Reduced Levels of Acetylcholine Receptor Expression in Chick
... Nicotinic ACh receptor (AChR) levels and properties are developmentally regulated in both nicotinic cholinergic neurons and skeletal muscle. In muscle, signalsfrom the presynaptic motoneuron influence AChR gene transcription and the number, subunit composition, functional properties, metabolic stabi ...
... Nicotinic ACh receptor (AChR) levels and properties are developmentally regulated in both nicotinic cholinergic neurons and skeletal muscle. In muscle, signalsfrom the presynaptic motoneuron influence AChR gene transcription and the number, subunit composition, functional properties, metabolic stabi ...
Glycemic State Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
... sympathetic neurons, showing that fibers emerging from sympathetic ganglion cells in chick embryos were observed to grow directionally towards sarcomas that provide favorable medium for nerve fiber outgrowth at the base of limb buds (103). Since this time, other neurotrophic factors have been descri ...
... sympathetic neurons, showing that fibers emerging from sympathetic ganglion cells in chick embryos were observed to grow directionally towards sarcomas that provide favorable medium for nerve fiber outgrowth at the base of limb buds (103). Since this time, other neurotrophic factors have been descri ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... in each block of four stimuli was classified as a 1-Hz stimulus because it was preceded by an interval of 1 s or longer in which no stimuli were administered. Each stimulus moved the whiskers in the caudal direction (1.5 mm) during the first 25 ms and then allowed them to return to the original rest ...
... in each block of four stimuli was classified as a 1-Hz stimulus because it was preceded by an interval of 1 s or longer in which no stimuli were administered. Each stimulus moved the whiskers in the caudal direction (1.5 mm) during the first 25 ms and then allowed them to return to the original rest ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... needed to collect from each brain for the present goal of comparing the distribution of inputs was the position of each labeled cell body. Therefore, we only needed to image with sufficient resolution to distinguish every cell body throughout the brain (Figure 2C). This resulted in ~2Tb of image dat ...
... needed to collect from each brain for the present goal of comparing the distribution of inputs was the position of each labeled cell body. Therefore, we only needed to image with sufficient resolution to distinguish every cell body throughout the brain (Figure 2C). This resulted in ~2Tb of image dat ...
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool
... still in its traditional way and analyze grapho-elements at certain electrodes and latencies. We here show that this way of using the EEG is not only dangerous because it leads to misinterpretations, but it is also largely ignoring the spatial aspects of the signals. In fact, EEG primarily measures ...
... still in its traditional way and analyze grapho-elements at certain electrodes and latencies. We here show that this way of using the EEG is not only dangerous because it leads to misinterpretations, but it is also largely ignoring the spatial aspects of the signals. In fact, EEG primarily measures ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... The preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus and the adjacent basal forebrain (BFB) play an important role in the regulation of homeostatic and cognitive processes, including blood pressure, thermoregulation, sexual behavior, attention, learning, and cortical activity (Boulant and Dean, 1986 ...
... The preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus and the adjacent basal forebrain (BFB) play an important role in the regulation of homeostatic and cognitive processes, including blood pressure, thermoregulation, sexual behavior, attention, learning, and cortical activity (Boulant and Dean, 1986 ...
4 Aromatic Amino Acids in the Brain - Wurtman Lab
... Abstract: This chapter describes the aromatic L‐amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine and the effects on tyrosine metabolism of phenylalanine. Tryptophan and phenylalanine are essential amino acids and must ultimately be derived from dietary proteins; tyrosine is obtained both from dietary proteins an ...
... Abstract: This chapter describes the aromatic L‐amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine and the effects on tyrosine metabolism of phenylalanine. Tryptophan and phenylalanine are essential amino acids and must ultimately be derived from dietary proteins; tyrosine is obtained both from dietary proteins an ...
Segregated cholinergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area
... Following light stimulation of cholinergic axons from either the PPN or LDT we observed both excitatory and inhibitory responses in both DA and non-DA neurons, although the proportions varied slightly. No responses were observed when cholinergic neurons were transduced only with the fluorescent repo ...
... Following light stimulation of cholinergic axons from either the PPN or LDT we observed both excitatory and inhibitory responses in both DA and non-DA neurons, although the proportions varied slightly. No responses were observed when cholinergic neurons were transduced only with the fluorescent repo ...
Afferent Input to Nucleus Submedius in Rats
... chosen because of the ability to restrict the size and spread of the injections (Schmued and Fallon, 1986; Pieribone and Aston-Jones, 1988). Glass micropipettes with tip diameters of approximately 10 pm were used. In each case, Fluoro-Gold was iontophoretically injected using approximately 48 PA-min ...
... chosen because of the ability to restrict the size and spread of the injections (Schmued and Fallon, 1986; Pieribone and Aston-Jones, 1988). Glass micropipettes with tip diameters of approximately 10 pm were used. In each case, Fluoro-Gold was iontophoretically injected using approximately 48 PA-min ...
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs): The three musketeers of
... worked with VGLUT1-/- autaptic culture (where neurons make synapses between axons and cell bodies from which they arise) from hippocampal neurons and were able to detect small EPSCs in the majority of cells due to the exocytosis of partially filled vesicles expressing VGLUT2 (Wojcik et al. 2004). He ...
... worked with VGLUT1-/- autaptic culture (where neurons make synapses between axons and cell bodies from which they arise) from hippocampal neurons and were able to detect small EPSCs in the majority of cells due to the exocytosis of partially filled vesicles expressing VGLUT2 (Wojcik et al. 2004). He ...
