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Probability of Transmitter Release at Neocortical
... states. When MK-801 is present in the medium, it blocks irreversibly some of the open channels, thus accelerating the EPSC decay. Despite its simplicity, this model describes the EPSC kinetics reasonably well, and it has been applied successfully for calculating the fraction of blocked channels (FB) ...
... states. When MK-801 is present in the medium, it blocks irreversibly some of the open channels, thus accelerating the EPSC decay. Despite its simplicity, this model describes the EPSC kinetics reasonably well, and it has been applied successfully for calculating the fraction of blocked channels (FB) ...
Extra-Classical Tuning Predicts Stimulus
... the offset term and spike history filter differ only minimally between song and noise GLMs and contribute marginally and insignificantly to differences in predictive power. Before analyzing STRFs, we performed a 3⫻ up-sampling in each dimension using a cubic spline. To validate each GLM STRF as a mo ...
... the offset term and spike history filter differ only minimally between song and noise GLMs and contribute marginally and insignificantly to differences in predictive power. Before analyzing STRFs, we performed a 3⫻ up-sampling in each dimension using a cubic spline. To validate each GLM STRF as a mo ...
Extended PDF
... of the developing neocortex are the progenitors that produce nearly all excitatory neurons (Kriegstein and Alvarez-Buylla, 2009). Prior to neurogenesis, radial glial progenitors (RGPs) divide symmetrically to amplify the progenitor pool. During the neurogenic phase, RGPs are believed to divide asymm ...
... of the developing neocortex are the progenitors that produce nearly all excitatory neurons (Kriegstein and Alvarez-Buylla, 2009). Prior to neurogenesis, radial glial progenitors (RGPs) divide symmetrically to amplify the progenitor pool. During the neurogenic phase, RGPs are believed to divide asymm ...
32 MaxPlanckResearch 3 | 09 Small but mighty: In mice, around ten
... potentially identify hundreds of thousands. Because small structural changes in odorant molecules alter the interaction with the receptors only gradually, the number of chemicals that can be smelled is theoretically unlimited. A receptor protein recognizes a defined part of a molecule very specifica ...
... potentially identify hundreds of thousands. Because small structural changes in odorant molecules alter the interaction with the receptors only gradually, the number of chemicals that can be smelled is theoretically unlimited. A receptor protein recognizes a defined part of a molecule very specifica ...
Dynamic shaping of dopamine signals during probabilistic
... is well correlated with reward-prediction errors from formal reinforcement learning models, which feature teaching signals in the form of discrepancies between actual and expected reward outcomes. Additionally, in learning tasks where conditioned cues probabilistically predict rewards, dopamine neur ...
... is well correlated with reward-prediction errors from formal reinforcement learning models, which feature teaching signals in the form of discrepancies between actual and expected reward outcomes. Additionally, in learning tasks where conditioned cues probabilistically predict rewards, dopamine neur ...
Apomorphine Induces Contralateral Rotation 1 Running Head
... his unilateral 6-OHDA lesioned rats and found that amphetamine causes DA to be released from undamaged neurons and apomorphine produces activity in DA receptors primarily on the lesion side. Overall, he demonstrated that tats will turn toward the side with the least amount of dopamine activity. When ...
... his unilateral 6-OHDA lesioned rats and found that amphetamine causes DA to be released from undamaged neurons and apomorphine produces activity in DA receptors primarily on the lesion side. Overall, he demonstrated that tats will turn toward the side with the least amount of dopamine activity. When ...
Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system
... understand the role that metabotropic neurotransmitter systems play in central cardiorespiratory mechanisms. It is well known that blockade of glutamatergic, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic and glycinergic pathways causes major or even complete disruption of cardiorespiratory systems, whereas antagonis ...
... understand the role that metabotropic neurotransmitter systems play in central cardiorespiratory mechanisms. It is well known that blockade of glutamatergic, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic and glycinergic pathways causes major or even complete disruption of cardiorespiratory systems, whereas antagonis ...
48-nervous text - Everglades High School
... • Postsynaptic potentials fall into two categories – Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) – Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) ...
... • Postsynaptic potentials fall into two categories – Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) – Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) ...
Protracted Synaptogenesis after Activity
... than one spine, suggesting that LTP is associated with the formation of new synapses (Toni et al., 1999). Although there is a broad consensus that spines that form as a result of neuronal activity are likely to become part of synapses, important details about the temporal and spatial dynamics of spi ...
