Estrogen Actions Throughout the Brain
... in animal models and clinical studies that estrogens exert many actions outside of reproductive function, including actions on brain areas that are important for learning and memory and for emotions and affective state as well as motor coordination and pain sensitivity. These effects reflect the act ...
... in animal models and clinical studies that estrogens exert many actions outside of reproductive function, including actions on brain areas that are important for learning and memory and for emotions and affective state as well as motor coordination and pain sensitivity. These effects reflect the act ...
Viewpoint Synaptic Connectivity and Neuronal Morphology: Two
... axonal diameter, d ⫽ 0.3 m (Braitenberg and Schüz, 1998), and N ⫽ 105 into Equation 7 yields a cortical column size of R ⫽ 0.7 mm, which is smaller than for the axons-only network and close to actual size. This estimate is not right, however, because it ignores the fact that the dendritic diameter ...
... axonal diameter, d ⫽ 0.3 m (Braitenberg and Schüz, 1998), and N ⫽ 105 into Equation 7 yields a cortical column size of R ⫽ 0.7 mm, which is smaller than for the axons-only network and close to actual size. This estimate is not right, however, because it ignores the fact that the dendritic diameter ...
The beginning of connectomics: a commentary on White
... she liked to work on puzzles at home. She generated electron micrographs from Nichol’s series of sections and printed them as large, 12 16 inch glossy prints. Brenner had originally traced the images onto transparent overlays and marked the overlays with wax pencils or felt tip pens. But the penci ...
... she liked to work on puzzles at home. She generated electron micrographs from Nichol’s series of sections and printed them as large, 12 16 inch glossy prints. Brenner had originally traced the images onto transparent overlays and marked the overlays with wax pencils or felt tip pens. But the penci ...
Deep sequencing of transcriptomes from the nervous systems of two
... neuron properties to behavior. However, lack of molecular sequence information and tools have slowed the adoption of these physiological systems as molecular model systems. In this study, we sequenced and performed de novo assembly for the nervous system transcriptomes of two decapod crustaceans: th ...
... neuron properties to behavior. However, lack of molecular sequence information and tools have slowed the adoption of these physiological systems as molecular model systems. In this study, we sequenced and performed de novo assembly for the nervous system transcriptomes of two decapod crustaceans: th ...
Parallel Transformation of Tactile Signals in Central Circuits of
... Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed as previously described (Wilson et al., 2004), with some modifications. Flies were cold-anesthetized and fixed to the underside of a custom-milled steel platform (0.001” thickness). The fly was mounted with its ventral side facing up, using UV-cured g ...
... Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed as previously described (Wilson et al., 2004), with some modifications. Flies were cold-anesthetized and fixed to the underside of a custom-milled steel platform (0.001” thickness). The fly was mounted with its ventral side facing up, using UV-cured g ...
Optical quantal analysis of synaptic transmission in wild
... the various imaging methods, experiments have usually been limited to either the measurement of average cumulative changes in fluorescence, induced by hundreds of action potentials, or higher-resolution, singleaction-potential imaging of only a handful of synaptic release sites. Additionally, the c ...
... the various imaging methods, experiments have usually been limited to either the measurement of average cumulative changes in fluorescence, induced by hundreds of action potentials, or higher-resolution, singleaction-potential imaging of only a handful of synaptic release sites. Additionally, the c ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for
... increased synaptic depression and reduced synapse number. Ultrastructurally, cla-‐1 mutants have fewer ...
... increased synaptic depression and reduced synapse number. Ultrastructurally, cla-‐1 mutants have fewer ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for synaptic
... increased synaptic depression and reduced synapse number. Ultrastructurally, cla-‐1 mutants have fewer ...
... increased synaptic depression and reduced synapse number. Ultrastructurally, cla-‐1 mutants have fewer ...
Synaptic Regulation of Action Potential Timing in
... yielding tip resistances of 5– 8 MV. Series resistance (15–30 MV) was monitored throughout the recording, and neurons exhibiting .25% change were rejected. Voltage errors attributable to series resistance and the liquid junction potential were subtracted off-line. In some instances in which the reve ...
