Critical Time Window of Neuronal Cholesterol Synthesis during
... Cholesterol is an essential membrane component enriched in plasma membranes, growth cones, and synapses. The brain normally synthesizes all cholesterol locally, but the contribution of individual cell types to brain cholesterol metabolism is unknown. To investigate whether cortical projection neuron ...
... Cholesterol is an essential membrane component enriched in plasma membranes, growth cones, and synapses. The brain normally synthesizes all cholesterol locally, but the contribution of individual cell types to brain cholesterol metabolism is unknown. To investigate whether cortical projection neuron ...
Galanin in Alzheimer s disease: Neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?
... The development of transgenic mice that overexpress GAL has facilitated the study of GAL overexpression in the brain and provides a unique model for the investigation of this peptide in the area of cognition [14, 86]. For example, mice expressing GAL ectopically under control of the dopamine b-hydro ...
... The development of transgenic mice that overexpress GAL has facilitated the study of GAL overexpression in the brain and provides a unique model for the investigation of this peptide in the area of cognition [14, 86]. For example, mice expressing GAL ectopically under control of the dopamine b-hydro ...
View PDF - MRC BNDU - University of Oxford
... Cell density per segment was obtained by dividing the estimated number of neurons per segment in each animal by the total segment volume, then taking the mean across animals. For sections processed by both in situ hybridization and IHC, we could not use an optical fractionator as the silver grains r ...
... Cell density per segment was obtained by dividing the estimated number of neurons per segment in each animal by the total segment volume, then taking the mean across animals. For sections processed by both in situ hybridization and IHC, we could not use an optical fractionator as the silver grains r ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... A fundamental claim associated with parallel distributed processing (PDP) theories of cognition is that knowledge is coded in a distributed manner in mind and brain. This approach rejects the claim that knowledge is coded in a localist fashion, with words, objects, and simple concepts (e.g. “dog”), ...
... A fundamental claim associated with parallel distributed processing (PDP) theories of cognition is that knowledge is coded in a distributed manner in mind and brain. This approach rejects the claim that knowledge is coded in a localist fashion, with words, objects, and simple concepts (e.g. “dog”), ...
Contribution of Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Neurons to
... only for the tests pertaining to reward responses. To evaluate the relationship between neuronal discharge and specific events, we produced rasters and continuously varying spike density functions (Richmond et al. 1987) aligned on the events. To generate the spike density function, a Gaussian pulse ...
... only for the tests pertaining to reward responses. To evaluate the relationship between neuronal discharge and specific events, we produced rasters and continuously varying spike density functions (Richmond et al. 1987) aligned on the events. To generate the spike density function, a Gaussian pulse ...
The Matrix Protein Hikaru genki Localizes to Cholinergic Synaptic
... sections of the anterior and posterior brain regions are shown. Hig was observed in the entire synaptic region labeled with Brp in the WT brain, whereas Hig signals disappeared in higdd37. al, Antennal lobe; cx, calyx of the MB. B–E, Double labeling of synapses in the antennal lobe with antibodies a ...
... sections of the anterior and posterior brain regions are shown. Hig was observed in the entire synaptic region labeled with Brp in the WT brain, whereas Hig signals disappeared in higdd37. al, Antennal lobe; cx, calyx of the MB. B–E, Double labeling of synapses in the antennal lobe with antibodies a ...
On real-world temporal pattern recognition using Liquid State
... Time is what sets temporal pattern recognition aside from the normal blend we introduced in the previous chapter. Albert Einstein once wrote ‘The only reason for time is to prevent all things from happening at once’. Apart from being a famous quote it pinpoints the very reason why temporal pattern r ...
... Time is what sets temporal pattern recognition aside from the normal blend we introduced in the previous chapter. Albert Einstein once wrote ‘The only reason for time is to prevent all things from happening at once’. Apart from being a famous quote it pinpoints the very reason why temporal pattern r ...
Neuronal Correlates for Preparatory Set Associated with Pro
... the overlap condition. Then, the average activity was measured in a 10 msec interval extending from 5 msec before to 5 msec after the peak. For this analysis, only saccades that landed within a radius that deviated less than 625% of the optimal vector of the saccade were included. Comparisons were p ...
... the overlap condition. Then, the average activity was measured in a 10 msec interval extending from 5 msec before to 5 msec after the peak. For this analysis, only saccades that landed within a radius that deviated less than 625% of the optimal vector of the saccade were included. Comparisons were p ...
Foundations of Physiological Psychology, 7e (Carlson)
... 20) A complex phenomenon that is explained using simpler phenomena is based on the process of A) rationalization. B) simplification. C) generalization. D) deduction. E) reduction. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Objective: Factual LO:1.2 APA: 1.1 21) Dr. Leary argues that muscle contraction occurs bec ...
... 20) A complex phenomenon that is explained using simpler phenomena is based on the process of A) rationalization. B) simplification. C) generalization. D) deduction. E) reduction. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Objective: Factual LO:1.2 APA: 1.1 21) Dr. Leary argues that muscle contraction occurs bec ...
Differential effects of nicotine on the activity of substantia nigra and
... firing rate and coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation of firing frequency/mean firing frequency ´ 100) were calculated from 200-500 successive APs using LabView (National Instr.). A digital frequency meter was used for calculation of the number of spikes within consecutive time intervals ...
... firing rate and coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation of firing frequency/mean firing frequency ´ 100) were calculated from 200-500 successive APs using LabView (National Instr.). A digital frequency meter was used for calculation of the number of spikes within consecutive time intervals ...
