Turtle Dorsal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons Comprise Two Distinct Cell
... Procedures used in this study were approved by Washington University’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and conform to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health on the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans, 150–200 g weight, 12–1 ...
... Procedures used in this study were approved by Washington University’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and conform to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health on the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans, 150–200 g weight, 12–1 ...
An Integrate-and-fire Model of Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Activity during Performance of Goal-directed
... tation of reward. This task involves the differential generation of Go versus NoGo responses to randomly presented visual cues. Recordings demonstrated that some neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex do indeed fire selectively for the transition from one specific state to another. Schultz et al. (2000) ...
... tation of reward. This task involves the differential generation of Go versus NoGo responses to randomly presented visual cues. Recordings demonstrated that some neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex do indeed fire selectively for the transition from one specific state to another. Schultz et al. (2000) ...
Drives and emotions: the hypothalamus and limbic system
... Figure 23-5 Dependence of circadian rhythms on the suprachiasmatic nucleus. A, Wheel-running behavior of a hamster over a period of several months while living in constant light. Each horizontal line represents a single day, and each thickening represents a period of wheel running. Wheel running st ...
... Figure 23-5 Dependence of circadian rhythms on the suprachiasmatic nucleus. A, Wheel-running behavior of a hamster over a period of several months while living in constant light. Each horizontal line represents a single day, and each thickening represents a period of wheel running. Wheel running st ...
Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey
... must arise from the coalescence of more than one axon. This is a conservative threshold that eliminated stray fibers from the analysis but had the benefit of allowing us to focus on the patch system alone, to the exclusion of any radially diff use system of fibers. (2) When the density of staining w ...
... must arise from the coalescence of more than one axon. This is a conservative threshold that eliminated stray fibers from the analysis but had the benefit of allowing us to focus on the patch system alone, to the exclusion of any radially diff use system of fibers. (2) When the density of staining w ...
full text pdf
... from the eye into the brain for information processing in the central nervous system (CNS). One of the first relay centers in this pathway is the dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (dLGN), a thalamic center in the diencephalon. Each dLGN hemisphere receives major input from the optic nerves and from ...
... from the eye into the brain for information processing in the central nervous system (CNS). One of the first relay centers in this pathway is the dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (dLGN), a thalamic center in the diencephalon. Each dLGN hemisphere receives major input from the optic nerves and from ...
Cross-Modal Transfer of Information between the Tactile
... How is this possible? The research done on tactile –visual cross-modal performance has been based mainly on the assumption that there must exist amodal representations of form in so-called polysensory areas, ...
... How is this possible? The research done on tactile –visual cross-modal performance has been based mainly on the assumption that there must exist amodal representations of form in so-called polysensory areas, ...
Full text - Ip Lab - Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
... to the reduced membrane association of the actin depolymerization factor cofilin, which is believed to allow actin depolymerization required for ephrinA3-induced spine retraction [34]. Finally, stimulation by ephrinA3-Fc also inhibits integrin signaling and reduces adhesion to the extracellular matr ...
... to the reduced membrane association of the actin depolymerization factor cofilin, which is believed to allow actin depolymerization required for ephrinA3-induced spine retraction [34]. Finally, stimulation by ephrinA3-Fc also inhibits integrin signaling and reduces adhesion to the extracellular matr ...
Perceptual and Semantic Contributions to
... Stimuli were likewise analyzed in terms of their mean harmonics-tonoise ratio (HNR), which was calculated using PRAAT software (http:// www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/). This is a method to quantify and compare dynamic acoustic properties (i.e., periodicity) of sounds (Lewis et al. 2005). The mean (±stand ...
... Stimuli were likewise analyzed in terms of their mean harmonics-tonoise ratio (HNR), which was calculated using PRAAT software (http:// www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/). This is a method to quantify and compare dynamic acoustic properties (i.e., periodicity) of sounds (Lewis et al. 2005). The mean (±stand ...
The role of mirror neurons in speech perception and
... subset of apraxic patients also have pantomime recognition deficits (Heilman, Rothi, & Valenstein, 1982), which has been taken as evidence for overlap in the neural systems supporting action execution and action understanding (Gallese et al., 1996). Some studies of apraxic patients have linked actio ...
... subset of apraxic patients also have pantomime recognition deficits (Heilman, Rothi, & Valenstein, 1982), which has been taken as evidence for overlap in the neural systems supporting action execution and action understanding (Gallese et al., 1996). Some studies of apraxic patients have linked actio ...
exuberance in the development of cortical
... with age in the uptake, transport and diffusion of axonally transported substances that are used to trace them. Some tracers (for example, lipophilic molecules such as carbocyanine dyes) label young, unmyelinated axons well but older, myelinated axons much less effectively. Other tracers tend to be ...
... with age in the uptake, transport and diffusion of axonally transported substances that are used to trace them. Some tracers (for example, lipophilic molecules such as carbocyanine dyes) label young, unmyelinated axons well but older, myelinated axons much less effectively. Other tracers tend to be ...
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing
... a) Influence of the observed action location relative to the observer Early studies of mirror neurons were focused on demonstrating congruence between motor and visual responses of the recorded neurons (Gallese et al., 1996; Rizzolatti et al., 1996). Already in those studies it was reported, however ...
... a) Influence of the observed action location relative to the observer Early studies of mirror neurons were focused on demonstrating congruence between motor and visual responses of the recorded neurons (Gallese et al., 1996; Rizzolatti et al., 1996). Already in those studies it was reported, however ...
Axo-axonic synapses formed by somatostatin
... In cerebral cortex of rat and monkey, the neuropeptide somatostatin (SOM) marks a population of nonpyramidal cells (McDonald et al. [1982] J. Neurocytol. 11:809 – 824; Hendry et al. [1984] J. Neurosci. 4:2497:2517; Laemle and Feldman [1985] J. Comp. Neurol. 233:452– 462; Meineke and Peters [1986] J. ...
