Table of Contents - The Mind Project
... e. Use evidence to support explanations for the relationship between a region of the brain and the primary function of that region. f. Gather and communicate information to explain the integrated functioning of all parts of the brain for successful interpretation of inputs and generation of behavior ...
... e. Use evidence to support explanations for the relationship between a region of the brain and the primary function of that region. f. Gather and communicate information to explain the integrated functioning of all parts of the brain for successful interpretation of inputs and generation of behavior ...
The influence of James and Darwin on Cajal and his
... in conjunction with the entire organism. Thus, this idea of continuity or cooperation between the parts was not incompatible with the existence of reflex, such as motor reflexes associated with the spinal cord. This scenario led researchers to question whether it was the cerebral cortex alone that c ...
... in conjunction with the entire organism. Thus, this idea of continuity or cooperation between the parts was not incompatible with the existence of reflex, such as motor reflexes associated with the spinal cord. This scenario led researchers to question whether it was the cerebral cortex alone that c ...
During Arm-Reaching and Isometric-Force Tasks
... attributes of motor outputs. In at least one preliminary report, however, both area 5 and M1 neurons were found to be modulated to similar degrees by the level of force exerted during an isometric task (Boline and Ashe 1998). To re-examine the nature of motor output representations in the motor cort ...
... attributes of motor outputs. In at least one preliminary report, however, both area 5 and M1 neurons were found to be modulated to similar degrees by the level of force exerted during an isometric task (Boline and Ashe 1998). To re-examine the nature of motor output representations in the motor cort ...
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and
... sleep-wake regulation has been relatively limited, mainly because the dopamine neuron firing rate varies little between sleep and wake states.58,59 However, lesions of dopamine cell groups in the ventral tegmentum that project to the forebrain have been shown to induce a drastic reduction in behavio ...
... sleep-wake regulation has been relatively limited, mainly because the dopamine neuron firing rate varies little between sleep and wake states.58,59 However, lesions of dopamine cell groups in the ventral tegmentum that project to the forebrain have been shown to induce a drastic reduction in behavio ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... are critical to CRC nor that these neurons are the only central respiratory chemoreceptors. Such proof would require demonstrating that their selective destruction eliminates or, at least, attenuates the response of the respiratory network to hypercapnia. This goal has not been achieved yet but lesi ...
... are critical to CRC nor that these neurons are the only central respiratory chemoreceptors. Such proof would require demonstrating that their selective destruction eliminates or, at least, attenuates the response of the respiratory network to hypercapnia. This goal has not been achieved yet but lesi ...
Volatile Solvents as Drugs of Abuse: Focus on the Cortico
... predicted that the vast majority of recanters were actual solvent users (Martino et al, 2009). Volatile solvents are most commonly misused by young adolescents, with an age at peak use of 14 years (Marsolek et al, 2010; Nonnemaker et al, 2011). Caucasian and Native American populations have the high ...
... predicted that the vast majority of recanters were actual solvent users (Martino et al, 2009). Volatile solvents are most commonly misused by young adolescents, with an age at peak use of 14 years (Marsolek et al, 2010; Nonnemaker et al, 2011). Caucasian and Native American populations have the high ...
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
... GABAA receptor agonist21 (muscimol-bodipy (BPY)) to inhibit neuronal activity in a targeted and reversible manner (Fig. 1d). Bilateral inactivation of CEm, or of the entire CEA (CEm and CEl), did not elicit freezing behaviour (Fig. 1e). In contrast, inactivation of CEl alone induced unconditioned fr ...
... GABAA receptor agonist21 (muscimol-bodipy (BPY)) to inhibit neuronal activity in a targeted and reversible manner (Fig. 1d). Bilateral inactivation of CEm, or of the entire CEA (CEm and CEl), did not elicit freezing behaviour (Fig. 1e). In contrast, inactivation of CEl alone induced unconditioned fr ...
Severely dystrophic axons at amyloid plaques
... sagittal sections of frontal, parietal and occipital cortex and plaques counted and measured within it (excluding satellite plaques). Temporal cortex was excluded from this analysis as axons in this region cannot be followed back to their cell bodies. The diameter of the plaques (single line measure ...
... sagittal sections of frontal, parietal and occipital cortex and plaques counted and measured within it (excluding satellite plaques). Temporal cortex was excluded from this analysis as axons in this region cannot be followed back to their cell bodies. The diameter of the plaques (single line measure ...