Synaptic Pruning in Development: A Novel Account in Neural Terms
... What advantage could such a seemingly wasteful developmental strategy o er? Some researchers have treated the phenomenon as an inevitable result of synaptic maturation, lacking any computational signi cance. Others have hypothesized that synapses which are strengthened at an early stage might be lat ...
... What advantage could such a seemingly wasteful developmental strategy o er? Some researchers have treated the phenomenon as an inevitable result of synaptic maturation, lacking any computational signi cance. Others have hypothesized that synapses which are strengthened at an early stage might be lat ...
Tactile orientation perception: an ideal observer analysis of human
... orientation selectivity exclusively from the elongated shapes of their RFs. To accomplish this objective, it was necessary to define specific, plausible RF structures that either contained or lacked inhibitory sidebands so that we could quantitatively compare the fit of each recorded neuron with eac ...
... orientation selectivity exclusively from the elongated shapes of their RFs. To accomplish this objective, it was necessary to define specific, plausible RF structures that either contained or lacked inhibitory sidebands so that we could quantitatively compare the fit of each recorded neuron with eac ...
Stereotyped connectivity and computations in higher
... thus multiple types of olfactory receptor neurons. All the olfactory receptor neurons that express the same odorant receptor project to the same glomerulus in the brain, and so most individual stimuli are encoded by the combined activity of multiple glomeruli 1–3. As a consequence, higher-order neur ...
... thus multiple types of olfactory receptor neurons. All the olfactory receptor neurons that express the same odorant receptor project to the same glomerulus in the brain, and so most individual stimuli are encoded by the combined activity of multiple glomeruli 1–3. As a consequence, higher-order neur ...
Gao JCN 2000 - Georgia State University
... 1% nickel ammonium sulfate and 0.34% imidazole for intensification of the reaction product (Tago et al., 1989). There are certain considerations to be taken into account in any immunocytochemistry experiment, such as the specificity of the antibodies. The antibodies used in this study have been well ...
... 1% nickel ammonium sulfate and 0.34% imidazole for intensification of the reaction product (Tago et al., 1989). There are certain considerations to be taken into account in any immunocytochemistry experiment, such as the specificity of the antibodies. The antibodies used in this study have been well ...
Neurofilament and Calcium-Binding Proteins in the
... motor cortex (Morecraft and Van Hoesen, 1992; Nimchinsky et al., 1996). Braak (1979b) also observed a magnocellular division of the perigenual cortex suggesting that there may be rostral and caudal subdivisions of Brodmann’s area 24. Finally, a thorough modification of Brodmann’s original scheme has ...
... motor cortex (Morecraft and Van Hoesen, 1992; Nimchinsky et al., 1996). Braak (1979b) also observed a magnocellular division of the perigenual cortex suggesting that there may be rostral and caudal subdivisions of Brodmann’s area 24. Finally, a thorough modification of Brodmann’s original scheme has ...
Neurodegenerative Changes in the Motor Cortex and Cerebellum in Wistar... Following Acute Pneumococcal Meningitis
... function and cerebellar cortex concerned with motor function, equilibrium and balance. Neuronal damage was very severe in both the regions. In the case of cerebral cortex there was 60-70% neuronal loss was documented. Further the surviving neurons in the meningitis brain decreased in their size as w ...
... function and cerebellar cortex concerned with motor function, equilibrium and balance. Neuronal damage was very severe in both the regions. In the case of cerebral cortex there was 60-70% neuronal loss was documented. Further the surviving neurons in the meningitis brain decreased in their size as w ...
Basal Ganglia: Internal Organization
... medium-size densely spiny neuron (MSN; see Figure 3). Note that cortical terminals make synaptic contact with the dendritic shafts of MSNs to a much lesser extent and also make synaptic contact with the dendritic shafts of interneurons. The TH-immunoreactive axon makes symmetric synaptic contact (Gr ...
... medium-size densely spiny neuron (MSN; see Figure 3). Note that cortical terminals make synaptic contact with the dendritic shafts of MSNs to a much lesser extent and also make synaptic contact with the dendritic shafts of interneurons. The TH-immunoreactive axon makes symmetric synaptic contact (Gr ...
Caffeine promotes glutamate and histamine release in the posterior
... administration, animals were deeply anesthetized (pentobarbital sodium, 100 mg/kg ip) and transcardially perfused with 0.1 M PBS. The brain tissue obtained from experimental and control animals was processed together (at least two animals per batch) for immunostaining. Brain sections were cut at 30 ...
... administration, animals were deeply anesthetized (pentobarbital sodium, 100 mg/kg ip) and transcardially perfused with 0.1 M PBS. The brain tissue obtained from experimental and control animals was processed together (at least two animals per batch) for immunostaining. Brain sections were cut at 30 ...
High-Level Perception, Representation, and
... up raw sensory information, and the faculty of Understanding, which is devoted to organizing these data into a coherent, meaningful experience of the world. Kant found the faculty of Sensibility rather uninteresting, but he devoted much effort to the faculty of Understanding. He went so far as to pr ...
... up raw sensory information, and the faculty of Understanding, which is devoted to organizing these data into a coherent, meaningful experience of the world. Kant found the faculty of Sensibility rather uninteresting, but he devoted much effort to the faculty of Understanding. He went so far as to pr ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... which is a ventral extension of the CD-PUT (199). Although the basal ganglia have limited routes for their inputs and outputs, individual nuclei are often connected with each other, and therefore, it is difficult to understand, solely based on the known anatomical connections, how the information is ...
... which is a ventral extension of the CD-PUT (199). Although the basal ganglia have limited routes for their inputs and outputs, individual nuclei are often connected with each other, and therefore, it is difficult to understand, solely based on the known anatomical connections, how the information is ...
GABAergic neuron distribution in the pedunculopontine nucleus
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...