... than one spine, suggesting that LTP is associated with the formation of new synapses (Toni et al., 1999). Although there is a broad consensus that spines that form as a result of neuronal activity are likely to become part of synapses, important details about the temporal and spatial dynamics of spi ...
LESSON 4.3 WORKBOOK What makes us go to sleep, and what
... When we are awake and alert, most of the neurons in our brain – especially those in our forebrain – are active, which enables us to pay attention to sensory information, to think about what we are perceiving, to retrieve and think about memories, and to engage in the variety of behaviors that we hav ...
... When we are awake and alert, most of the neurons in our brain – especially those in our forebrain – are active, which enables us to pay attention to sensory information, to think about what we are perceiving, to retrieve and think about memories, and to engage in the variety of behaviors that we hav ...
in Primate STT Cells Differentially Modulate Brief
... Dickenson 1998). A behavioral study found that the nociceptive responses in the second phase of the formalin test were potentiated by a group II agonist but slightly reduced by a group III agonist (Fisher and Coderre 1996). The present electrophysiological study of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) ...
... Dickenson 1998). A behavioral study found that the nociceptive responses in the second phase of the formalin test were potentiated by a group II agonist but slightly reduced by a group III agonist (Fisher and Coderre 1996). The present electrophysiological study of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) ...
Skeletal System
... Like sensory neurons serving somatic structures (skeletal muscles and skin) The cell bodies of visceral sensory neurons are located in the sensory ganglia of associated cranial nerves or in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord ...
... Like sensory neurons serving somatic structures (skeletal muscles and skin) The cell bodies of visceral sensory neurons are located in the sensory ganglia of associated cranial nerves or in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord ...
A Model of Surround Suppression Through Cortical Feedback
... All five V1 regions send feedforward projections to the V2 region. The feedforward projections originate from the V1 neurons and terminate on both excitatory and inhibitory neurons within the V2 region. The output weights extending from one V1 neuron take on a Gaussian pattern which is identical for ...
... All five V1 regions send feedforward projections to the V2 region. The feedforward projections originate from the V1 neurons and terminate on both excitatory and inhibitory neurons within the V2 region. The output weights extending from one V1 neuron take on a Gaussian pattern which is identical for ...
Common and specific inhibitory motor neurons innervate
... careful, though, to interpret this as common inhibitory innervation since a DUM neuron that supplies both muscles was described previously (Bräunig, 1997). In six preparations this DUM neuron, termed DUM1B, with its soma located in the mesothoracic ganglion, stained exceptionally well such that its ...
... careful, though, to interpret this as common inhibitory innervation since a DUM neuron that supplies both muscles was described previously (Bräunig, 1997). In six preparations this DUM neuron, termed DUM1B, with its soma located in the mesothoracic ganglion, stained exceptionally well such that its ...
Neurons of the Central Complex of the Locust Schistocerca gregaria
... 1C), one neuron (8%) was tonically excited (Fig. 2 B), and four neurons (31%) showed no clear response. Frontal or lateral light flashes were less effective than dorsal stimulation (Fig. 2 B). Polarized light presented dorsally elicited tonic excitations, tonic inhibitions, or no change in spiking a ...
... 1C), one neuron (8%) was tonically excited (Fig. 2 B), and four neurons (31%) showed no clear response. Frontal or lateral light flashes were less effective than dorsal stimulation (Fig. 2 B). Polarized light presented dorsally elicited tonic excitations, tonic inhibitions, or no change in spiking a ...
Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters and Steroids on Human
... M), and corticosterone (Ki ⴝ 36 M) also inhibited cotinine formation, but coumarin 7-hydroxylation and cotinine 3ⴕ-hydroxylation did not. Nicotine-⌬5ⴕ(1ⴕ)-iminium ion formation from nicotine was not affected by these steroid hormones, indicating that the inhibition of cotinine formation was due to ...
... M), and corticosterone (Ki ⴝ 36 M) also inhibited cotinine formation, but coumarin 7-hydroxylation and cotinine 3ⴕ-hydroxylation did not. Nicotine-⌬5ⴕ(1ⴕ)-iminium ion formation from nicotine was not affected by these steroid hormones, indicating that the inhibition of cotinine formation was due to ...
Sympathetic Division (cont)
... nucleus basalis (near diencephalon) — some role in storage and retrieval The visual association area helps you remember what a cat looks like, or your best friend; the speech center tells you how to say the word “cat”, the auditory association area tells you what “meow” sounds like and that it is a ...
