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... effector tools (Ray et al., 2011; Brust et al., 2014; Niederkofler et al., 2016). Here, we apply these tools to characterize the function and projections of Tac1-Pet1 neurons. Studies have linked the control of breathing to 5-HT, substance P, its receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), and medul ...
... effector tools (Ray et al., 2011; Brust et al., 2014; Niederkofler et al., 2016). Here, we apply these tools to characterize the function and projections of Tac1-Pet1 neurons. Studies have linked the control of breathing to 5-HT, substance P, its receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), and medul ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... Bonferroni’s correction was performed for the number of wake groups analyzed ( p ⬍ 0.01). Cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. In addition to demonstrating functional impairment with changes in wake c-fos responses, we sought to demonstrate neural injury, in part, by measuring activated (cleaved) ...
... Bonferroni’s correction was performed for the number of wake groups analyzed ( p ⬍ 0.01). Cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. In addition to demonstrating functional impairment with changes in wake c-fos responses, we sought to demonstrate neural injury, in part, by measuring activated (cleaved) ...
Biophysical Properties and Responses to Neurotransmitters of
... passive membrane properties of these ganglion neurons were examined and compared with each other. There were significant differences between the properties of neurons in the PG and GG ganglia. The mean membrane time constant, spike threshold, action potential halfwidth, and action potential decay ti ...
... passive membrane properties of these ganglion neurons were examined and compared with each other. There were significant differences between the properties of neurons in the PG and GG ganglia. The mean membrane time constant, spike threshold, action potential halfwidth, and action potential decay ti ...
neural_networks
... All neurons in model operate on same temporal cycle. One computational cycle of a network for the weighted summation of active inputs and the thresholding to occur. On the next computational cycle of the simulation, this process is repeated. ...
... All neurons in model operate on same temporal cycle. One computational cycle of a network for the weighted summation of active inputs and the thresholding to occur. On the next computational cycle of the simulation, this process is repeated. ...
Rich-club organization in effective connectivity among cortical neurons
... The performance of complex networks depends crucially on how they route their traffic, whether it is passengers, supplies, or phone calls (Barrat et al., 2008). Despite the importance of this, we have only a few clues about how information is distributed in local cortical networks, consisting of sev ...
... The performance of complex networks depends crucially on how they route their traffic, whether it is passengers, supplies, or phone calls (Barrat et al., 2008). Despite the importance of this, we have only a few clues about how information is distributed in local cortical networks, consisting of sev ...
The role of the mirror neuron system in action understanding and
... This shows that the motor representation of a meaningful action performed by another can be generated internally in the premotor cortex of the observer (Umiltà, Kohler, Gallese, Fogassi, Keysers & Rizzolati, 2001). In addition, researchers found that mirror neuron activity was also present when a so ...
... This shows that the motor representation of a meaningful action performed by another can be generated internally in the premotor cortex of the observer (Umiltà, Kohler, Gallese, Fogassi, Keysers & Rizzolati, 2001). In addition, researchers found that mirror neuron activity was also present when a so ...
18 Coordination in Behavior and Cognition
... All three functions can be viewed as involving interactions that affect neural activity but without changing the information transmitted by the cells producing that activity. Tiesinga et al. (2008:106) state that “multiplicative gain modulation is important because it increases or decreases the over ...
... All three functions can be viewed as involving interactions that affect neural activity but without changing the information transmitted by the cells producing that activity. Tiesinga et al. (2008:106) state that “multiplicative gain modulation is important because it increases or decreases the over ...
Neuronal and microglial cathepsins in aging and age
... conditions. Leakage of cathepsins into the cytoplasm is often achieved by the endocytosis of oxidizable substrates that destabilize the lysosomal membranes through lipid peroxidation. It has been proposed that the increased level of cytosolic cathepsin D in the aged rat brain is due to the age-depen ...
... conditions. Leakage of cathepsins into the cytoplasm is often achieved by the endocytosis of oxidizable substrates that destabilize the lysosomal membranes through lipid peroxidation. It has been proposed that the increased level of cytosolic cathepsin D in the aged rat brain is due to the age-depen ...
electrophysiological studies of rat substantia nigra neurons in an in
... Although the precise mechanism of delayed neuronal degeneration in the SNR following MCA occlusion is not known, there is increasing evidence that the excessive excitation induced by a loss of an inhibitory GABAergic input from the neostriatum and/or the globus pallidus plays a major role. The delay ...
... Although the precise mechanism of delayed neuronal degeneration in the SNR following MCA occlusion is not known, there is increasing evidence that the excessive excitation induced by a loss of an inhibitory GABAergic input from the neostriatum and/or the globus pallidus plays a major role. The delay ...
Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after
... nociceptive in¯ow from the meningies to the brain (Hoskin et al., 1996; Strassman et al., 1996; Bove and Moskowitz, 1997). This innervation is considered to be the peripheral substrate of head pain in primary headache syndromes, such as migraine or cluster headache (Goadsby, 2001). Primary nocicepti ...
... nociceptive in¯ow from the meningies to the brain (Hoskin et al., 1996; Strassman et al., 1996; Bove and Moskowitz, 1997). This innervation is considered to be the peripheral substrate of head pain in primary headache syndromes, such as migraine or cluster headache (Goadsby, 2001). Primary nocicepti ...
Mouse Nerve Growth Factor Prevents Degeneration of Axotomized
... KCl, 5.4; MgSO,, 2.0; NaH,PO,: 1.2; CaCl,, 2:O; glucose, 10.0 (Cole et al., 1989)]. Following delivery of NGF, the ventricular access device was further washed with an additional 300 ~1 of artificial CSF in order to insure that NGF was not retained within the components of the ventricular access dev ...
