Neuroanatomical characteristics of deep and superficial needling
... believed to exert its effects through sensory afferent stimulation. Although we are unable to assess, based on the present results, whether acupuncture works via stimulation of motor nerves, as the study was neuroanatomical rather than neurofunctional in nature, it is clear that tracer can be transp ...
... believed to exert its effects through sensory afferent stimulation. Although we are unable to assess, based on the present results, whether acupuncture works via stimulation of motor nerves, as the study was neuroanatomical rather than neurofunctional in nature, it is clear that tracer can be transp ...
THE REGULATION OF SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS BY THE
... Among the multiple projections from orexin neurons, dense innervations to the DR, LC, and TMN are important for the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Noradrenergic neurons of the LC28), serotonergic neurons of the DR29,30), and histaminergic neurons of the TMN31,32) are activated by orexins, and ...
... Among the multiple projections from orexin neurons, dense innervations to the DR, LC, and TMN are important for the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Noradrenergic neurons of the LC28), serotonergic neurons of the DR29,30), and histaminergic neurons of the TMN31,32) are activated by orexins, and ...
A Stress-Induced Shift From Trace to Delay Conditioning Depends
... BACKGROUND: Fear learning in stressful situations is highly adaptive for survival by steering behavior in subsequent situations, but fear learning can become disproportionate in vulnerable individuals. Despite the potential clinical significance, the mechanism by which stress modulates fear learning ...
... BACKGROUND: Fear learning in stressful situations is highly adaptive for survival by steering behavior in subsequent situations, but fear learning can become disproportionate in vulnerable individuals. Despite the potential clinical significance, the mechanism by which stress modulates fear learning ...
The Ventral Striatopallidum and Extended Amygdala in
... and HD. In recent years scientists discussed the role of the amygdala in terms of addiction, loss of control in limiting drug intake as well as dysphoria and anxiety after drug abuse. Therefore, they often focused on the central amygdaloid nucleus, as it has a key function in reinforcing actions of ...
... and HD. In recent years scientists discussed the role of the amygdala in terms of addiction, loss of control in limiting drug intake as well as dysphoria and anxiety after drug abuse. Therefore, they often focused on the central amygdaloid nucleus, as it has a key function in reinforcing actions of ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Reduces Amyloidogenic
... kDa protein widely expressed in neurons in cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. A possible link between this receptor and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was suggested by findings that SORLA gene expression is drastically reduced in the brain of patients suffering from the sporadic form of the disease (Sch ...
... kDa protein widely expressed in neurons in cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. A possible link between this receptor and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was suggested by findings that SORLA gene expression is drastically reduced in the brain of patients suffering from the sporadic form of the disease (Sch ...
Cortical modulation of pain
... 1990s held the promise of resolving many issues of cortical function, at least in the human, but obtaining consistent results has been frustrating. Thus, using regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) to examine cortical activation, a number of studies have described significant increase in cortical acti ...
... 1990s held the promise of resolving many issues of cortical function, at least in the human, but obtaining consistent results has been frustrating. Thus, using regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) to examine cortical activation, a number of studies have described significant increase in cortical acti ...
Chemosensory pathways in the brainstem controlling
... Cardiorespiratory activity is controlled by a network of neurons located within the lower brainstem. The basic rhythm of breathing is generated by neuronal circuits within the medullary pre-Bötzinger complex, modulated by pontine and other inputs from cell groups within the medulla oblongata and th ...
... Cardiorespiratory activity is controlled by a network of neurons located within the lower brainstem. The basic rhythm of breathing is generated by neuronal circuits within the medullary pre-Bötzinger complex, modulated by pontine and other inputs from cell groups within the medulla oblongata and th ...
TINNITUS WHAT DO WE KNOW AND WHAT DO WE NOT KNOW
... Many parts of the brain are involved in common tasks • Several parts of the brain are involved in most tasks • Some parts of the brain can do more than one task • Many parts of the brain interact with each other • The mind can control many functions such as how muscles contract ...
... Many parts of the brain are involved in common tasks • Several parts of the brain are involved in most tasks • Some parts of the brain can do more than one task • Many parts of the brain interact with each other • The mind can control many functions such as how muscles contract ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... 1995), and amphetamines can decrease the encoding impairment caused by acetylcholine receptor blockade (Mewaldt and Ghonheim 1979). Studies on the primary visual cortex of cats suggests that both modulators are necessary for formation of ocular dominance columns during the critical period of visuoco ...