... yielding tip resistances of 5– 8 MV. Series resistance (15–30 MV) was monitored throughout the recording, and neurons exhibiting .25% change were rejected. Voltage errors attributable to series resistance and the liquid junction potential were subtracted off-line. In some instances in which the reve ...
THE YIN AND YANG OF NEUROTROPHIN ACTION
... was a significant decrease in the co-localization of BDNF and the secretory granule marker, and in regulated secretion36. Although the Val–Met mutation selectively impaired the regulated secretion of BDNF without a compensatory increase in constitutive secretion9,31, disrupting the interaction betwe ...
... was a significant decrease in the co-localization of BDNF and the secretory granule marker, and in regulated secretion36. Although the Val–Met mutation selectively impaired the regulated secretion of BDNF without a compensatory increase in constitutive secretion9,31, disrupting the interaction betwe ...
Cortico–basal ganglia circuit mechanism for a decision threshold in
... model for the superior colliculus burst cells, and we tested the hypothesis that these burst cells are suitable for reading out threshold crossing in upstream neurons. Furthermore, the superior colliculus is known to be under the control of the basal ganglia, which have a critical role in voluntary ...
... model for the superior colliculus burst cells, and we tested the hypothesis that these burst cells are suitable for reading out threshold crossing in upstream neurons. Furthermore, the superior colliculus is known to be under the control of the basal ganglia, which have a critical role in voluntary ...
A Model of a Segmental Oscillator in the Leech Heartbeat Neuronal
... cord (Fig. 1A). The oscillations of the timing network originate from the activity of neuronal networks located in the third and fourth ganglia (Peterson, 1983a, 1983b). When isolated, either of these ganglia can produce oscillations similar in period and voltage waveform to those produced when the ...
... cord (Fig. 1A). The oscillations of the timing network originate from the activity of neuronal networks located in the third and fourth ganglia (Peterson, 1983a, 1983b). When isolated, either of these ganglia can produce oscillations similar in period and voltage waveform to those produced when the ...
Effects of excess vitamin B6 intake on cerebral cortex neurons in rat
... Growing evidence shows that the putative monoamine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are formed through decarboxylation of precursor amino-acid derivatives. Pyridoxine plays an important role in the metabolism of neurot ...
... Growing evidence shows that the putative monoamine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are formed through decarboxylation of precursor amino-acid derivatives. Pyridoxine plays an important role in the metabolism of neurot ...
Burst Firing and Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Cat Striate
... indicated a possible direct connection. Only two multiunit groups contained no shifted peaks. Burst activity, defined by groups of two or more spikes with intervals of °8 ms from any single neuron, was analyzed in terms of its effectiveness in eliciting a spike from a second, driven neuron. We defin ...
... indicated a possible direct connection. Only two multiunit groups contained no shifted peaks. Burst activity, defined by groups of two or more spikes with intervals of °8 ms from any single neuron, was analyzed in terms of its effectiveness in eliciting a spike from a second, driven neuron. We defin ...
Glia-Derived D-Serine Controls NMDA Receptor Activity and
... 1987; Miazaki et al., 1999). Incubation of brain stem slices (see Supplemental Experimental Procedures) with GO significantly increased the AMPA/NMDA ratio measured in NTS neurons (from 2.1 ± 0.2, n = 11, to 3.3 ± 0.3, n = 8; p < 0.05; Figure S3), indicating that ambient glycine modulates NMDARs in ...
... 1987; Miazaki et al., 1999). Incubation of brain stem slices (see Supplemental Experimental Procedures) with GO significantly increased the AMPA/NMDA ratio measured in NTS neurons (from 2.1 ± 0.2, n = 11, to 3.3 ± 0.3, n = 8; p < 0.05; Figure S3), indicating that ambient glycine modulates NMDARs in ...
Dopamine Receptor–Mediated Mechanisms Involved in the
... Responses to sound by tonically active neurons (TANs), a class of neurons in the primate striatum, were recorded through a tungsten wire electrode during the application of either D1- or D2-class DA receptor antagonists (total volume õ1 ml, at a rate of 1 ml/5– 10 min). Application of the D2-class a ...