... KCl, 5.4; MgSO,, 2.0; NaH,PO,: 1.2; CaCl,, 2:O; glucose, 10.0 (Cole et al., 1989)]. Following delivery of NGF, the ventricular access device was further washed with an additional 300 ~1 of artificial CSF in order to insure that NGF was not retained within the components of the ventricular access dev ...
Andrea Kádár
... posterior level of the PVN. In the same antero-posterior level, no difference was observed in the density of the α-MSH- and AGRP-IR axons in the medial and compact part of the PVN. Large number of AGRP- and α-MSH-IR axon varicosities formed juxtaposition with the perikarya and dendrites of the TRH n ...
... posterior level of the PVN. In the same antero-posterior level, no difference was observed in the density of the α-MSH- and AGRP-IR axons in the medial and compact part of the PVN. Large number of AGRP- and α-MSH-IR axon varicosities formed juxtaposition with the perikarya and dendrites of the TRH n ...
hanPNAS11
... In the postnatal day (P) 0 Tbr1−/− neocortex, the number of neurons highly expressing Fezf2-Gfp, which did not migrate normally (18), increased significantly from 21.8% in Tbr1+/+ to 33.3% in Tbr1−/− (P = 0.0058) (Fig. 2C). This significant increase in the total number of Fezf2-Gfp–expressing neurons ...
... In the postnatal day (P) 0 Tbr1−/− neocortex, the number of neurons highly expressing Fezf2-Gfp, which did not migrate normally (18), increased significantly from 21.8% in Tbr1+/+ to 33.3% in Tbr1−/− (P = 0.0058) (Fig. 2C). This significant increase in the total number of Fezf2-Gfp–expressing neurons ...
C-fos Expression in the Pons and Medulla of the Cat during
... evidence indicate that neurons that are located in certain structures of the rostra1 pontine tegmentum and in the medullary reticular formation are involved in the generation and maintenance of active sleep(Siegel, 1989; Steriade and McCarley, 1990; Jones, 1991). Nonetheless,the specific setsof neur ...
... evidence indicate that neurons that are located in certain structures of the rostra1 pontine tegmentum and in the medullary reticular formation are involved in the generation and maintenance of active sleep(Siegel, 1989; Steriade and McCarley, 1990; Jones, 1991). Nonetheless,the specific setsof neur ...
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... extensive networks. Each neuron consists of a number of components: a cell body, which contains the nucleus; numerous short protrusions from the cell body called dendrites; and a long thin structure called an axon that carries the electrical signals generated in the cell body and the dendrites to th ...
... extensive networks. Each neuron consists of a number of components: a cell body, which contains the nucleus; numerous short protrusions from the cell body called dendrites; and a long thin structure called an axon that carries the electrical signals generated in the cell body and the dendrites to th ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... Some biophysical mechanisms responsible for the bidirectional and multiplicative properties of synaptic scaling are understood. Direct application of glutamate4 and fluorescent labeling of receptors5,6 show that synaptic scaling is due to a postsynaptic change in the number of functional glutamate r ...
... Some biophysical mechanisms responsible for the bidirectional and multiplicative properties of synaptic scaling are understood. Direct application of glutamate4 and fluorescent labeling of receptors5,6 show that synaptic scaling is due to a postsynaptic change in the number of functional glutamate r ...
Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system
... Figure 1. (Opposite.) A diagram of pathways in the regulation of the cardiorespiratory system: (a) all pathways overlapped. The bulbospinal red pathways are in the RVLM (figure 2a) and integrate information from the centre and the periphery. The output from this nucleus is crucial for maintaining no ...
... Figure 1. (Opposite.) A diagram of pathways in the regulation of the cardiorespiratory system: (a) all pathways overlapped. The bulbospinal red pathways are in the RVLM (figure 2a) and integrate information from the centre and the periphery. The output from this nucleus is crucial for maintaining no ...
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
... Figure 1 | Differential role of CEl and CEm in fear expression and acquisition. a, Coronal section of the mouse brain indicating the location of the central amygdala (CEA). CEl/CEm, lateral/medial subdivisions of CEA. Numbers indicate the antero-posterior coordinates caudal to bregma. b, Red fluores ...
... Figure 1 | Differential role of CEl and CEm in fear expression and acquisition. a, Coronal section of the mouse brain indicating the location of the central amygdala (CEA). CEl/CEm, lateral/medial subdivisions of CEA. Numbers indicate the antero-posterior coordinates caudal to bregma. b, Red fluores ...
Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... of neurons. Mapping this cellular organization is important in understanding the molecular basis of specific brain functions, such as learning and memory. A variety of techniques have been developed to resolve the neuronal networking at the single cell level. In particular, examining the entire morp ...
... of neurons. Mapping this cellular organization is important in understanding the molecular basis of specific brain functions, such as learning and memory. A variety of techniques have been developed to resolve the neuronal networking at the single cell level. In particular, examining the entire morp ...
Study Objectives
... 4. Identify and briefly describe experimental approaches used to examine cerebral lateralization in humans. 5. Describe Sperry's and Gazzaniga's work with split-brain patients. What did their results reveal about the functions of the two cerebral hemispheres? 6. Define aphasia and list at least thr ...
... 4. Identify and briefly describe experimental approaches used to examine cerebral lateralization in humans. 5. Describe Sperry's and Gazzaniga's work with split-brain patients. What did their results reveal about the functions of the two cerebral hemispheres? 6. Define aphasia and list at least thr ...