... 1995), and amphetamines can decrease the encoding impairment caused by acetylcholine receptor blockade (Mewaldt and Ghonheim 1979). Studies on the primary visual cortex of cats suggests that both modulators are necessary for formation of ocular dominance columns during the critical period of visuoco ...
Circuits through prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and ventral anterior
... The linkage of thalamic nuclei with the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortices is consistent with recent findings implicating the basal ganglia in functions beyond motor control, including cognition, emotion, learning, and memory (Hikosaka et al., 1999; Middleton and Strick, 2000; Graybiel, 2000; Sat ...
... The linkage of thalamic nuclei with the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortices is consistent with recent findings implicating the basal ganglia in functions beyond motor control, including cognition, emotion, learning, and memory (Hikosaka et al., 1999; Middleton and Strick, 2000; Graybiel, 2000; Sat ...
Axonal morphometry of hippocampal pyramidal neurons semi
... selecting the pixel with the lowest intensity). Once these two values are identified, all colors are equalized between these two extremes. All digitized tracings are processed on a Windows-based PC (dual Xeon 3 GHz, 2 GB RAM, 120 GB disk) with a set of ad-hoc Java and Perl scripts. At this stage, th ...
... selecting the pixel with the lowest intensity). Once these two values are identified, all colors are equalized between these two extremes. All digitized tracings are processed on a Windows-based PC (dual Xeon 3 GHz, 2 GB RAM, 120 GB disk) with a set of ad-hoc Java and Perl scripts. At this stage, th ...
CEREBRAL ACTIVATION DURING THERMAL
... thalamic activation. In addition, fMRI is limited to comparisons of cerebral neuronal activation with resting states (baseline activity); and it is therefore unable to portray possible certain neuronal events related to, for example, chronic pain states.[28] Notwithstanding the differences presented ...
... thalamic activation. In addition, fMRI is limited to comparisons of cerebral neuronal activation with resting states (baseline activity); and it is therefore unable to portray possible certain neuronal events related to, for example, chronic pain states.[28] Notwithstanding the differences presented ...
Possible Links among Mirror Neurons and Genes
... A relation between autism and certain factors has been argued. Due to the development of the brain imaging study, neuroscience has been paid much attention. Moreover, the recent autism study is mainly based on genetics. The relations between autism and mirror neurons have been pointed out, but recen ...
... A relation between autism and certain factors has been argued. Due to the development of the brain imaging study, neuroscience has been paid much attention. Moreover, the recent autism study is mainly based on genetics. The relations between autism and mirror neurons have been pointed out, but recen ...
Mechanisms of excitability in the central and peripheral nervous
... studied excitability in two systems of the nervous system, the hippocampus which is responsible for memory and spatial navigation, and the peripheral C–fiber which is responsible for sensing and conducting sensory information to the spinal cord. Within the work, I have studied the role of excitabili ...
... studied excitability in two systems of the nervous system, the hippocampus which is responsible for memory and spatial navigation, and the peripheral C–fiber which is responsible for sensing and conducting sensory information to the spinal cord. Within the work, I have studied the role of excitabili ...
Neuroimaging and ADHD: fMRI, PET, DTI Findings, and
... mechanisms in response to the impaired frontostriatal systems in children with ADHD. Similar results have been found with adults with ADHD. For example, Valera, Faraone, Biederman, Poldrack, and Seidman (2005) used a verbal working memory task (N-back task) to assess the behavioral performance and b ...
... mechanisms in response to the impaired frontostriatal systems in children with ADHD. Similar results have been found with adults with ADHD. For example, Valera, Faraone, Biederman, Poldrack, and Seidman (2005) used a verbal working memory task (N-back task) to assess the behavioral performance and b ...
The dual-pathway model of auditory signal
... distributed reciprocal extrinsic connections with rostral superior temporal gyrus (STG), insula, inferior parietal lobe (IPL), lateral prefrontal cortices, lateral amygdaloid nucleus, and subcortical structures including dorsal and medial divisions of the medial geniculate complex, putamen, inferior ...
... distributed reciprocal extrinsic connections with rostral superior temporal gyrus (STG), insula, inferior parietal lobe (IPL), lateral prefrontal cortices, lateral amygdaloid nucleus, and subcortical structures including dorsal and medial divisions of the medial geniculate complex, putamen, inferior ...
