Measurement of variability dynamics in cortical spike trains
... performed with the help of Mathematica (Wolfram Research, Inc.). We provide documented Matlab code for some of the methods described below within the framework of the FIND toolbox (Meier et al., 2007; http://find.bccn.uni-freiburg.de). 2.1.3. Operational time and rate modulation Neurons observed in ...
... performed with the help of Mathematica (Wolfram Research, Inc.). We provide documented Matlab code for some of the methods described below within the framework of the FIND toolbox (Meier et al., 2007; http://find.bccn.uni-freiburg.de). 2.1.3. Operational time and rate modulation Neurons observed in ...
Sleep and metabolism: Role of hypothalamic
... increase hunger and appetite.19,20 This is illustrated most profoundly in cross-sectional and prospective epidemiologic studies that indicate there is a strong dose-dependent effect of sleep reduction on the incidence of diabetes and obesity.19,21 One limitation of many human epidemiologic studies i ...
... increase hunger and appetite.19,20 This is illustrated most profoundly in cross-sectional and prospective epidemiologic studies that indicate there is a strong dose-dependent effect of sleep reduction on the incidence of diabetes and obesity.19,21 One limitation of many human epidemiologic studies i ...
Zoology 242 Anatomy of Nervous systems Lecture 8
... Autonomic Nervous System • 3 major divisions described by John Langley (18521925). – Enteric – Parasympathetic – Sympathetic ...
... Autonomic Nervous System • 3 major divisions described by John Langley (18521925). – Enteric – Parasympathetic – Sympathetic ...
Making Arm Movements Within Different Parts of Space: Dynamic
... (8.7 cm) movements with the same origin in 8 different directions (arrows). C, 1, II, 21 indicate one of the 8 triplets of movements which traveled along parallel paths in different parts of the work space. ...
... (8.7 cm) movements with the same origin in 8 different directions (arrows). C, 1, II, 21 indicate one of the 8 triplets of movements which traveled along parallel paths in different parts of the work space. ...
Effects of acetylcholine on neuronal properties in entorhinal cortex James G. Heys
... Llinás, 1989; Erchova et al., 2004; Giocomo et al., 2007; Heys et al., 2010; Shay et al., 2012). Interestingly, all three electrophysiological features of SCs change systematically along the dorsal to ventral axis of mEC (Giocomo et al., 2007), which coincides with systematic changes in the characte ...
... Llinás, 1989; Erchova et al., 2004; Giocomo et al., 2007; Heys et al., 2010; Shay et al., 2012). Interestingly, all three electrophysiological features of SCs change systematically along the dorsal to ventral axis of mEC (Giocomo et al., 2007), which coincides with systematic changes in the characte ...
Scene perception: inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the
... possible effects of the salience of any particular stimulus would not bias the results. To this end, we used a set of 141 stimuli during the data collection for these experiments, and any individual stimulus was typically used in only one (63 stimuli) or two (53 stimuli) experiments. Part of the exp ...
... possible effects of the salience of any particular stimulus would not bias the results. To this end, we used a set of 141 stimuli during the data collection for these experiments, and any individual stimulus was typically used in only one (63 stimuli) or two (53 stimuli) experiments. Part of the exp ...
JERZY KONORSKI`S THEORY OF CONDITIONED
... instance there occurs an excitation of the hunger drive center, while in the other oase the "hunger anti-drive center" is being excited (11, p. 323329). When the animal is certain that food is not forthcoming, its response is similar to the kind of behavior observed 'during satiatim, and according t ...
... instance there occurs an excitation of the hunger drive center, while in the other oase the "hunger anti-drive center" is being excited (11, p. 323329). When the animal is certain that food is not forthcoming, its response is similar to the kind of behavior observed 'during satiatim, and according t ...
Unit4Jeopardy
... • ANSWER: This lobe contains Wernicke’s area and is linked to this sensory function. • QUESTION: What is the temporal lobe, and what is hearing? ...
