Mirror neurons in monkey area F5 do not adapt to the observation of
... the monkeys saw a movie (Fig. 1a) that started with the presentation of an object (a pepper). Then a hand entered the scene, reached out for the object, grasped it without moving it and finally withdrew without the object. The movie ended with the pepper left on the screen. After 640 ms the same movi ...
... the monkeys saw a movie (Fig. 1a) that started with the presentation of an object (a pepper). Then a hand entered the scene, reached out for the object, grasped it without moving it and finally withdrew without the object. The movie ended with the pepper left on the screen. After 640 ms the same movi ...
Structural Correlates of Efficient GABAergic Transmission in the
... pathway can be a valid model of the primate condition, when the mechanism of GABAergic transmission is studied. Key words: spillover; driver; axon terminal; active zone; substantia nigra; Parkinson’s disease ...
... pathway can be a valid model of the primate condition, when the mechanism of GABAergic transmission is studied. Key words: spillover; driver; axon terminal; active zone; substantia nigra; Parkinson’s disease ...
Direct Inhibition Evoked by Whisker Stimulation in Somatic Sensory
... inhibition evoked by whisker stimulation in somatic sensory (SI) barrel field cortex of the awake rat. J Neurophysiol 84: 1497–1504, 2000. Whisker deflection typically evokes a transient volley of action potentials in rat somatic sensory (SI) barrel cortex. Postexcitatory inhibition is thought to qu ...
... inhibition evoked by whisker stimulation in somatic sensory (SI) barrel field cortex of the awake rat. J Neurophysiol 84: 1497–1504, 2000. Whisker deflection typically evokes a transient volley of action potentials in rat somatic sensory (SI) barrel cortex. Postexcitatory inhibition is thought to qu ...
Dopamine D2 Receptor Priming Enhances Dopaminergic Response
... to 50% of patient populations (Siegfried 1998). Schizophrenia is one of the most common dually diagnosed mental illnesses (Cuffel 1996). Dopamine has been implicated in psychosis as being increased in its activity (Schmitt et al. 2009). This increased activity has been debated, but most agree that t ...
... to 50% of patient populations (Siegfried 1998). Schizophrenia is one of the most common dually diagnosed mental illnesses (Cuffel 1996). Dopamine has been implicated in psychosis as being increased in its activity (Schmitt et al. 2009). This increased activity has been debated, but most agree that t ...
Local network regulation of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus
... release would be favored. This will initially induce an inhibitory postsynaptic response due to the inhibitory actions of dynorphin and N/OFQ, masking the excitatory orexin effect. However, during a prolonged firing activity, -receptors will be desensitized and the excitatory orexin effect will eve ...
... release would be favored. This will initially induce an inhibitory postsynaptic response due to the inhibitory actions of dynorphin and N/OFQ, masking the excitatory orexin effect. However, during a prolonged firing activity, -receptors will be desensitized and the excitatory orexin effect will eve ...
UNRAVELING THE SENSE OF SMELL
... change in the structure of an odorant can change its perceived odor. For example, the close relative of a chemical that is perceived as pear can have the scent of an apple. In addition to odorants, the olfactory system detects pheromones, chemicals that are released from animals and act on members o ...
... change in the structure of an odorant can change its perceived odor. For example, the close relative of a chemical that is perceived as pear can have the scent of an apple. In addition to odorants, the olfactory system detects pheromones, chemicals that are released from animals and act on members o ...
I Know What You Are Doing: A - Università degli Studi di Parma
... action across many instances of it. What can be the functional role of mirror neurons? The hypothesis has been advanced that these neurons are part of a system that recognizes actions performed by others. This recognition is achieved by matching the observed action on neurons motorically coding the ...
... action across many instances of it. What can be the functional role of mirror neurons? The hypothesis has been advanced that these neurons are part of a system that recognizes actions performed by others. This recognition is achieved by matching the observed action on neurons motorically coding the ...
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity in
... tasks. This phenomenon appears to reflect the brain’s ability to predict future events. However, what actually is predicted is unknown. Using a memory-guided saccade task, in which only one out of four directions was rewarded in each block of trials, we found that a group of neurons in the monkey ca ...
... tasks. This phenomenon appears to reflect the brain’s ability to predict future events. However, what actually is predicted is unknown. Using a memory-guided saccade task, in which only one out of four directions was rewarded in each block of trials, we found that a group of neurons in the monkey ca ...
