Structural Changes in AMPA-Receptive Neurons in the Nucleus of
... in GluR1 density are not due to inherent strain differences but are related to the onset of hypertension. This hypothesis is supported by linear regression analyses of blood pressure and GluR1 puncta counts in NTS. At 5 weeks of age, there was no relationship between systolic blood pressure and the ...
... in GluR1 density are not due to inherent strain differences but are related to the onset of hypertension. This hypothesis is supported by linear regression analyses of blood pressure and GluR1 puncta counts in NTS. At 5 weeks of age, there was no relationship between systolic blood pressure and the ...
Topography of Visual Cortex Connections with Frontal Eye Field in
... and Mishkin, 1982; Morel and Bullier, IWO; Baizer et al., I99 I ; Young, 1992). How information from the various cortical areas is combined to generate perception and action is not known. The investigation of visually guided eye movements may be a domain in which this issue can be examined effective ...
... and Mishkin, 1982; Morel and Bullier, IWO; Baizer et al., I99 I ; Young, 1992). How information from the various cortical areas is combined to generate perception and action is not known. The investigation of visually guided eye movements may be a domain in which this issue can be examined effective ...
Thalamocortical inputs trigger a propagating envelope of gamma
... (containing the right auditory cortex) facing the blade. Wholebrain slices were cut starting from the ventral surface of the brain. As auditory cortex, localized relative to surface blood vessel patterns and the rhinal fissure, was approached during slicing, a thick bundle of white matter running fr ...
... (containing the right auditory cortex) facing the blade. Wholebrain slices were cut starting from the ventral surface of the brain. As auditory cortex, localized relative to surface blood vessel patterns and the rhinal fissure, was approached during slicing, a thick bundle of white matter running fr ...
Aggregate Input-Output Models of Neuronal Populations
... order statistics such as cross-correlation and coherence measures are often used to gauge the relationship between the spiking activity of pairs of neurons [4], [5]. However, these are limited measures that provide snapshots of interactions between individual neurons from different regions. They she ...
... order statistics such as cross-correlation and coherence measures are often used to gauge the relationship between the spiking activity of pairs of neurons [4], [5]. However, these are limited measures that provide snapshots of interactions between individual neurons from different regions. They she ...
NEOCORTEX
... population. At another extreme are neurons such as the Betz cell, a large pyramidal neuron that is found in the motor cortex (area 4) and bears about 10,000 spines. Each spine forms a Type I (see later and Chap. 1) synapse with a presynaptic bouton. Thus, simply counting spines gives a lower limit o ...
... population. At another extreme are neurons such as the Betz cell, a large pyramidal neuron that is found in the motor cortex (area 4) and bears about 10,000 spines. Each spine forms a Type I (see later and Chap. 1) synapse with a presynaptic bouton. Thus, simply counting spines gives a lower limit o ...
Cognon Neural Model Software Verification and
... The project is currently in the third phase out of five. In the first phase cortical simulations were developed with ∼109 neurons and ∼1013 synapses running on the Blue Gene/P supercomputer, which had 147,456 CPUs and 144 terabytes of memory [1]. The second phase produced a 45 nm CMOS neuromorphic c ...
... The project is currently in the third phase out of five. In the first phase cortical simulations were developed with ∼109 neurons and ∼1013 synapses running on the Blue Gene/P supercomputer, which had 147,456 CPUs and 144 terabytes of memory [1]. The second phase produced a 45 nm CMOS neuromorphic c ...
GABAergic Influence on Taste Information in the Central Gustatory
... of GABAergic synapses with the endings of primary gustatory afferent nerves would allow them to modify incoming gustatory information from these nerves. With the presence and some general histological characteristics of GABA receptors in the NST established, the question becomes what the functional ...
... of GABAergic synapses with the endings of primary gustatory afferent nerves would allow them to modify incoming gustatory information from these nerves. With the presence and some general histological characteristics of GABA receptors in the NST established, the question becomes what the functional ...
Neurons of the Central Complex of the Locust Schistocerca gregaria
... gregaria) obtained from a crowded laboratory colony. Animals were anesthetized by cooling and were waxed anterior uppermost to a metal holder. The heads of the locusts were immobilized by a wax–rosin mixture, and their legs were removed. For intracellular recordings from the central protocerebrum, a ...
... gregaria) obtained from a crowded laboratory colony. Animals were anesthetized by cooling and were waxed anterior uppermost to a metal holder. The heads of the locusts were immobilized by a wax–rosin mixture, and their legs were removed. For intracellular recordings from the central protocerebrum, a ...