... Responses to sound by tonically active neurons (TANs), a class of neurons in the primate striatum, were recorded through a tungsten wire electrode during the application of either D1- or D2-class DA receptor antagonists (total volume õ1 ml, at a rate of 1 ml/5– 10 min). Application of the D2-class a ...
The Rat Ventromedial Thalamic Nucleus and Motor Control: Role of
... Chiara et al., 1977), the VM as the major thalamic target of the GABAergic nigrothalamic tract has gained increasing scientific interest. Several studies have been published in which the behavior of rats was studied following lesions of the VM or microinjections of GABA-specific compounds into the V ...
... Chiara et al., 1977), the VM as the major thalamic target of the GABAergic nigrothalamic tract has gained increasing scientific interest. Several studies have been published in which the behavior of rats was studied following lesions of the VM or microinjections of GABA-specific compounds into the V ...
PDF
... network behaviour. Pyramidal neurons, the most widespread excitatory neuron of the neocortex have multiple spike initiation zones, which interact via dendritic and somatic spikes actively propagating in all directions within the dendritic tree. For these neurons, therefore, both the location and tim ...
... network behaviour. Pyramidal neurons, the most widespread excitatory neuron of the neocortex have multiple spike initiation zones, which interact via dendritic and somatic spikes actively propagating in all directions within the dendritic tree. For these neurons, therefore, both the location and tim ...
35-2 The Nervous System
... The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli. ...
... The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli. ...
I. Neurons are the anatomical elements of neural systems
... side of the eye to run within the choroids as two long ciliary nerves. They exit the sclera on either side of the optic nerve, running back and medially to join the nasociliary nerve. d. Majority of fibers in the long ciliary nerves are from the cornea Stimulation of corneal or conjunctival nerve en ...
... side of the eye to run within the choroids as two long ciliary nerves. They exit the sclera on either side of the optic nerve, running back and medially to join the nasociliary nerve. d. Majority of fibers in the long ciliary nerves are from the cornea Stimulation of corneal or conjunctival nerve en ...
Neural Coding 2016
... All posters should be posted on Aug 29 in the morning. The posters can stay there for the whole conference but should be removed not later than Thursday Sep 1, 16:00, after the last session. Lunches will be served in the Canteen (“Mensa”) of the University of Cologne, which is across Zülpicher Straß ...
... All posters should be posted on Aug 29 in the morning. The posters can stay there for the whole conference but should be removed not later than Thursday Sep 1, 16:00, after the last session. Lunches will be served in the Canteen (“Mensa”) of the University of Cologne, which is across Zülpicher Straß ...
fulltext
... and control various aspects of neuronal activity to decipher their correlation to behavior. The Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2) packages glutamate into presynaptic vesicles for axonal terminal release. In this thesis, VGLUT2 was used to specifically target cell populations within the basa ...
... and control various aspects of neuronal activity to decipher their correlation to behavior. The Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2) packages glutamate into presynaptic vesicles for axonal terminal release. In this thesis, VGLUT2 was used to specifically target cell populations within the basa ...
Control of Wake and Sleep States
... Sleep induction is mediated by homeostatic factors adenosine and nitric oxide in BF and neocortex and by increased activity of median pro-optic nucleus GABA neurons that inhibit the wake-promoting neurons of ARAS. Circadian influences are mediated by direct retinal and indirect SCN projections to GA ...
... Sleep induction is mediated by homeostatic factors adenosine and nitric oxide in BF and neocortex and by increased activity of median pro-optic nucleus GABA neurons that inhibit the wake-promoting neurons of ARAS. Circadian influences are mediated by direct retinal and indirect SCN projections to GA ...
Sample Chapter 8 from the Textbook
... processed at a subconscious level. 2. Integrate information. The brain and spinal cord are the major organs for processing sensory input and initiating responses. The input may produce an immediate response, be stored as memory, or be ignored. 3. Control muscles and glands. Skeletal muscles normally ...
... processed at a subconscious level. 2. Integrate information. The brain and spinal cord are the major organs for processing sensory input and initiating responses. The input may produce an immediate response, be stored as memory, or be ignored. 3. Control muscles and glands. Skeletal muscles normally ...