Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... di Parma, Istituto di Fisiologia Umana, Plesso Biotecnologico Integrato, 39-I43100 Parma, Italy ...
... di Parma, Istituto di Fisiologia Umana, Plesso Biotecnologico Integrato, 39-I43100 Parma, Italy ...
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... C) They are electrical charges that shoot down the axon. D) They are initiated when the axon is depolarized sufficiently. E) They are followed by a refractory period. ANS: B REF: 41 MOD: Module 2-1 Neurons: The Body’s Wiring OBJ: 2.3 KEY: Evaluate/Explain Which of the following does NOT occur during ...
... C) They are electrical charges that shoot down the axon. D) They are initiated when the axon is depolarized sufficiently. E) They are followed by a refractory period. ANS: B REF: 41 MOD: Module 2-1 Neurons: The Body’s Wiring OBJ: 2.3 KEY: Evaluate/Explain Which of the following does NOT occur during ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area (area AIP) while the animal was grasping or fixating ...
... orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area (area AIP) while the animal was grasping or fixating ...
Dynamics and Synchronization of Motifs of Neuronal Populations in the Presence
... cyto- and myeloarchitectural studies of the brain tissue indicate a segregated arrangement. Different aspects of the brain organization reflect the segregation principle. The following sections (1.1.1, and 1.1.2) shall discuss some striking examples of segregation at the peripheral level, where a pl ...
... cyto- and myeloarchitectural studies of the brain tissue indicate a segregated arrangement. Different aspects of the brain organization reflect the segregation principle. The following sections (1.1.1, and 1.1.2) shall discuss some striking examples of segregation at the peripheral level, where a pl ...
How Do Short-Term Changes at Synapses Fine
... both presynaptic and postsynaptic signals can be recorded with a single, extracellular pipette (Guinan and Li, 1990), and that juxtacellular (loose-patch) recordings can be used to quantify both the strength of synaptic transmission and postsynaptic excitability (Lorteije et al., 2009). Borst and co ...
... both presynaptic and postsynaptic signals can be recorded with a single, extracellular pipette (Guinan and Li, 1990), and that juxtacellular (loose-patch) recordings can be used to quantify both the strength of synaptic transmission and postsynaptic excitability (Lorteije et al., 2009). Borst and co ...
Varieties of Analogical Reasoning
... “similarity” and a structuralist categorization of types of semantic relations) (b) A single form category (i.e., the classic four-term analogy), and (c) A single set of morphological distinctions (e.g., verbal versus pictorial analogies). The taxonomy presented here distinguishes functional kinds o ...
... “similarity” and a structuralist categorization of types of semantic relations) (b) A single form category (i.e., the classic four-term analogy), and (c) A single set of morphological distinctions (e.g., verbal versus pictorial analogies). The taxonomy presented here distinguishes functional kinds o ...
Wager, T. D., Kang, J., Johnson, T. D., Nichols, T. E., Satpute, A. B.
... one emotion type from another, it is not clear that these findings are reliable enough (with sufficiently large effects) or generalizable enough across studies to meaningfully use brain information to infer what type of emotion was experienced. Recently, studies have begun to take a pattern-based vi ...
... one emotion type from another, it is not clear that these findings are reliable enough (with sufficiently large effects) or generalizable enough across studies to meaningfully use brain information to infer what type of emotion was experienced. Recently, studies have begun to take a pattern-based vi ...
Generation of Theta and Gamma Rhythms in the Hippocampus
... following Schaffer collaterals stimulation (Fig. 6). Pairedpulses probe a system in a way that a single pulse could not. The second of a pair of pulses tests the excitability of the neurons at various delays (interpulse intervals, IPIs) after the first pulse perturbs the neural circuit. Paired-pulse ...
... following Schaffer collaterals stimulation (Fig. 6). Pairedpulses probe a system in a way that a single pulse could not. The second of a pair of pulses tests the excitability of the neurons at various delays (interpulse intervals, IPIs) after the first pulse perturbs the neural circuit. Paired-pulse ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... should be affected by body core temperature, especially when recruitment of heat from internal body to the skin is facilitated by increased skin blood flow through cutaneous vasodilation. Therefore, the thermosensory neural pathways from skin thermoreceptors to the POA are thought to mediate the fee ...
... should be affected by body core temperature, especially when recruitment of heat from internal body to the skin is facilitated by increased skin blood flow through cutaneous vasodilation. Therefore, the thermosensory neural pathways from skin thermoreceptors to the POA are thought to mediate the fee ...
Integration of Perspective and Disparity Cues in Surface
... Since the recording chamber was implanted stereotaxically, the penetration track of the electrode could be accurately superimposed on the stereotaxic MRI brain map. Single-unit activity was recorded during the performance of the DMTS task under three conditions (D⫹P, P-only, and D-only) in a blocked ...
