possible by the development of behavioral tasks suitable for use in experimental animals. In these tasks animals are trained to make simple decisions based on sensory evidence or rewards and express these decisions thr ...
The limbic system
... noradenergic locus coeruleus. It also sends axons that terminate within the cholinergic basal forebrain, the pedunculopontinethalamic nucleus (PPT) and lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus (LDT). The VLPO projections to these areas are inhibitory in nature as they are γaminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic ...
... noradenergic locus coeruleus. It also sends axons that terminate within the cholinergic basal forebrain, the pedunculopontinethalamic nucleus (PPT) and lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus (LDT). The VLPO projections to these areas are inhibitory in nature as they are γaminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic ...
Cell type-specific activation of p38 MAPK in the brain regions of
... The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of p38 MAPK were analyzed by Western blot as reported previously (Long et al., 2006; Niu et al., 2005). Briefly, 50 mg of protein from the whole tissue homogenate of each sample was loaded in 10% SDS–PAGE gel. Then, the proteins were transferred onto ...
... The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of p38 MAPK were analyzed by Western blot as reported previously (Long et al., 2006; Niu et al., 2005). Briefly, 50 mg of protein from the whole tissue homogenate of each sample was loaded in 10% SDS–PAGE gel. Then, the proteins were transferred onto ...
Signaling by truncated Dab1 protein - Development
... by early CP neurons that remain attached to the radial glia and block outward movement of later CP neurons (Pinto-Lord et al., 1982). However, it is also possible that reelin normally signals to these neurons at a distance, attracting them to migrate to the edge of layer I. Development of the CA1 re ...
... by early CP neurons that remain attached to the radial glia and block outward movement of later CP neurons (Pinto-Lord et al., 1982). However, it is also possible that reelin normally signals to these neurons at a distance, attracting them to migrate to the edge of layer I. Development of the CA1 re ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... literature inspired by sensory-motor models is the so-called correspondence problem (Nehaniv & Dautenhahn 2002). This problem can be summarized with the question: how is the sensory input from somebody else’s action transformed into a matching motor output by the imitator? For the ideomotor framewor ...
... literature inspired by sensory-motor models is the so-called correspondence problem (Nehaniv & Dautenhahn 2002). This problem can be summarized with the question: how is the sensory input from somebody else’s action transformed into a matching motor output by the imitator? For the ideomotor framewor ...
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... that age-related pathological brain dysfunction might be ameliorated by treatment with neurotrophic factor. Most of earlier studies usually estimated degenerative or atrophic changes in morphology of the cholinergic neurons. However, recently attention has been focused on the idea that, during norma ...
... that age-related pathological brain dysfunction might be ameliorated by treatment with neurotrophic factor. Most of earlier studies usually estimated degenerative or atrophic changes in morphology of the cholinergic neurons. However, recently attention has been focused on the idea that, during norma ...
Neurobiology of injury to the developing brain.
... Following traumatic brain injury (TBI) there is significant neuropathology which includes mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of cortical grey matter, microglial activation, and cognitive impairment. Previous evidence has shown that activation of the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors (PPARs) pr ...
... Following traumatic brain injury (TBI) there is significant neuropathology which includes mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of cortical grey matter, microglial activation, and cognitive impairment. Previous evidence has shown that activation of the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors (PPARs) pr ...
emotional learning: a computational model of the amygdala
... 1996), Schmajuk (1997), and Balkenius and Morën (1999). Gray (1975) describes yet another version of the theory. In some respects, the learning model proposed by Grossberg (1987) is also an instance of the two-process idea. The goal of the present work is to show that ¢ndings from neurophysiology c ...
... 1996), Schmajuk (1997), and Balkenius and Morën (1999). Gray (1975) describes yet another version of the theory. In some respects, the learning model proposed by Grossberg (1987) is also an instance of the two-process idea. The goal of the present work is to show that ¢ndings from neurophysiology c ...
The Molecular Biology of Memory Storage: A Dialog
... only think of the use of Drosophila in genetics, of bacteria and bacteriophages in molecular biology, and of the squid giant axon in the study of the conduction of nerve impulses. Nevertheless, when it came to the study of behavior, many investigators were reluctant to use a reductionist strategy. I ...
... only think of the use of Drosophila in genetics, of bacteria and bacteriophages in molecular biology, and of the squid giant axon in the study of the conduction of nerve impulses. Nevertheless, when it came to the study of behavior, many investigators were reluctant to use a reductionist strategy. I ...
