Turtle Dorsal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons Comprise Two Distinct Cell
... Pyramidal Neuron Subtypes in Visual Cortex ...
... Pyramidal Neuron Subtypes in Visual Cortex ...
An Integrate-and-fire Model of Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Activity during Performance of Goal-directed
... presses a key; (ii) rewarded non-movement stimulus (Srnm), whereby reward is given if the monkey chooses not to press the key; (ii) unrewarded movement stimulus (Surm), whereby the reward is not given but the key press is still required. Unless the movement is performed in the Surm trial, another un ...
... presses a key; (ii) rewarded non-movement stimulus (Srnm), whereby reward is given if the monkey chooses not to press the key; (ii) unrewarded movement stimulus (Surm), whereby the reward is not given but the key press is still required. Unless the movement is performed in the Surm trial, another un ...
Climbing Neuronal Activity as an Event
... the length of the delay period. This is in agreement with the scaling property of interval timing found in psychophysical studies on humans (Rakitin et al., 1998) and recently confirmed by in vivo experiments with monkeys (Leon and Shadlen, 2003). When the duration of a time interval is estimated, t ...
... the length of the delay period. This is in agreement with the scaling property of interval timing found in psychophysical studies on humans (Rakitin et al., 1998) and recently confirmed by in vivo experiments with monkeys (Leon and Shadlen, 2003). When the duration of a time interval is estimated, t ...
Can regenerating axons recapitulate developmental
... the neural pathway1,2. Basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGFs) and WNT proteins stimulate differentiation into anterior neural structures, whereas retinoids stimulate posterior neural fates 3–6. In the developing spinal cord, the floor plate and nearby notochord secrete sonic hedgehog (SHH), which s ...
... the neural pathway1,2. Basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGFs) and WNT proteins stimulate differentiation into anterior neural structures, whereas retinoids stimulate posterior neural fates 3–6. In the developing spinal cord, the floor plate and nearby notochord secrete sonic hedgehog (SHH), which s ...
Computation with Spikes in a Winner-Take-All Network
... Vk Vj or when neuron j initially receives an external input spike frequency that is higher than that to neuron k. A leaky integrate-and-fire model will ensure that all membrane potentials are discharged (Vi = 0) at the onset of a stimulus. The network will then select the winning neuron after recei ...
... Vk Vj or when neuron j initially receives an external input spike frequency that is higher than that to neuron k. A leaky integrate-and-fire model will ensure that all membrane potentials are discharged (Vi = 0) at the onset of a stimulus. The network will then select the winning neuron after recei ...
Glial cells modulate the synaptic transmission of NTS neurons
... showed that FAC reduced evoked and spontaneous ATP release. All together these data show that putative astrocytes are the source of endogenous ATP, which via activation of presynaptic P2X receptors, facilitates the evoked glutamate release and increases the synaptic transmission efficacy in the NTS- ...
... showed that FAC reduced evoked and spontaneous ATP release. All together these data show that putative astrocytes are the source of endogenous ATP, which via activation of presynaptic P2X receptors, facilitates the evoked glutamate release and increases the synaptic transmission efficacy in the NTS- ...
Are mesopontine cholinergic neurons either necessary or sufficient
... neuronal elements required are intact and functional), then blockade of the action of acetylcholine in the thalamus should block EEG desynchrony. In fact, it has long been known that systemic administration of the antimuscarinic compound atropine blocks EEG desynchrony during most waking behaviors,3 ...
... neuronal elements required are intact and functional), then blockade of the action of acetylcholine in the thalamus should block EEG desynchrony. In fact, it has long been known that systemic administration of the antimuscarinic compound atropine blocks EEG desynchrony during most waking behaviors,3 ...
IBRO 2008
... means of a specific sodium channel shRNA, also produces an increase in vGlut levels. This increase occurs specifically on boutons forming direct contacts onto the silent neuron. On the other hand, vGlut levels on the axonal output of the silent neuron did not change. Our studies reveal that both glo ...