Reward Systems in the Brain and Nutrition
... Activations of the insular taste cortex in humans. Neuroimaging studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans indicate that taste activates an area of the anterior insula/frontal operculum, which is probably the primary taste cortex (24, 43, 82, 163, 167). This area is general ...
... Activations of the insular taste cortex in humans. Neuroimaging studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans indicate that taste activates an area of the anterior insula/frontal operculum, which is probably the primary taste cortex (24, 43, 82, 163, 167). This area is general ...
Mechanism of action of cathinone from khat
... results. This work could not have succeeded without the co-operation and excellent technical assistance of Gershon Deya, Eric Omolo and James Ndung’u and the entire Animal Resources staff of Institute of Primate Research, Margaret Kagina, Robert Tsuma, Catherine Ngaywa, Peter Irungu, Daniel Kwoba, F ...
... results. This work could not have succeeded without the co-operation and excellent technical assistance of Gershon Deya, Eric Omolo and James Ndung’u and the entire Animal Resources staff of Institute of Primate Research, Margaret Kagina, Robert Tsuma, Catherine Ngaywa, Peter Irungu, Daniel Kwoba, F ...
Signals Conveyed in the Pulvinar Pathway from Superior Colliculus
... apse (orthodromic activation), the pulvinar neuron received input from of neurons for each task because many cells were lost after only partial the stimulated structure. By contrast, if stimulation backfired the neuron data collection, and others did not meet offline criteria for a given through its ...
... apse (orthodromic activation), the pulvinar neuron received input from of neurons for each task because many cells were lost after only partial the stimulated structure. By contrast, if stimulation backfired the neuron data collection, and others did not meet offline criteria for a given through its ...
Conference Programme - 2016 Berlin Conference on
... changes in economies around the globe. The palpable aim to finally bring our economies and societies onto sustainable pathways requires transformations of a scale similar to the industrial revolution. Indeed, societies, markets and political systems have not only to embrace new economic opportunitie ...
... changes in economies around the globe. The palpable aim to finally bring our economies and societies onto sustainable pathways requires transformations of a scale similar to the industrial revolution. Indeed, societies, markets and political systems have not only to embrace new economic opportunitie ...
Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during
... minimize brain edema and to reduce secretion in the airways, respectively. The trachea was intubated, and cannulas were placed in the femoral artery to monitor blood pressure and in the femoral veins for drug administration. Mean blood pressure was maintained above 90 mmHg when necessary using intra ...
... minimize brain edema and to reduce secretion in the airways, respectively. The trachea was intubated, and cannulas were placed in the femoral artery to monitor blood pressure and in the femoral veins for drug administration. Mean blood pressure was maintained above 90 mmHg when necessary using intra ...
Cough, Expiration and Aspiration Reflexes following
... network generating the cough reflex were introduced by Shannon et al. (1998, 2000). According to this model neuronal circuitries of the Respiratory Central Pattern Generator can also produce the cough motor pattern. However, the possibility that other brainstem circuits overlapping the main respirat ...
... network generating the cough reflex were introduced by Shannon et al. (1998, 2000). According to this model neuronal circuitries of the Respiratory Central Pattern Generator can also produce the cough motor pattern. However, the possibility that other brainstem circuits overlapping the main respirat ...
07.11 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... monkey kidney cells (supplied by Dr. Richard Dix, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL) (Dix et al., 1983). The specific parameters associated with each virus experiment, such as the region of cortex injected, the virus titer, the number of injection sites, the total volume of virus inj ...
... monkey kidney cells (supplied by Dr. Richard Dix, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL) (Dix et al., 1983). The specific parameters associated with each virus experiment, such as the region of cortex injected, the virus titer, the number of injection sites, the total volume of virus inj ...
Ultrastructural Characterization of Gerbil Olivocochlear Neurons
... olive, are small in size, and receive very few synaptic contacts. The vast majority of these synapses contain small, mildly pleomorphic vesicles with scattered dense core vesicles. Synapses with distinctly larger pleomorphic vesicles have also been observed. These neurons possess all of the features ...
... olive, are small in size, and receive very few synaptic contacts. The vast majority of these synapses contain small, mildly pleomorphic vesicles with scattered dense core vesicles. Synapses with distinctly larger pleomorphic vesicles have also been observed. These neurons possess all of the features ...
Mice Lacking M1 and M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Have
... the discrimination of dissimilar molecules, social odors (e.g., urine) and novel object recognition was not affected. In addition the KO mice showed impaired learning in an associative odor-learning task, learning to discriminate odors at a slower rate, indicating that both short and long-term memor ...