Role of the Preoptic-Anterior Hypothalamus in
... As depicted in figure 1, early in vivo studies used microelectrodes to record the activity of single neurons in the hypothalamus of anesthetized and unanesthetized animals. These animals were implanted with thermodes to locally warm and cool the hypothalamic locations where the neurons were recorded ...
... As depicted in figure 1, early in vivo studies used microelectrodes to record the activity of single neurons in the hypothalamus of anesthetized and unanesthetized animals. These animals were implanted with thermodes to locally warm and cool the hypothalamic locations where the neurons were recorded ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... literature inspired by sensory-motor models is the so-called correspondence problem (Nehaniv & Dautenhahn 2002). This problem can be summarized with the question: how is the sensory input from somebody else’s action transformed into a matching motor output by the imitator? For the ideomotor framewor ...
... literature inspired by sensory-motor models is the so-called correspondence problem (Nehaniv & Dautenhahn 2002). This problem can be summarized with the question: how is the sensory input from somebody else’s action transformed into a matching motor output by the imitator? For the ideomotor framewor ...
![[ABSTRACT] - University of Twente Student Theses](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009886579_1-44ed62dc2b2abb2e0b1569ecdcf72f1c-300x300.png)
[ABSTRACT] - University of Twente Student Theses
... button presses presented on the monitor, and to reproduce them from memory using the physical response box immediately after they had been presented on the screen for a total of four times. Each trial from the imitation condition consisted of a single sequence repeated on screen four times, followed ...
... button presses presented on the monitor, and to reproduce them from memory using the physical response box immediately after they had been presented on the screen for a total of four times. Each trial from the imitation condition consisted of a single sequence repeated on screen four times, followed ...
Functional neuroanatomy of the primate isocortical motor system
... the macaque monkey have been published over the past century (Brodmann 1909; Vogt and Vogt 1919; von Bonin and Bailey 1947; Matelli et al. 1985; Barbas and Pandya 1987; Matelli et al. 1991). Most investigators agree that the primary motor cortex is homogeneous, whereas the rostrally adjoining agranu ...
... the macaque monkey have been published over the past century (Brodmann 1909; Vogt and Vogt 1919; von Bonin and Bailey 1947; Matelli et al. 1985; Barbas and Pandya 1987; Matelli et al. 1991). Most investigators agree that the primary motor cortex is homogeneous, whereas the rostrally adjoining agranu ...
the mirror-neuron system - UCSF Center for Integrative Neuroscience
... Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2004.27:169-192. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by University of California - San Francisco on 10/30/05. For personal use only. ...
... Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2004.27:169-192. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by University of California - San Francisco on 10/30/05. For personal use only. ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... literature inspired by sensory-motor models is the so-called correspondence problem (Nehaniv & Dautenhahn 2002). This problem can be summarized with the question: how is the sensory input from somebody else’s action transformed into a matching motor output by the imitator? For the ideomotor framewor ...
... literature inspired by sensory-motor models is the so-called correspondence problem (Nehaniv & Dautenhahn 2002). This problem can be summarized with the question: how is the sensory input from somebody else’s action transformed into a matching motor output by the imitator? For the ideomotor framewor ...
Visual Categorization and the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... The monkeys performed a delayed match-to-category task that required them to judge whether two successive stimuli were from the same category (Fig. 2). The trial began when the monkey grasped a metal bar and fixated a small (0.3°) white spot at the center of a CRT screen. They were required to maint ...
... The monkeys performed a delayed match-to-category task that required them to judge whether two successive stimuli were from the same category (Fig. 2). The trial began when the monkey grasped a metal bar and fixated a small (0.3°) white spot at the center of a CRT screen. They were required to maint ...
the mirror-neuron system - Psychology and Neuroscience
... At first glance, the simplest, and most direct, way to prove that the mirror-neuron system underlies action understanding is to destroy it and examine the lesion effect on the monkey’s capacity to recognize actions made by other monkeys. In practice, this is not so. First, the mirror-neuron system i ...
... At first glance, the simplest, and most direct, way to prove that the mirror-neuron system underlies action understanding is to destroy it and examine the lesion effect on the monkey’s capacity to recognize actions made by other monkeys. In practice, this is not so. First, the mirror-neuron system i ...