... • ANSWER: This lobe contains Wernicke’s area and is linked to this sensory function. • QUESTION: What is the temporal lobe, and what is hearing? ...
Hypocretin-2-Saporin Lesions of the Lateral Hypothalamus Produce
... sleep and wakefulness Subjects. T wenty male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this experiment; housing conditions were the same as those described for experiment 2. Surger y. The rats were implanted under anesthesia (cocktail of 0.75 mg / kg acepromazine, 2.5 mg / kg xylazine, and 22 mg / kg ketamin ...
... sleep and wakefulness Subjects. T wenty male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this experiment; housing conditions were the same as those described for experiment 2. Surger y. The rats were implanted under anesthesia (cocktail of 0.75 mg / kg acepromazine, 2.5 mg / kg xylazine, and 22 mg / kg ketamin ...
Effort and Valuation in the Brain
... dominant hand to squeeze. For force calibration, we measured fmax three times and calibrated grip levels based on the highest value of Figure 2. A,. Force data from one trial from one subject with its sigmoid fit line and first derivative to smooth the data. From this function, we use a threshold to ...
... dominant hand to squeeze. For force calibration, we measured fmax three times and calibrated grip levels based on the highest value of Figure 2. A,. Force data from one trial from one subject with its sigmoid fit line and first derivative to smooth the data. From this function, we use a threshold to ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... cortical neurons oscillate between periods of quiescent, hyperpolarized Downstates and active, depolarized Upstates. Downstate membrane potential (V m ) was similar, as was spike threshold (V rest fosGFP+ –62.89 ± 1.94 mV versus fosGFP– –60.59 ± 2.30 mV, n = 7 pairs, p = 0.375; V thresh fosGFP+ – 3 ...
... cortical neurons oscillate between periods of quiescent, hyperpolarized Downstates and active, depolarized Upstates. Downstate membrane potential (V m ) was similar, as was spike threshold (V rest fosGFP+ –62.89 ± 1.94 mV versus fosGFP– –60.59 ± 2.30 mV, n = 7 pairs, p = 0.375; V thresh fosGFP+ – 3 ...
Neural Encoding I: Firing Rates and Spike Statistics
... Characterizing the relationship between stimulus and response is difficult because neuronal responses are complex and variable. Neurons typically respond by producing complex spike sequences that reflect both the intrinsic dynamics of the neuron and the temporal characteristics of the stimulus. Isol ...
... Characterizing the relationship between stimulus and response is difficult because neuronal responses are complex and variable. Neurons typically respond by producing complex spike sequences that reflect both the intrinsic dynamics of the neuron and the temporal characteristics of the stimulus. Isol ...
download file
... Experiments in mammalian sensory cortex have shown that large populations of neurons can be substantially reorganized when required to learn novel stimuli and adapt to changing situations. The expression and implementation of this representational plasticity depends on the statistics of specific inpu ...
... Experiments in mammalian sensory cortex have shown that large populations of neurons can be substantially reorganized when required to learn novel stimuli and adapt to changing situations. The expression and implementation of this representational plasticity depends on the statistics of specific inpu ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
Hypothalamic Regulation of Sleep
... would spare fibers of passage has also not produced consistent effects. In two studies from the same laboratory (Denoyer et al. 1991; Sallanon et al. 1988), ibotenic acid applied to the posterior hypothalamus produced a hypersomnia for 1–4 days followed by hyposomnia; REM sleep was increased only du ...
... would spare fibers of passage has also not produced consistent effects. In two studies from the same laboratory (Denoyer et al. 1991; Sallanon et al. 1988), ibotenic acid applied to the posterior hypothalamus produced a hypersomnia for 1–4 days followed by hyposomnia; REM sleep was increased only du ...
Fig. 1
... normalized to the values obtained for a control antibody to correct for variation in the amount of total protein loaded. 2.5. Statistical analysis All experiments were repeated at least three times and the results are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical differences betwee ...
