Csercsa Richárd
... the nervous system. According to our present knowledge, sleep is far too complex to be regarded as a passive state. There are indeed chemical substances that induce sleep such as sedatives or cytokines (e.g. TNF and IL-1) (Krueger et al., Nat Rev Neurosci, 2008), supporting the active hypothesis. On ...
... the nervous system. According to our present knowledge, sleep is far too complex to be regarded as a passive state. There are indeed chemical substances that induce sleep such as sedatives or cytokines (e.g. TNF and IL-1) (Krueger et al., Nat Rev Neurosci, 2008), supporting the active hypothesis. On ...
Probabilistic Anatomic Mapping of Cerebral Blood Flow Distribution
... hence, the automated anatomic labeling of individual brain imaging data. Methods: In the current study, probabilistic maps of the blood flow distribution of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were developed using the basal and MCA brain SPECT images. Twenty-nine patients (mean age 6 SD, 54.6 6 6.1 y) ...
... hence, the automated anatomic labeling of individual brain imaging data. Methods: In the current study, probabilistic maps of the blood flow distribution of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were developed using the basal and MCA brain SPECT images. Twenty-nine patients (mean age 6 SD, 54.6 6 6.1 y) ...
Fluorescence Recordings of Electrical Activity in Goldfish Optic
... consequent to optic tract stimulation for at least 8 (and up to 24) hr under normal conditions. The thin lateral slices rarely showed extracellular field potentials following stimulation at the rostra1 end, probably because the trajectory of the optic nerve fibers that innervate the central tectum i ...
... consequent to optic tract stimulation for at least 8 (and up to 24) hr under normal conditions. The thin lateral slices rarely showed extracellular field potentials following stimulation at the rostra1 end, probably because the trajectory of the optic nerve fibers that innervate the central tectum i ...
Learning to represent reward structure: A key to adapting to complex
... and constraints are refined, which we do not attempt here. The numeric prediction construct and its learning signal are at the heart of the formulation, and they are called the value function and TD error, respectively. The value function defines a solution for the balancing problem, while TD error pr ...
... and constraints are refined, which we do not attempt here. The numeric prediction construct and its learning signal are at the heart of the formulation, and they are called the value function and TD error, respectively. The value function defines a solution for the balancing problem, while TD error pr ...
Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic
... A fraction of the orientation-selective neurons in macaque area V2 signal not only the location and orientation of luminance and color edges, but also the location of the figure to which an edge “belongs” (Zhou et al., 2000). Figure 2A illustrates a V2 neuron that responds more strongly to the botto ...
... A fraction of the orientation-selective neurons in macaque area V2 signal not only the location and orientation of luminance and color edges, but also the location of the figure to which an edge “belongs” (Zhou et al., 2000). Figure 2A illustrates a V2 neuron that responds more strongly to the botto ...
CNS learns Stable, Accurate and Efficient Movements using a
... Motor learning uses sensory feedback to modify feedforward commands and improve performance (Johansson and Cole, 1994). Existing learning schemes from neuroscience or robotics based on iterative learning or adaptive control change the feedforward command based on a monotonic function of the kinemati ...
... Motor learning uses sensory feedback to modify feedforward commands and improve performance (Johansson and Cole, 1994). Existing learning schemes from neuroscience or robotics based on iterative learning or adaptive control change the feedforward command based on a monotonic function of the kinemati ...
Excitatory Cerebellar Nucleocortical Circuit Provides Internal
... focused mainly on the role of cerebellar cortical processes in the molecular layer, including long-term depression and long-term potentiation of the parallel fiber to PC synapse (Aiba et al., 1994; Ito et al., 2014; Schonewille et al., 2010, 2011; Welsh et al., 2005) and intrinsic plasticity of PCs ...
... focused mainly on the role of cerebellar cortical processes in the molecular layer, including long-term depression and long-term potentiation of the parallel fiber to PC synapse (Aiba et al., 1994; Ito et al., 2014; Schonewille et al., 2010, 2011; Welsh et al., 2005) and intrinsic plasticity of PCs ...
link to pdf of article - UCSF Center for Integrative Neuroscience
... 2000; Burgess & Hitch, 1999; Henson, 1998). Recall then involves “replaying” this contextual signal that, in turn, preferentially activates the items associated with the current state of the signal. Such models require the ability to form associations between context signal and component item throug ...