Huffman PowerPoint Slides
... Karen Huffman, Mark Vernoy, and Judith Vernoy © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman/Vernoy/Vernoy: Psychology in Action 5e ...
... Karen Huffman, Mark Vernoy, and Judith Vernoy © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman/Vernoy/Vernoy: Psychology in Action 5e ...
Differential effects of nicotine on the activity of substantia nigra and
... Fig. 1. Identification of SNc and VTA dopaminergic neurons. (A) Transverse section (150 mm) of the rat forebrain viewed under brightfield illumination. The needle track (Fluoro-Gold injection) is marked by arrows. (B) The same section viewed under epifluorescence, showing a deposit of Fluoro-Gold 3 ...
... Fig. 1. Identification of SNc and VTA dopaminergic neurons. (A) Transverse section (150 mm) of the rat forebrain viewed under brightfield illumination. The needle track (Fluoro-Gold injection) is marked by arrows. (B) The same section viewed under epifluorescence, showing a deposit of Fluoro-Gold 3 ...
Effects of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MCPG
... release of intracellular calcium stores (Berridge, 1984). Thus, it has been suggested that differences in the pattern or amount of mGluR-mediated PI turnover might account for the quantitative differences in synaptic plasticity at different ages (Dudek and Bear, 1989; Bear and Dudek, 1991). Mechanis ...
... release of intracellular calcium stores (Berridge, 1984). Thus, it has been suggested that differences in the pattern or amount of mGluR-mediated PI turnover might account for the quantitative differences in synaptic plasticity at different ages (Dudek and Bear, 1989; Bear and Dudek, 1991). Mechanis ...
A Fast, Reciprocal Pathway between the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
... collision trials (red traces). In a collision trial, a spontaneous spike from the recorded cortical neuron triggers the electrical shock. If the neuron is a GR neuron that receives feedforward input from the LGN, then the spontaneous spike will not affect the propagation of the orthodromic spike and ...
... collision trials (red traces). In a collision trial, a spontaneous spike from the recorded cortical neuron triggers the electrical shock. If the neuron is a GR neuron that receives feedforward input from the LGN, then the spontaneous spike will not affect the propagation of the orthodromic spike and ...
Aggregate Input-Output Models of Neuronal Populations
... limited measures that provide snapshots of interactions between individual neurons from different regions. They shed insight into neural communication but do not explicitly provide a model that predicts how one region’s activity impacts another. Different models have been proposed over the years to ...
... limited measures that provide snapshots of interactions between individual neurons from different regions. They shed insight into neural communication but do not explicitly provide a model that predicts how one region’s activity impacts another. Different models have been proposed over the years to ...
A Monosynaptic GABAergic Input from the Inferior Colliculus to the
... inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in morphologically identified thalamocortical relay neurons. The inhibitory potentials cannot ...
... inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in morphologically identified thalamocortical relay neurons. The inhibitory potentials cannot ...
Polarization-sensitive and light-sensitive neurons in two parallel
... pathways to the central complex include signal processing in the upper and lower units of the anterior optic tubercle. To determine whether these pathways carry polarization-vision signals, we have recorded the responses of interneurons of the optic tubercle of the locust to visual stimuli including ...
... pathways to the central complex include signal processing in the upper and lower units of the anterior optic tubercle. To determine whether these pathways carry polarization-vision signals, we have recorded the responses of interneurons of the optic tubercle of the locust to visual stimuli including ...
Mental Processes -- How the Mind Arises from the Brain Roger Ellman
... individual specific cases, examples, with universals. Perception particularly includes the proper identifying or recognizing of examples that have not previously been specifically experienced. Humans perceive, recognize, a very large number of universals, of course. Some examples, in order to clarif ...
... individual specific cases, examples, with universals. Perception particularly includes the proper identifying or recognizing of examples that have not previously been specifically experienced. Humans perceive, recognize, a very large number of universals, of course. Some examples, in order to clarif ...
Electrophysiological Identification of Tonic and Phasic Neurons in
... 2007). Little concern is paid on the regulation of sensory information mediated by action potentials in soma itself. Results from spinal cord indicated that different neuronal firing patterns performed distinct nociceptive sensory processing with unknown mechanism (Ruscheweyh and Sandkuhler 2002, Pr ...