PDF
... network behaviour. Pyramidal neurons, the most widespread excitatory neuron of the neocortex have multiple spike initiation zones, which interact via dendritic and somatic spikes actively propagating in all directions within the dendritic tree. For these neurons, therefore, both the location and tim ...
... network behaviour. Pyramidal neurons, the most widespread excitatory neuron of the neocortex have multiple spike initiation zones, which interact via dendritic and somatic spikes actively propagating in all directions within the dendritic tree. For these neurons, therefore, both the location and tim ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... difference in the properties of the disparity sensitive neurons in CIP compared with those in the occipital cortex: while neurons in the occipital cortex are involved in low-level disparity detection within their relatively small receptive fields, CIP neurons may be involved in high-level computatio ...
... difference in the properties of the disparity sensitive neurons in CIP compared with those in the occipital cortex: while neurons in the occipital cortex are involved in low-level disparity detection within their relatively small receptive fields, CIP neurons may be involved in high-level computatio ...
In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Techniques to Study Neuronal Migration
... always aligned with the glial process, but it also makes contacts with axons or dendrites of pyramidal neurons [22]. Interestingly, recent work has suggested that, similar to what described for pyramidal neurons, cortical interneurons also distribute across the cortical layers according to their dat ...
... always aligned with the glial process, but it also makes contacts with axons or dendrites of pyramidal neurons [22]. Interestingly, recent work has suggested that, similar to what described for pyramidal neurons, cortical interneurons also distribute across the cortical layers according to their dat ...
Experimental heart failure causes depression
... Smits, 1994). Wann et al. described depression-like behavior in rats 2 weeks after ligation of the left coronary artery, including anhedonia (i.e., decreased sucrose intake) and behavioral despair (i.e., increased immobility in the forced swim test); both could be reversed by antidepressant treatmen ...
... Smits, 1994). Wann et al. described depression-like behavior in rats 2 weeks after ligation of the left coronary artery, including anhedonia (i.e., decreased sucrose intake) and behavioral despair (i.e., increased immobility in the forced swim test); both could be reversed by antidepressant treatmen ...
2nd year - FORTH-ICS - Foundation for Research and Technology
... Biobehavioral Review: 25, 287-295, 2005). Others have demonstrated that similarly good imitative performances of high functioning ASD are accompanied by a lower activation of MNS compared to controls, and a higher activation in visual and motor cortices (Dapretto et al, Nature Neuroscience: 9, 1, 28 ...
... Biobehavioral Review: 25, 287-295, 2005). Others have demonstrated that similarly good imitative performances of high functioning ASD are accompanied by a lower activation of MNS compared to controls, and a higher activation in visual and motor cortices (Dapretto et al, Nature Neuroscience: 9, 1, 28 ...
Dissociable Functions in the Medial and Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex
... that such neurons code behavioural outcomes of trials. This suggests that the OFC is sensitive to the reinforcement properties, or value, of stimuli and, further, rapidly modulates the nature of this inf luence in the light of recent experience. Findings from Lesion Studies in Humans In humans, like ...
... that such neurons code behavioural outcomes of trials. This suggests that the OFC is sensitive to the reinforcement properties, or value, of stimuli and, further, rapidly modulates the nature of this inf luence in the light of recent experience. Findings from Lesion Studies in Humans In humans, like ...
Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Rat Parabrachial Region: Ultrastructural
... axons with TH-I were found within groups of other labeled and unlabeled axons and terminals (Figs. 2C, 4A, 5c). At least 2 types of TH-I terminals were morphologically distinguishable. These 2 types are described separately as they appear in micrographs of single sections; however, they may represen ...
... axons with TH-I were found within groups of other labeled and unlabeled axons and terminals (Figs. 2C, 4A, 5c). At least 2 types of TH-I terminals were morphologically distinguishable. These 2 types are described separately as they appear in micrographs of single sections; however, they may represen ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... mirror galvanometers. A third stimulus, the small fixation point (0.25’ ) at the center of the screen, was generated by a stationary LED projector. A fixation point could be placed anywhere on the screen by using one of the optic bench stimuli. The same small spots used for testing direction and spe ...
... mirror galvanometers. A third stimulus, the small fixation point (0.25’ ) at the center of the screen, was generated by a stationary LED projector. A fixation point could be placed anywhere on the screen by using one of the optic bench stimuli. The same small spots used for testing direction and spe ...
A Review of Cell Assemblies by Huyck and
... is a relatively small set of connected neurons, that through neural firing can sustain activation without stimulus from outside the CA, and is formed by learning. Extensive evidence from single unit recording and other techniques shows that there are CAs that have these properties, and their neurons ...
... is a relatively small set of connected neurons, that through neural firing can sustain activation without stimulus from outside the CA, and is formed by learning. Extensive evidence from single unit recording and other techniques shows that there are CAs that have these properties, and their neurons ...