... normalized to the values obtained for a control antibody to correct for variation in the amount of total protein loaded. 2.5. Statistical analysis All experiments were repeated at least three times and the results are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical differences betwee ...
Kimchi terkel seeing and not seeing current opinion in neuro 2002
... data). Such a mechanism of orientation could explain the mole rat’s ability to maintain its tunnel at constant depth (10–20 cm deep) parallel to the surface [4] as well as to determine the size, matter and relative location of an obstacle it must detour (Figure 3) [24]. Tactile cues ...
... data). Such a mechanism of orientation could explain the mole rat’s ability to maintain its tunnel at constant depth (10–20 cm deep) parallel to the surface [4] as well as to determine the size, matter and relative location of an obstacle it must detour (Figure 3) [24]. Tactile cues ...
Optimized Parallel Coding of Second
... Efficient processing of sensory input is essential to ensure an organism’s survival in its natural environment. Growing evidence suggests that sensory neurons can optimally encode natural stimuli by ensuring that their tuning opposes stimulus statistics, such that the resulting neuronal response con ...
... Efficient processing of sensory input is essential to ensure an organism’s survival in its natural environment. Growing evidence suggests that sensory neurons can optimally encode natural stimuli by ensuring that their tuning opposes stimulus statistics, such that the resulting neuronal response con ...
What is the function of the claustrum? - Christof Koch
... holding a rose, you smell its fragrance and see its red petals while feeling its textured stem with your fingers. The philosopher Searle (2004) refers to the ‘conscious field’ in this context.1 There is an approximate consensus among scholars who speculate on the neuronal basis of consciousness that ...
... holding a rose, you smell its fragrance and see its red petals while feeling its textured stem with your fingers. The philosopher Searle (2004) refers to the ‘conscious field’ in this context.1 There is an approximate consensus among scholars who speculate on the neuronal basis of consciousness that ...
neuronal types and their specification dynamics in
... ”fight-or-flight” response, which prepares the body to either face the stressor or flee from it. Once the stressor is removed, the parasympathetic nervous system restores the homeostasis by bringing the body to a ”rest-and-digest” state. It is believed that autonomic neurons respond in an “all-or-no ...
... ”fight-or-flight” response, which prepares the body to either face the stressor or flee from it. Once the stressor is removed, the parasympathetic nervous system restores the homeostasis by bringing the body to a ”rest-and-digest” state. It is believed that autonomic neurons respond in an “all-or-no ...
SLEEP
... survival, are REM independent; but activities involving assimilation of unusual information require REM sleep for optimal consolidation” (Greenberg and Pearlman 1974 p.516) Perhaps simpler tasks don’t need REM sleep but complex ones do or new knowledge do (Pearlman, 1979; Stickgold, 2001) ...
... survival, are REM independent; but activities involving assimilation of unusual information require REM sleep for optimal consolidation” (Greenberg and Pearlman 1974 p.516) Perhaps simpler tasks don’t need REM sleep but complex ones do or new knowledge do (Pearlman, 1979; Stickgold, 2001) ...
Sensory Afferent Neurotransmission in Caudal Nucleus Tractus
... to the depolarizing current (i.e. DE), reduces the discharge rate attained during the depolarizing current and can greatly reduce or eliminate SFA. Various neurons in mNTS with excitatory connections to ST all show DE and SFA, but to varying degrees. Using a comprehensive mathematical model represen ...
... to the depolarizing current (i.e. DE), reduces the discharge rate attained during the depolarizing current and can greatly reduce or eliminate SFA. Various neurons in mNTS with excitatory connections to ST all show DE and SFA, but to varying degrees. Using a comprehensive mathematical model represen ...
The Big Picture File
... Sensory input = general visceral sensory (afferent) neurons Motor output = general visceral motor (efferent) neurons ...
... Sensory input = general visceral sensory (afferent) neurons Motor output = general visceral motor (efferent) neurons ...