... means of a specific sodium channel shRNA, also produces an increase in vGlut levels. This increase occurs specifically on boutons forming direct contacts onto the silent neuron. On the other hand, vGlut levels on the axonal output of the silent neuron did not change. Our studies reveal that both glo ...
Unit4Jeopardy
... the right order in writing and I couldn’t understand metaphorical poetry, I would need these two areas scanned, and I would have a problem called this. • QUESTION: What is Wernicke’s area, the angular gyrus, and aphasia? Answer ...
... the right order in writing and I couldn’t understand metaphorical poetry, I would need these two areas scanned, and I would have a problem called this. • QUESTION: What is Wernicke’s area, the angular gyrus, and aphasia? Answer ...
NIH Public Access
... The role of forebrain 5-HT1A heteroreceptors is less well understood, partially due to their complexity of action and a lack of region-specific knockouts. As previously mentioned, mPFC heteroreceptors serve an important role in negative feedback on the DRN [40], but heteroreceptor activation also af ...
... The role of forebrain 5-HT1A heteroreceptors is less well understood, partially due to their complexity of action and a lack of region-specific knockouts. As previously mentioned, mPFC heteroreceptors serve an important role in negative feedback on the DRN [40], but heteroreceptor activation also af ...
Effects of acetylcholine on neuronal properties in entorhinal cortex James G. Heys
... there are neurons in the MSDB that express a range of classical neurotransmitters and neurohormones, this review focuses on the population of putative cholinergic neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the separate population of GABAergic neurons expressing GAD, which together compr ...
... there are neurons in the MSDB that express a range of classical neurotransmitters and neurohormones, this review focuses on the population of putative cholinergic neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the separate population of GABAergic neurons expressing GAD, which together compr ...
Viral vector-based tools advance knowledge of basal ganglia
... which will also affect how these neurons respond to inputs (Bolam et al. 2000; Ellens and Leventhal 2013). Furthermore, some of these GABAergic neurons corelease a peptide, for example, somatostatin, which affects responses at postsynaptic neurons (Gittis et al. 2014; Lévesque and Parent 2005; Smith ...
... which will also affect how these neurons respond to inputs (Bolam et al. 2000; Ellens and Leventhal 2013). Furthermore, some of these GABAergic neurons corelease a peptide, for example, somatostatin, which affects responses at postsynaptic neurons (Gittis et al. 2014; Lévesque and Parent 2005; Smith ...
Nuclear receptor coactivators: Regulators of steroid action in brain
... support, SRC-1 knockout mice, while fertile, have decreased responsiveness in progestin target tissues (91) and partial resistance to thyroid hormone (92). It is important to note that in these mice SRC-2 is up-regulated in steroid sensitive tissues, including brain and testes, suggesting that incre ...
... support, SRC-1 knockout mice, while fertile, have decreased responsiveness in progestin target tissues (91) and partial resistance to thyroid hormone (92). It is important to note that in these mice SRC-2 is up-regulated in steroid sensitive tissues, including brain and testes, suggesting that incre ...
Supraspinal control of ejaculation
... 8-OH-DPAT burst firing of rat bulbospongiosus muscle Clement et al., 2006 JPET ...
... 8-OH-DPAT burst firing of rat bulbospongiosus muscle Clement et al., 2006 JPET ...
Table of Contents
... are mediated by the GABAA receptor, a GABA-gated chloride channel (Schofield et al., 1987). In vertebrate neurons, chloride ions are pumped out of the cell; thus, activation of GABA receptors will permit chloride to diffuse into the cell, hyperpolarize the membrane and decrease the excitability of t ...
... are mediated by the GABAA receptor, a GABA-gated chloride channel (Schofield et al., 1987). In vertebrate neurons, chloride ions are pumped out of the cell; thus, activation of GABA receptors will permit chloride to diffuse into the cell, hyperpolarize the membrane and decrease the excitability of t ...
Integrative neurobiology of energy homeostasis
... The brain needs to constantly obtain information about the energy status of the periphery to promote the appropriate responses, both in long-term processes (body weight maintenance) and short-term decisions (meal initiation and meal size). Afferent signals that convey information about body fuel sto ...