... 2000; Burgess & Hitch, 1999; Henson, 1998). Recall then involves “replaying” this contextual signal that, in turn, preferentially activates the items associated with the current state of the signal. Such models require the ability to form associations between context signal and component item throug ...
Cell type-specific activation of p38 MAPK in the brain regions of
... dilution for 2 h, and then were incubated with third antibodies of streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (Sigma–Aldrich Company, USA) at a 1:200 for 2 h at room temperature. Finally, the slices were washed extensively in PBS, and a solution containing H2O2 (0.03%) and 3,30 -diaminobenzidine ...
... dilution for 2 h, and then were incubated with third antibodies of streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (Sigma–Aldrich Company, USA) at a 1:200 for 2 h at room temperature. Finally, the slices were washed extensively in PBS, and a solution containing H2O2 (0.03%) and 3,30 -diaminobenzidine ...
Effect of Tactile Inputs on Thalamic Responses to Noxious
... excitatory tactile response enhanced the inhibition further (i.e., the impulse counts were further reduced, see Fig. 1) in two units or had an inconsistent/complex effect (Figs. 6 and 7). An example of an excitatory neuronal response to mechanical stimulation of the skin and inhibitory response to C ...
... excitatory tactile response enhanced the inhibition further (i.e., the impulse counts were further reduced, see Fig. 1) in two units or had an inconsistent/complex effect (Figs. 6 and 7). An example of an excitatory neuronal response to mechanical stimulation of the skin and inhibitory response to C ...
Cerebellar Unit Activity and the Movement Disruption Induced by
... weight (200—250 g) and trained to reach for 20 mg pellets of Larsen's diet into a narrow (11 mm internal diameter) horizontal feeder attached to the front wall of a plexiglass chamber (Megirian et al. 1974). Only animals which succeeded in retrieving pellets placed 10—15 mm deep in the feeder consis ...
... weight (200—250 g) and trained to reach for 20 mg pellets of Larsen's diet into a narrow (11 mm internal diameter) horizontal feeder attached to the front wall of a plexiglass chamber (Megirian et al. 1974). Only animals which succeeded in retrieving pellets placed 10—15 mm deep in the feeder consis ...
Prefrontal Phase Locking to Hippocampal Theta Oscillations
... However, the basic organization of hippocampo-prefrontal interactions at the level of networks of neurons remains unknown. To make progress in characterizing these interactions, we monitored the simultaneous activity of multiple single neurons in the hippocampus and mPFC of freely behaving rats usin ...
... However, the basic organization of hippocampo-prefrontal interactions at the level of networks of neurons remains unknown. To make progress in characterizing these interactions, we monitored the simultaneous activity of multiple single neurons in the hippocampus and mPFC of freely behaving rats usin ...
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and
... sleep-wake regulation has been relatively limited, mainly because the dopamine neuron firing rate varies little between sleep and wake states.58,59 However, lesions of dopamine cell groups in the ventral tegmentum that project to the forebrain have been shown to induce a drastic reduction in behavio ...
... sleep-wake regulation has been relatively limited, mainly because the dopamine neuron firing rate varies little between sleep and wake states.58,59 However, lesions of dopamine cell groups in the ventral tegmentum that project to the forebrain have been shown to induce a drastic reduction in behavio ...
Document
... • EEG activity of 3.5 – 7.5 Hz that occurs intermittently during early stages of slow wave sleep and REM sleep. Delta activity: • Regular, synchronous electrical activity of less than 4 Hz recorded from the brain; occurs during the deepest stages of slow-wave sleep. ...
... • EEG activity of 3.5 – 7.5 Hz that occurs intermittently during early stages of slow wave sleep and REM sleep. Delta activity: • Regular, synchronous electrical activity of less than 4 Hz recorded from the brain; occurs during the deepest stages of slow-wave sleep. ...