A compensatory subpopulation of motor neurons in a mouse model
... whereas others degenerate. We sought to understand how loss and growth occur at individual neuromuscular junctions and whether such opposing events can occur in different branches of the same neuron or, alternatively, whether whole motor units are either compensating or degenerative. Evidence from d ...
... whereas others degenerate. We sought to understand how loss and growth occur at individual neuromuscular junctions and whether such opposing events can occur in different branches of the same neuron or, alternatively, whether whole motor units are either compensating or degenerative. Evidence from d ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... cases, synaptic plasticity depends on the relative timing of the preand postsynaptic spikes, but not on their order (Fig. 2d and e). In the cerebellum-like structure of electric fish, LTP and LTD are reversed relative to other systems (Fig. 2c), perhaps because the postsynaptic neuron is inhibitory ...
... cases, synaptic plasticity depends on the relative timing of the preand postsynaptic spikes, but not on their order (Fig. 2d and e). In the cerebellum-like structure of electric fish, LTP and LTD are reversed relative to other systems (Fig. 2c), perhaps because the postsynaptic neuron is inhibitory ...
optimal feedback control and the neural basis of volitional motor
... of the hand during slow movements are corrected back towards the unperturbed trajectory, indicating that feedback is used to maintain a relatively straight hand trajectory, at least under these conditions22. Such simple features of hand motion mean that the CNS compensates for the complexities of li ...
... of the hand during slow movements are corrected back towards the unperturbed trajectory, indicating that feedback is used to maintain a relatively straight hand trajectory, at least under these conditions22. Such simple features of hand motion mean that the CNS compensates for the complexities of li ...
Cerebellar fastigial nucleus: from anatomic construction to
... and interneurons, with long axons projecting out of the cerebellar nuclei and short axons connecting only with neurons within the FN, respectively [1, 14]. Based on the transmitter phenotypes, glutamatergic, GABAergic as well as glycinergic neurons have been identified in the FN [1, 14, 15]. In addi ...
... and interneurons, with long axons projecting out of the cerebellar nuclei and short axons connecting only with neurons within the FN, respectively [1, 14]. Based on the transmitter phenotypes, glutamatergic, GABAergic as well as glycinergic neurons have been identified in the FN [1, 14, 15]. In addi ...
Physiology of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Beyond
... controls [41]. The treatment of these animals with the GnRHa leuprolide caused sex-related significant down-regulation of the expression of both the peptide and of its receptor, even though without significant changes in the plaque load; this may be suggestive of an insufficient effect of GnRHR acti ...
... controls [41]. The treatment of these animals with the GnRHa leuprolide caused sex-related significant down-regulation of the expression of both the peptide and of its receptor, even though without significant changes in the plaque load; this may be suggestive of an insufficient effect of GnRHR acti ...
Cerebral amyloidosis, amyloid angiopathy, and their relationship to
... are products of normal genes, several amyloid precursors contain abnormal amino acid substitutions that can impose an unusual potential for self-aggregation. Increased levels of amyloid precursors, either in the circulation or locally at sites of deposition, are usually the result of overexpression, ...
... are products of normal genes, several amyloid precursors contain abnormal amino acid substitutions that can impose an unusual potential for self-aggregation. Increased levels of amyloid precursors, either in the circulation or locally at sites of deposition, are usually the result of overexpression, ...
Specialized prefrontal "auditory fields": organization of primate
... (Figure 1, top; Hackett et al., 1999; Romanski et al., 1999a,b). These areas receive pathways from auditory association cortices from a restricted and more caudal part of STG, within the parabelt and belt areas (Figure 1, top; Barbas and Mesulam, 1981, 1985; Hackett et al., 1999; Romanski et al., 19 ...
... (Figure 1, top; Hackett et al., 1999; Romanski et al., 1999a,b). These areas receive pathways from auditory association cortices from a restricted and more caudal part of STG, within the parabelt and belt areas (Figure 1, top; Barbas and Mesulam, 1981, 1985; Hackett et al., 1999; Romanski et al., 19 ...
Review Inhibitory neurotransmission, plasticity and aging in the
... glycinergic inhibitory neurotransmission. As seen in development, age-related changes may be activity dependent. Age-related presynaptic changes in the cochlear nucleus include reduced glycine levels, while in the auditory midbrain and cortex, GABA synthesis and release are altered. Presumably, in r ...
... glycinergic inhibitory neurotransmission. As seen in development, age-related changes may be activity dependent. Age-related presynaptic changes in the cochlear nucleus include reduced glycine levels, while in the auditory midbrain and cortex, GABA synthesis and release are altered. Presumably, in r ...