Saccades and multisaccadic gaze shifts are gated by different
... We used glass microelectrodes filled with 3.8 M NaCl and bevelled to tip diameters of 1.5–2.0 µm and resistances of 1.5–2.0 M. Only perisomatic extracellular recordings were retained for the study. We identified them by triphasic spikes with a negative main component that could be monitored over a d ...
... We used glass microelectrodes filled with 3.8 M NaCl and bevelled to tip diameters of 1.5–2.0 µm and resistances of 1.5–2.0 M. Only perisomatic extracellular recordings were retained for the study. We identified them by triphasic spikes with a negative main component that could be monitored over a d ...
Social equality in the number of choice options is represented in the
... identify the neural substrates for subjective valuation of equality in choice opportunity. ...
... identify the neural substrates for subjective valuation of equality in choice opportunity. ...
Simulating Populations of Neurons - Leeds VLE
... advances we have made over the last 100 years have allowed us to now consider processes on an individual level and use computational techniques to be able to simulate them. This project considers the paper Stable propagation of synchronous spiking in cortical neural networks (Diesmann, Gewaltig, & A ...
... advances we have made over the last 100 years have allowed us to now consider processes on an individual level and use computational techniques to be able to simulate them. This project considers the paper Stable propagation of synchronous spiking in cortical neural networks (Diesmann, Gewaltig, & A ...
The Three Neurogenetic Phases of Human Consciousness
... highlighted in this article as well during the discussion of the current description of these three neurogenetic phases. The main points regarding the neurogenetics of human consciousness and the direct relationship that it maintains with DNA consciousness was discussed further at a presentation at ...
... highlighted in this article as well during the discussion of the current description of these three neurogenetic phases. The main points regarding the neurogenetics of human consciousness and the direct relationship that it maintains with DNA consciousness was discussed further at a presentation at ...
lmmunohistochemical Localization
... autoradiographic methodsutilizing receptor ligands.Initial immunohistochemical studieshave provided an overview of the cellular and subcellularreceptor antigenicsitesin severalregions of the rat and human central nervous system (Schoch et al., 1985; Richards et al., 1986, 1987), and more detailed st ...
... autoradiographic methodsutilizing receptor ligands.Initial immunohistochemical studieshave provided an overview of the cellular and subcellularreceptor antigenicsitesin severalregions of the rat and human central nervous system (Schoch et al., 1985; Richards et al., 1986, 1987), and more detailed st ...
Horizontal Interactions in Cat Striate Cortex: 1. Anatomical Substrate
... After 2 or 3 days of survival animals that received only WGA-HRP injections and whose visual cortex was to be prepared for tangential sectioning (see Table l), were anaesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride, and killed with an overdose injection of pentobarbitone sodium (N ...
... After 2 or 3 days of survival animals that received only WGA-HRP injections and whose visual cortex was to be prepared for tangential sectioning (see Table l), were anaesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride, and killed with an overdose injection of pentobarbitone sodium (N ...
Analysis of sleep spindles and model of their generation
... least 0.5sec duration, i.e., one should be able to count 6 or 7 distinct waves within the half-second period. Because the term “sleep spindle” has been widely used in sleep research, this term will be retained. The term should be used only to describe activity between 12 and 14 cps.” As the knowledg ...
... least 0.5sec duration, i.e., one should be able to count 6 or 7 distinct waves within the half-second period. Because the term “sleep spindle” has been widely used in sleep research, this term will be retained. The term should be used only to describe activity between 12 and 14 cps.” As the knowledg ...
Mirror Neurons Responding to Observation of Actions Made with
... unfamiliar tool (a signal stick, which is a wooden, colored circle attached to the tip of a long stick) aimed to touch the target object, but devoid of the possibility to pick it up. The visual response of tool-responding mirror neurons was always excitatory. Note that in 29 neurons, there was also ...
... unfamiliar tool (a signal stick, which is a wooden, colored circle attached to the tip of a long stick) aimed to touch the target object, but devoid of the possibility to pick it up. The visual response of tool-responding mirror neurons was always excitatory. Note that in 29 neurons, there was also ...
PDF
... The column as basic unit and defining cortical attribute has been a compelling, not to say seductive idea. Thus, “column” has persisted both conceptually and linguistically, despite significant problems in both domains. (1) “Column” is ambiguous. It can refer to smallscale minicolumns (diameter ∼50 ...
... The column as basic unit and defining cortical attribute has been a compelling, not to say seductive idea. Thus, “column” has persisted both conceptually and linguistically, despite significant problems in both domains. (1) “Column” is ambiguous. It can refer to smallscale minicolumns (diameter ∼50 ...