... Since the recording chamber was implanted stereotaxically, the penetration track of the electrode could be accurately superimposed on the stereotaxic MRI brain map. Single-unit activity was recorded during the performance of the DMTS task under three conditions (D⫹P, P-only, and D-only) in a blocked ...
Passive Properties of Swimmeret Motor Neurons
... resistance and membrane time constant increased. These similarities are considered in light of the functional task each motor neuron performs, and a hypothesis is developed that links the brief time constants of these neurons and graded synaptic transmission by premotor interneurons to control of th ...
... resistance and membrane time constant increased. These similarities are considered in light of the functional task each motor neuron performs, and a hypothesis is developed that links the brief time constants of these neurons and graded synaptic transmission by premotor interneurons to control of th ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... positive reward prediction error (when a reward outcome is larger than expected) (Schultz, 2013), do not provide the answer to how non-reward is computed for a number of reasons (Rolls, 2014). First, they may reflect only weakly any nonreward, by having somewhat reduced firing rates below their alre ...
... positive reward prediction error (when a reward outcome is larger than expected) (Schultz, 2013), do not provide the answer to how non-reward is computed for a number of reasons (Rolls, 2014). First, they may reflect only weakly any nonreward, by having somewhat reduced firing rates below their alre ...
Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways
... We perceive the environment via sensor arrays and interact with it through motor outputs. The work of this thesis concerns how the brain selects actions given the information about the perceived state of the world and how it learns and adapts these selections to changes in this environment. This lea ...
... We perceive the environment via sensor arrays and interact with it through motor outputs. The work of this thesis concerns how the brain selects actions given the information about the perceived state of the world and how it learns and adapts these selections to changes in this environment. This lea ...
Delineation of motoneuron subgroups supplying
... Eye movements are essential for vision, because they direct the fovea to a visual target, and stabilize gaze during locomotion to compensate for head and body movements (Leigh and Zee, 2006; Horn and Leigh, 2011). The motor and premotor pathways for several eye movement types, e.g. saccades and the ...
... Eye movements are essential for vision, because they direct the fovea to a visual target, and stabilize gaze during locomotion to compensate for head and body movements (Leigh and Zee, 2006; Horn and Leigh, 2011). The motor and premotor pathways for several eye movement types, e.g. saccades and the ...
Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review
... approach to or avoid from the goal or in the discrepancy between the expectation of reward and the obtained result, this system inhibits the ongoing behaviors and switches the behaviors of the individual animals into the stop-and-explore mode. The animals fall into the state of anxiety while the con ...
... approach to or avoid from the goal or in the discrepancy between the expectation of reward and the obtained result, this system inhibits the ongoing behaviors and switches the behaviors of the individual animals into the stop-and-explore mode. The animals fall into the state of anxiety while the con ...
Hikosaka O - lsr
... of the globus pallidus (GPb), more specifically, by neurons located between the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus45. These GPb neurons in turn receive input from the striatum, presumably from the subterritory known as the ‘striosome’46. Second, the inhibitory effect of LHb neuron ...
... of the globus pallidus (GPb), more specifically, by neurons located between the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus45. These GPb neurons in turn receive input from the striatum, presumably from the subterritory known as the ‘striosome’46. Second, the inhibitory effect of LHb neuron ...
NEOCORTEX
... primary visual cortex, or by myeloarchitectonics, as in the case of the middle temporal visual area (MT). Other areas, such as area 18 in the monkey, can only be subdivided by more elaborate immunochemical, histological, or physiological methods. In a planar view, the map of these architectonically ...
... primary visual cortex, or by myeloarchitectonics, as in the case of the middle temporal visual area (MT). Other areas, such as area 18 in the monkey, can only be subdivided by more elaborate immunochemical, histological, or physiological methods. In a planar view, the map of these architectonically ...
Duration Sensitivity to Other Response Properties of the Rat
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
Circuits through prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and ventral anterior
... the white matter and other structures en route to the injection site. Several precautions were taken to prevent leakage of the tracer along the needle tract. First, we simulated injections outside the brain to determine when tracer first filled the needle bevel. The tracer was then withdrawn until t ...
... the white matter and other structures en route to the injection site. Several precautions were taken to prevent leakage of the tracer along the needle tract. First, we simulated injections outside the brain to determine when tracer first filled the needle bevel. The tracer was then withdrawn until t ...
Gustatory Processing in Drosophila Higher Brain Centers By
... was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation. These genetic studies, and many others like them, have produced profound insights into ...
... was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation. These genetic studies, and many others like them, have produced profound insights into ...