FREE Sample Here
... 31. When a neuron fires, it fires in a(n) __________ fashion as there is no such thing as “partial” firing. a) all-or-none Correct. This is the term used to describe how neurons fire according to the book. b) rapid fire c) accidental patterned d) quick successioned Incorrect. This is not the term re ...
... 31. When a neuron fires, it fires in a(n) __________ fashion as there is no such thing as “partial” firing. a) all-or-none Correct. This is the term used to describe how neurons fire according to the book. b) rapid fire c) accidental patterned d) quick successioned Incorrect. This is not the term re ...
Understanding Opioid Reward Howard L. Fields and Elyssa B
... mechanism that does not require dopamine. Unfortunately, our knowledge of the non-dopaminergic VTA circuitry supporting MOP positive reinforcement is currently extremely limited. Dopamine neuron firing can encode positive outcomes and produce positive reinforcement Although some pharmacological man ...
... mechanism that does not require dopamine. Unfortunately, our knowledge of the non-dopaminergic VTA circuitry supporting MOP positive reinforcement is currently extremely limited. Dopamine neuron firing can encode positive outcomes and produce positive reinforcement Although some pharmacological man ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
... prevent ischemic or “anoxic” depolarization (AD) propagating across grey matter. Recently our laboratory became aware of a marine poison whose molecular action is well characterized but has escaped scrutiny by neuroscientists. We hypothesized that this toxin could provide insight as to how ischemia ...
... prevent ischemic or “anoxic” depolarization (AD) propagating across grey matter. Recently our laboratory became aware of a marine poison whose molecular action is well characterized but has escaped scrutiny by neuroscientists. We hypothesized that this toxin could provide insight as to how ischemia ...
PDF
... of proNGF on two well-characterised populations of NGFdependent neurons cultured at stages throughout late fetal and early postnatal development. The neurons of the trigeminal ganglion and superior cervical ganglion (SCG) provide somatosensory and sympathetic innervation, respectively, to a diversit ...
... of proNGF on two well-characterised populations of NGFdependent neurons cultured at stages throughout late fetal and early postnatal development. The neurons of the trigeminal ganglion and superior cervical ganglion (SCG) provide somatosensory and sympathetic innervation, respectively, to a diversit ...
The mirror neuron system and its role in learning Master`s thesis by
... using more single cell recordings in monkeys, but later also through the use of non-invasive brain imaging techniques. Especially when research started with the aim to find a similar mechanism in the human brain. Soon after the discovery of mirror neurons in the monkey brain it was already suggested ...
... using more single cell recordings in monkeys, but later also through the use of non-invasive brain imaging techniques. Especially when research started with the aim to find a similar mechanism in the human brain. Soon after the discovery of mirror neurons in the monkey brain it was already suggested ...
PDF - Kalina Christoff
... purpose of this chapter is to review this small but growing body of functional neuroimaging research, and address two key questions. The first is whether differential neural correlates accompany the various ...
... purpose of this chapter is to review this small but growing body of functional neuroimaging research, and address two key questions. The first is whether differential neural correlates accompany the various ...
the phase-space dynamics of systems of spiking neurons
... This thesis investigates the dynamics of systems of neurons in the brain. It considers two questions: (1) Are there coherent spatiotemporal structures in the dynamics of neuronal systems that can denote discrete computational states, and (2) If such structures exist, what restrictions do the dynamic ...
... This thesis investigates the dynamics of systems of neurons in the brain. It considers two questions: (1) Are there coherent spatiotemporal structures in the dynamics of neuronal systems that can denote discrete computational states, and (2) If such structures exist, what restrictions do the dynamic ...
world-of-psychology-7th-edition-wood-test-bank
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine
... we have evaluated the effects of systemic nicotine on VTA DA neuronal Functionally, the mPFC and VTA have been shown to be firing, and our data show that, under chloral hydrate anesthesia, systemic closely coupled (Peters et al., 2004; Gao et al., 2007). Stimulation nicotine exposure excites all rec ...
... we have evaluated the effects of systemic nicotine on VTA DA neuronal Functionally, the mPFC and VTA have been shown to be firing, and our data show that, under chloral hydrate anesthesia, systemic closely coupled (Peters et al., 2004; Gao et al., 2007). Stimulation nicotine exposure excites all rec ...
Chapter 2: Biological Bases of Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1
... b. Charles’ cognitive function will deteriorate, but his personality should not dramatically change. c. Charles will have to take medication for many months, but it is possible to cure his disease. d. The course of Alzheimer’s is difficult to describe. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's: Understand REF: 2.1 ...
... b. Charles’ cognitive function will deteriorate, but his personality should not dramatically change. c. Charles will have to take medication for many months, but it is possible to cure his disease. d. The course of Alzheimer’s is difficult to describe. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's: Understand REF: 2.1 ...
Hindbrain Glucoprivation Effects on Gastric Vagal Reflex Circuits
... Until recently, there would have been nearly unanimous agreement that the cells responsible for sensing, signaling, and transmitting data concerning glucose availability are neurons. However, a provocative paper by Marty et al. (2005) has thrown the primacy of central hypoglycemia detection into que ...
... Until recently, there would have been nearly unanimous agreement that the cells responsible for sensing, signaling, and transmitting data concerning glucose availability are neurons. However, a provocative paper by Marty et al. (2005) has thrown the primacy of central hypoglycemia detection into que ...