... In cerebral cortex of rat and monkey, the neuropeptide somatostatin (SOM) marks a population of nonpyramidal cells (McDonald et al. [1982] J. Neurocytol. 11:809 – 824; Hendry et al. [1984] J. Neurosci. 4:2497:2517; Laemle and Feldman [1985] J. Comp. Neurol. 233:452– 462; Meineke and Peters [1986] J. ...
The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks
... Frontal cortex is the main driving force of the BG as indicated by its massive topographically and functionally organized pathways. Together they control the ability to carry all aspects of goal directed behaviors including the motivation and cognition that drives and organizes them, along with thei ...
... Frontal cortex is the main driving force of the BG as indicated by its massive topographically and functionally organized pathways. Together they control the ability to carry all aspects of goal directed behaviors including the motivation and cognition that drives and organizes them, along with thei ...
TREBALL 6
... apomorphine-induced suppression of DA cell firing in rat VTA The systemic administration of ARI at various doses (max. 3.2 mg/kg) to chloral hydrate anesthetized rats (n = 5) did not evoke any consistent effect on the firing activity of VTA DA neurons, whereas haloperidol (100-200 µg/kg i.v.) increa ...
... apomorphine-induced suppression of DA cell firing in rat VTA The systemic administration of ARI at various doses (max. 3.2 mg/kg) to chloral hydrate anesthetized rats (n = 5) did not evoke any consistent effect on the firing activity of VTA DA neurons, whereas haloperidol (100-200 µg/kg i.v.) increa ...
Horvitz, J.C. Stimulus-response and response
... The rapid non-discriminating activation onset of the DA response may serve to provide a relatively precise timestamp for modulation of corticostriatal synapses [118,119], strengthening those striatal input–output connections active at the time the reward stimulus was presented. It has been suggested ...
... The rapid non-discriminating activation onset of the DA response may serve to provide a relatively precise timestamp for modulation of corticostriatal synapses [118,119], strengthening those striatal input–output connections active at the time the reward stimulus was presented. It has been suggested ...
The effect of fasting on the ultrastructure of the hypothalamic arcuate
... the formation of membranous whorls was dependent on the oestrous cycle being most intense during the diestrus. According to the authors, high plasma levels of oestrogen may activate the arcuate neurons, and thus the formation of whorls. These structures were also observed in the arcuate neurons of m ...
... the formation of membranous whorls was dependent on the oestrous cycle being most intense during the diestrus. According to the authors, high plasma levels of oestrogen may activate the arcuate neurons, and thus the formation of whorls. These structures were also observed in the arcuate neurons of m ...
Functional Connectivity of the Secondary Somatosensory Cortex of
... pathways from forepaw VPL to S1 and S2; (3) forepaw S1 and S2 were symmetrically and reciprocally connected; (4) response latencies of the S1 and S2 multiunits to forepaw stimulation were in accordance with a direct and parallel pathway. This study provides further evidence to support the equivalent ...
... pathways from forepaw VPL to S1 and S2; (3) forepaw S1 and S2 were symmetrically and reciprocally connected; (4) response latencies of the S1 and S2 multiunits to forepaw stimulation were in accordance with a direct and parallel pathway. This study provides further evidence to support the equivalent ...
... strong evidence for similar relations in invertebrates (see Section 3.1). Evidence from molecular mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex and the striatum suggests that cognitive goals are maintained via dopaminergic activity (Schultz et al., 1995), which operates to create persistent attention to rewar ...
What can mice tell us about how vision works?
... Studying vision in mice: the blind leading the blind? Understanding how the brain gives rise to the experience of sight is an important and fundamental question that has garnered much attention over the years [1]. The longstanding emphasis stems from the fact that many mammals, including humans, rel ...
... Studying vision in mice: the blind leading the blind? Understanding how the brain gives rise to the experience of sight is an important and fundamental question that has garnered much attention over the years [1]. The longstanding emphasis stems from the fact that many mammals, including humans, rel ...
ORGANIZATION OF CORTICAL AFFERENTS TO THE FRONTAL
... 65, 67, 68). It is particularly well expressed by the distribution of indirect FAC afferents passing via mediodorsalnucleus (MD), which is known to be precisely and topographically connected with this cortex (65). Since MD afferents were determined, it seems justifiable to distinguish within FAC two ...
... 65, 67, 68). It is particularly well expressed by the distribution of indirect FAC afferents passing via mediodorsalnucleus (MD), which is known to be precisely and topographically connected with this cortex (65). Since MD afferents were determined, it seems justifiable to distinguish within FAC two ...
Contextual modulation of primary visual cortex by auditory signals
... processing [1]. Although it is unclear if auditory feedback to primary visual cortex fits the profile of sensory integration seen in higher-association areas or the superior colliculus [11], anatomical and functional findings suggest that auditory signals in V1 do contribute to multisensory processi ...
... processing [1]. Although it is unclear if auditory feedback to primary visual cortex fits the profile of sensory integration seen in higher-association areas or the superior colliculus [11], anatomical and functional findings suggest that auditory signals in V1 do contribute to multisensory processi ...
Structural Abnormalities of the Central Auditory Pathway in Infants
... children from 7 to 17 years old with NSCL/P was less than that in control subjects (Nopoulos et al., 2007a). However, other studies have also reported that although general body growth in subjects with CL/P during childhood is less than that in normal children, most eventually reach normal height (C ...
... children from 7 to 17 years old with NSCL/P was less than that in control subjects (Nopoulos et al., 2007a). However, other studies have also reported that although general body growth in subjects with CL/P during childhood is less than that in normal children, most eventually reach normal height (C ...