... the discrimination of dissimilar molecules, social odors (e.g., urine) and novel object recognition was not affected. In addition the KO mice showed impaired learning in an associative odor-learning task, learning to discriminate odors at a slower rate, indicating that both short and long-term memor ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... separable into Type1 (68%) and Type2 (32%) on the basis of their initial transient responses after cue stimulus presentation. Type1 neurons, but not Type2 neurons, began to encode association between paired stimuli as soon as they exhibited stimulus selectivity. Thus, the representation of long-term ...
... separable into Type1 (68%) and Type2 (32%) on the basis of their initial transient responses after cue stimulus presentation. Type1 neurons, but not Type2 neurons, began to encode association between paired stimuli as soon as they exhibited stimulus selectivity. Thus, the representation of long-term ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VISUAL AREA MT
... et al. 1991), which are completely dependent on input from striate cortex, at least some MT neurons remain both visually responsive and even direction-selective following removal or inactivation of V1 (Rodman et al. 1989, Girard et al. 1992). In some cases, residual MT function may have been conferr ...
... et al. 1991), which are completely dependent on input from striate cortex, at least some MT neurons remain both visually responsive and even direction-selective following removal or inactivation of V1 (Rodman et al. 1989, Girard et al. 1992). In some cases, residual MT function may have been conferr ...
NIH eRA Commons user name: AM2518 TELEPHONE NUMBER
... pulse TMS to study MT, intracortical inhibition (ICI) and ICF in M1 on the right and left hemisphere (Aim 1), and will measure the concentrations of Glx and GABA in the ACC by MRS (Aim 2). The second phase of the study will evaluate the clinical efficacy of TMS in a 4-week open-label trial of TMS on ...
... pulse TMS to study MT, intracortical inhibition (ICI) and ICF in M1 on the right and left hemisphere (Aim 1), and will measure the concentrations of Glx and GABA in the ACC by MRS (Aim 2). The second phase of the study will evaluate the clinical efficacy of TMS in a 4-week open-label trial of TMS on ...
Cortical areas are linked through pathways which originate and
... neurons. The cumulative density of label within the entire extent of each architectonic area was calculated from serial coronal sections. Thus for each area we obtained the density of anterograde label in the upper (1–3) and the deep (4–6) layers, and the total density (total density = density in up ...
... neurons. The cumulative density of label within the entire extent of each architectonic area was calculated from serial coronal sections. Thus for each area we obtained the density of anterograde label in the upper (1–3) and the deep (4–6) layers, and the total density (total density = density in up ...
18
... How does the human brain make sense of the 3D world while its visual input, the retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, the underlying c ...
... How does the human brain make sense of the 3D world while its visual input, the retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, the underlying c ...
Age-related changes in processing speed: unique contributions of
... In addition to identifying variation in anatomy that may underlie functional networks, SBM also provides the opportunity to: (1) identify the extent to which a component is driven by a common factor that would cause brain regions to scale together, such as brain size; and (2) identify an etiological ...
... In addition to identifying variation in anatomy that may underlie functional networks, SBM also provides the opportunity to: (1) identify the extent to which a component is driven by a common factor that would cause brain regions to scale together, such as brain size; and (2) identify an etiological ...
Structural Correlates of Efficient GABAergic Transmission in the
... features both in qualitative and quantitative terms (the median number of synapse per target was also 8.5). The individual synapses were closely spaced in both species. The nearest-neighbor synaptic distances were 169 nm in the rat and 178 nm in the monkey. The average number of synapses within 0.75 ...
... features both in qualitative and quantitative terms (the median number of synapse per target was also 8.5). The individual synapses were closely spaced in both species. The nearest-neighbor synaptic distances were 169 nm in the rat and 178 nm in the monkey. The average number of synapses within 0.75 ...
Structure and Function of Visual Area MT
... et al. 1991), which are completely dependent on input from striate cortex, at least some MT neurons remain both visually responsive and even direction-selective following removal or inactivation of V1 (Rodman et al. 1989, Girard et al. 1992). In some cases, residual MT function may have been conferr ...
... et al. 1991), which are completely dependent on input from striate cortex, at least some MT neurons remain both visually responsive and even direction-selective following removal or inactivation of V1 (Rodman et al. 1989, Girard et al. 1992). In some cases, residual MT function may have been conferr ...