... The brain needs to constantly obtain information about the energy status of the periphery to promote the appropriate responses, both in long-term processes (body weight maintenance) and short-term decisions (meal initiation and meal size). Afferent signals that convey information about body fuel sto ...
NSS214 - National Open University of Nigeria
... The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. They receive input from sensory neurons, and direct the activity of motor neurons. Association neurons are present to "associate" appropriate motor responses with sensory stimuli. The early embryo contains an embryonic tissue la ...
... The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. They receive input from sensory neurons, and direct the activity of motor neurons. Association neurons are present to "associate" appropriate motor responses with sensory stimuli. The early embryo contains an embryonic tissue la ...
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS
... systems have opposing actions in some situations (e.g. control of heart rate, GIT smooth muscle) but not in others (e.g. salivary glands, ciliary muscles). ...
... systems have opposing actions in some situations (e.g. control of heart rate, GIT smooth muscle) but not in others (e.g. salivary glands, ciliary muscles). ...
Lecture 26-BasalGanglia
... • Caused by glutamate-induced neurotoxicity (?) • Loss of GABAergic neurons that project of GP leads to disinhibition of thalamic nuclei and increase output to motor area of the cortex • Symptoms consistent with excess dopaminergic activity ...
... • Caused by glutamate-induced neurotoxicity (?) • Loss of GABAergic neurons that project of GP leads to disinhibition of thalamic nuclei and increase output to motor area of the cortex • Symptoms consistent with excess dopaminergic activity ...
Neurotransmitters - Amazon Web Services
... Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Most is ...
... Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Most is ...
An implantable electrode design for both chronic in vivo
... responsible for the positioning of the abdomen (Kennedy and Takeda, 1965a,b; Parnas and Atwood, 1966). The design of the implanted electrode presented here allowed us to monitor neuronal activity in the distal part of the N2 of the crayfish while leaving the animal with maximum freedom of movement. ...
... responsible for the positioning of the abdomen (Kennedy and Takeda, 1965a,b; Parnas and Atwood, 1966). The design of the implanted electrode presented here allowed us to monitor neuronal activity in the distal part of the N2 of the crayfish while leaving the animal with maximum freedom of movement. ...
Forecasting & Demand Planner Module 4 – Basic Concepts
... The spikes travelling along the axon of the pre-synaptic neuron trigger the release of neurotransmitter substances at the synapse. The neurotransmitters cause excitation or inhibition in the dendrite of the post-synaptic neuron. The integration of the excitatory and inhibitory signals may produce sp ...
... The spikes travelling along the axon of the pre-synaptic neuron trigger the release of neurotransmitter substances at the synapse. The neurotransmitters cause excitation or inhibition in the dendrite of the post-synaptic neuron. The integration of the excitatory and inhibitory signals may produce sp ...
the phase-space dynamics of systems of spiking neurons
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
NS_olfaction
... Early olfactory researchers suggested that a small number of receptor types could encode a large number of natural odors, similar to 3 cones coding all perceived colors: The “Prime Odor” theory (7 primes was a popular number) Difficult to determine what those “prime odors” might be and how they woul ...
... Early olfactory researchers suggested that a small number of receptor types could encode a large number of natural odors, similar to 3 cones coding all perceived colors: The “Prime Odor” theory (7 primes was a popular number) Difficult to determine what those “prime odors” might be and how they woul ...
Activity of Defined Mushroom Body Output Neurons
... S2). Lastly, R66C08-GAL4 only expresses in the M6/MBONg5b0 2a neurons that mostly innervate the g lobe tip and the anterior zone of b0 2 (Figure 1C, Movie S3). We determined the polarity of the M4/6 neurons using expression of established neural compartment marker proteins. The dendritic marker DenM ...
... S2). Lastly, R66C08-GAL4 only expresses in the M6/MBONg5b0 2a neurons that mostly innervate the g lobe tip and the anterior zone of b0 2 (Figure 1C, Movie S3). We determined the polarity of the M4/6 neurons using expression of established neural compartment marker proteins. The dendritic marker DenM ...