... 2007). Little concern is paid on the regulation of sensory information mediated by action potentials in soma itself. Results from spinal cord indicated that different neuronal firing patterns performed distinct nociceptive sensory processing with unknown mechanism (Ruscheweyh and Sandkuhler 2002, Pr ...
Document
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
Caffeine promotes glutamate and histamine release in the posterior
... administration, animals were deeply anesthetized (pentobarbital sodium, 100 mg/kg ip) and transcardially perfused with 0.1 M PBS. The brain tissue obtained from experimental and control animals was processed together (at least two animals per batch) for immunostaining. Brain sections were cut at 30 ...
... administration, animals were deeply anesthetized (pentobarbital sodium, 100 mg/kg ip) and transcardially perfused with 0.1 M PBS. The brain tissue obtained from experimental and control animals was processed together (at least two animals per batch) for immunostaining. Brain sections were cut at 30 ...
Umami, a taste unto itself
... These subunits activate an intracellular membrane-bound enzyme, phospholipase C2. This enzyme in turn cleaves PIP2 into IP3 and diacylglycerol. IP3 is a diffusible messenger that migrates through the cytosol to intracellular caches of calcium, typically endoplasmic reticulum. IP3 acts on its own rec ...
... These subunits activate an intracellular membrane-bound enzyme, phospholipase C2. This enzyme in turn cleaves PIP2 into IP3 and diacylglycerol. IP3 is a diffusible messenger that migrates through the cytosol to intracellular caches of calcium, typically endoplasmic reticulum. IP3 acts on its own rec ...
Networks of Spiking Neurons: The Third Generation of
... However, at least with regard to fast analog computations by networks of neurons in the cortex, the "firing rate interpretation" itself has become questionable. Perrett, Rolls, and Caan (1982) and Thorpe and Imbert (1989) have demonstrated that visual pattern analysis and pattern classification can ...
... However, at least with regard to fast analog computations by networks of neurons in the cortex, the "firing rate interpretation" itself has become questionable. Perrett, Rolls, and Caan (1982) and Thorpe and Imbert (1989) have demonstrated that visual pattern analysis and pattern classification can ...
Inhibition of central neurons is reduced following acoustic trauma
... upper cutoff frequency (22 kHz in Fig. 2E). The upper frequency edge of the response is sharp at all levels with inhibition sometimes visible at higher frequencies. Auditory nerve fibers in ears with acoustic trauma often show tuning curves with similar low-pass behavior, appearing to be derived fro ...
... upper cutoff frequency (22 kHz in Fig. 2E). The upper frequency edge of the response is sharp at all levels with inhibition sometimes visible at higher frequencies. Auditory nerve fibers in ears with acoustic trauma often show tuning curves with similar low-pass behavior, appearing to be derived fro ...
Astrocytes - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... is unknown. Because the ratio of NaⳭ to KⳭ channels is low in adult astrocytes, these cells are not capable of regenerative electrical responses like the action potential. One consequence of the high KⳭ selectivity of astrocytes, compared to neurons, is that the membrane voltage of astrocytes is mor ...
... is unknown. Because the ratio of NaⳭ to KⳭ channels is low in adult astrocytes, these cells are not capable of regenerative electrical responses like the action potential. One consequence of the high KⳭ selectivity of astrocytes, compared to neurons, is that the membrane voltage of astrocytes is mor ...
Do distinct populations of dorsal root ganglion neurons account for
... peptidergic nerve fibers and the TRPV1 channels, we are unfortunately still lacking information about the afferent fibers and respective neurons involved, their specific characteristics, and in how far organ specificities with respect to sensitivity, e.g., in the kidney occur. It is widely accepted ...
... peptidergic nerve fibers and the TRPV1 channels, we are unfortunately still lacking information about the afferent fibers and respective neurons involved, their specific characteristics, and in how far organ specificities with respect to sensitivity, e.g., in the kidney occur. It is widely accepted ...
Number, size and distribution of ganglion neurons in urinary bladder
... The mean areas of the urinary bladders, the mean number of neurons and the mean number of ganglia obtained from the three species are presented in Table I, together with the mean area of the nerve cell bodies. While. 2043 neurons per bladder were seen in the Guinea-pig, they were 1593 in the C57/ BL ...
... The mean areas of the urinary bladders, the mean number of neurons and the mean number of ganglia obtained from the three species are presented in Table I, together with the mean area of the nerve cell bodies. While. 2043 neurons per bladder were seen in the Guinea-pig, they were 1593 in the C57/ BL ...