... nucleus basalis (near diencephalon) — some role in storage and retrieval The visual association area helps you remember what a cat looks like, or your best friend; the speech center tells you how to say the word “cat”, the auditory association area tells you what “meow” sounds like and that it is a ...
A Computational Model of the Amygdala Nuclei`s Role in - laral
... of these empirical data. Trying to build detailed biologically plausible computational models is a necessary step to overcome this knowledge gap. The current most influential models on classical conditioning, those based on “temporaldifference reward prediction error” [3, 4] , suffer of several limi ...
... of these empirical data. Trying to build detailed biologically plausible computational models is a necessary step to overcome this knowledge gap. The current most influential models on classical conditioning, those based on “temporaldifference reward prediction error” [3, 4] , suffer of several limi ...
ARTICULOS PUBLICADOS EN REVISTAS ELECTRÓNICAS: TRABAJO 1:
... inhibitory and excitatory responses elicited by endogenous 5-HT in vivo. Nearly 60 % of the neurons in the PFC of the rat and mouse express the mRNAs of 5-HT1A and/or 5-HT2A receptors, with a high degree of co-expression (nearly 80% in most PFC areas; Amargós-Bosch et al., 2004). The vast majority o ...
... inhibitory and excitatory responses elicited by endogenous 5-HT in vivo. Nearly 60 % of the neurons in the PFC of the rat and mouse express the mRNAs of 5-HT1A and/or 5-HT2A receptors, with a high degree of co-expression (nearly 80% in most PFC areas; Amargós-Bosch et al., 2004). The vast majority o ...
A quantitative description of the mouse piriform cortex
... input takes the form of direct feedforward excitation from M/T cells or glomeruli. The inhibitory input takes the form of indirect inhibition, wherein M/T cells or glomeruli excite inhibitory cells in Layer 1 that then inhibit principal cells. As Stettler and Axel state in their model (Stettler & Ax ...
... input takes the form of direct feedforward excitation from M/T cells or glomeruli. The inhibitory input takes the form of indirect inhibition, wherein M/T cells or glomeruli excite inhibitory cells in Layer 1 that then inhibit principal cells. As Stettler and Axel state in their model (Stettler & Ax ...
Excitatory Cerebellar Nucleocortical Circuit Provides Internal
... axon collaterals of the same CF and MF inputs (Voogd and Ruigrok, 1997). In the cerebellar cortex, CF and MF signals ultimately converge onto GABAergic Purkinje cells (PC), which in turn project to the cerebellar nuclei, forming the main output unit of the cerebellum. In current learning theories on ...
... axon collaterals of the same CF and MF inputs (Voogd and Ruigrok, 1997). In the cerebellar cortex, CF and MF signals ultimately converge onto GABAergic Purkinje cells (PC), which in turn project to the cerebellar nuclei, forming the main output unit of the cerebellum. In current learning theories on ...
brain derived neurotrophic factor transport and physiological
... factor affecting several neuronal populations not responsive to NGF. Now the family consists of NGF, BDNF, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5). More recently, members of numerous other families of proteins, such as glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, were also dis ...
... factor affecting several neuronal populations not responsive to NGF. Now the family consists of NGF, BDNF, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5). More recently, members of numerous other families of proteins, such as glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, were also dis ...
Odorant Category Profile Selectivity of Olfactory Cortex Neurons
... column shows (from top to bottom) the name of the category, abbreviation, molecular structure, component odorants in the present study. For individual neurons, responses to each mixture (3–7 odorants) used for the stimulation with each category, and the perceptual quality. B, Ventrolateral view of t ...
... column shows (from top to bottom) the name of the category, abbreviation, molecular structure, component odorants in the present study. For individual neurons, responses to each mixture (3–7 odorants) used for the stimulation with each category, and the perceptual quality. B, Ventrolateral view of t ...
Serotonin - Meridian Kinesiology
... functions in a similar fashion to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Prozac in that it inhibits the reuptake of Serotonin by 5Hydroxytryptamine Receptors (i.e. by Serotonin Receptors) - this mechanism is partially responsible for Saint John’s Wort’s ability to alleviate Depressi ...
... functions in a similar fashion to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Prozac in that it inhibits the reuptake of Serotonin by 5Hydroxytryptamine Receptors (i.e. by Serotonin Receptors) - this mechanism is partially responsible for Saint John’s Wort’s ability to alleviate Depressi ...