6 slides per sheet
... 2. Development proceeds from pleuripotency (stem cells) to the differentiated state (adult neuron). 3. Neuronal induction requires specific contact between groups of cells; embryonic morphogenesis allows this to occur. 4. Positional information is created early by asymmetric distribution of molecule ...
... 2. Development proceeds from pleuripotency (stem cells) to the differentiated state (adult neuron). 3. Neuronal induction requires specific contact between groups of cells; embryonic morphogenesis allows this to occur. 4. Positional information is created early by asymmetric distribution of molecule ...
Document
... 1.1.2 Neurotrophins and receptors The signal transduction systems, that mediate the diverse biological functions of the neurotrophins, are initiated through interactions with two categories of cell surface receptors, the p75 neurotrophin receptor and the tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) tyrosine ki ...
... 1.1.2 Neurotrophins and receptors The signal transduction systems, that mediate the diverse biological functions of the neurotrophins, are initiated through interactions with two categories of cell surface receptors, the p75 neurotrophin receptor and the tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) tyrosine ki ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Cortical Auditory Adaptation
... The loudspeaker was located 53 cm above the bottom of the recording chamber. The box was built in black acrylic and had a surface of 22 by 27 cm and the walls had a height of 65 cm. The walls of the box were covered with corrugated cardboard (4 mm thickness) for sound-resonance suppression. Measurem ...
... The loudspeaker was located 53 cm above the bottom of the recording chamber. The box was built in black acrylic and had a surface of 22 by 27 cm and the walls had a height of 65 cm. The walls of the box were covered with corrugated cardboard (4 mm thickness) for sound-resonance suppression. Measurem ...
Physiology of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Beyond
... restricted to postmitotic neurons [25]; this excludes their involvement in neuronal embryonic development and suggests a possible role in postnatal development or in brain plasticity. Actually, activation of GnRHR alters the electrical properties of hippocampal neurons through a protein kinase C-dep ...
... restricted to postmitotic neurons [25]; this excludes their involvement in neuronal embryonic development and suggests a possible role in postnatal development or in brain plasticity. Actually, activation of GnRHR alters the electrical properties of hippocampal neurons through a protein kinase C-dep ...
BRAIN - ESPN.com
... brain and spinal cord of 85 donors for evidence of CTE, as well as for all other neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Parkinson’s disease, Lewy body disease and multiple system atrophy. We report the spectrum of CTE and neurodegenerativ ...
... brain and spinal cord of 85 donors for evidence of CTE, as well as for all other neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Parkinson’s disease, Lewy body disease and multiple system atrophy. We report the spectrum of CTE and neurodegenerativ ...
How Do Neurons Communicate?
... largely as channels and pumps, as well as receptor sites. Within the axon terminal are many specialized structures, including both mitochondria (the organelles that supply the cell’s energy needs) and what appear to be round granules. The round granules are synaptic vesicles that contain the chemica ...
... largely as channels and pumps, as well as receptor sites. Within the axon terminal are many specialized structures, including both mitochondria (the organelles that supply the cell’s energy needs) and what appear to be round granules. The round granules are synaptic vesicles that contain the chemica ...
The Effect of Ischemia on Biogenic Amine Concentrations in
... responsible for the dysfunction. Because biogenic amines are both neurotransmitters and have potent vasoactive properties, for many years there has been considerable speculation about their influences on the development of injury to the CNS. 1 Many experimental stroke models exist,2"4 and many studi ...
... responsible for the dysfunction. Because biogenic amines are both neurotransmitters and have potent vasoactive properties, for many years there has been considerable speculation about their influences on the development of injury to the CNS. 1 Many experimental stroke models exist,2"4 and many studi ...
Form representation in monkey inferotemporal cortex is virtually
... Two monkeys performed a form-recognition task. They were required to make a different response (saccade) for each of four target stimuli (Fig. 1). The targets were designed so that they could be discriminated only using the central retina (that is, within 2–3 degrees eccentricity). The recognition t ...
... Two monkeys performed a form-recognition task. They were required to make a different response (saccade) for each of four target stimuli (Fig. 1). The targets were designed so that they could be discriminated only using the central retina (that is, within 2–3 degrees eccentricity). The recognition t ...