Folie 1
... • Is not clear, because… …both can be context independent …both can be counted as having symbols …both can be localist or distributed ...
... • Is not clear, because… …both can be context independent …both can be counted as having symbols …both can be localist or distributed ...
Modulation of Responses of Feline Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract
... during the positioning phase. The drugs were ejected by ionophoresis by passing a positive constant current for 1–3 minutes. They were ejected with 20 nA, but the current was reduced to 8 –10 nA if the electrodes showed a tendency to block. During the recovery period, the drugcontaining electrode wa ...
... during the positioning phase. The drugs were ejected by ionophoresis by passing a positive constant current for 1–3 minutes. They were ejected with 20 nA, but the current was reduced to 8 –10 nA if the electrodes showed a tendency to block. During the recovery period, the drugcontaining electrode wa ...
Telencephalon
... Afferent different neurons have different patterns of termination on dendrites and soma of striatal projection neurons spine shaft spine head ...
... Afferent different neurons have different patterns of termination on dendrites and soma of striatal projection neurons spine shaft spine head ...
PDF
... between primary motor cortex and the adjacent premotor cortex is uncertain. A traditional view is that premotor cortex instructs primary motor cortex, which in turn instructs the spinal cord (Fulton, 1935). However, both premotor and primary motor cortex project directly to the spinal cord in comple ...
... between primary motor cortex and the adjacent premotor cortex is uncertain. A traditional view is that premotor cortex instructs primary motor cortex, which in turn instructs the spinal cord (Fulton, 1935). However, both premotor and primary motor cortex project directly to the spinal cord in comple ...
PDF - Folia Biologica
... An important stimulus in research of interneurons was the discovery that these elements express an inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA, and enzymatic systems of glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD 65 (65 kDalton) and GAD 67 (67 kDalton) synthesizing GABA from glutamic acid. It was thus demonstrated that t ...
... An important stimulus in research of interneurons was the discovery that these elements express an inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA, and enzymatic systems of glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD 65 (65 kDalton) and GAD 67 (67 kDalton) synthesizing GABA from glutamic acid. It was thus demonstrated that t ...
Descending Systems Translate Transient Cortical Commands into a
... Controlling motor actions requires online adjustments of timevarying parameters. Although numerous studies have attempted to identify the parameters coded in different motor sites, the relationships between the temporal profile of neuronal responses and the dynamics of motor behavior remain poorly u ...
... Controlling motor actions requires online adjustments of timevarying parameters. Although numerous studies have attempted to identify the parameters coded in different motor sites, the relationships between the temporal profile of neuronal responses and the dynamics of motor behavior remain poorly u ...
Galanin in Alzheimer s disease: Neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?
... injury. Along these lines, GAL is dramatically upregulated following several experimental injury paradigms in the rat central and peripheral nervous systems, including olfactory bulbectomy [50], hypophysectomy [51], neurochemical dorsal raphe lesions [52], immunotoxic basal forebrain lesions [53], p ...
... injury. Along these lines, GAL is dramatically upregulated following several experimental injury paradigms in the rat central and peripheral nervous systems, including olfactory bulbectomy [50], hypophysectomy [51], neurochemical dorsal raphe lesions [52], immunotoxic basal forebrain lesions [53], p ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... approximate best speed. Speed selectivity was then tested quantitatively with the use of a stimulus moving at different speeds in the preferred direction. In these tests for speed and direction selectivity, stimuli were presented in pseudorandom order until data had been collected for 16 trials for ...
... approximate best speed. Speed selectivity was then tested quantitatively with the use of a stimulus moving at different speeds in the preferred direction. In these tests for speed and direction selectivity, stimuli were presented in pseudorandom order until data had been collected for 16 trials for ...
Medullary control of nociceptive transmission
... CVLM and the spinal cord suggested a special role of its lateralmost part- the VLMlat- in pain modulation [6]. The VLMlat targets exclusively spinal layers involved in nociceptive transmission, namely laminae I, IV–V and X, and receives nociceptive input from laminae I–III [6]. That the VLMlat is th ...
... CVLM and the spinal cord suggested a special role of its lateralmost part- the VLMlat- in pain modulation [6]. The VLMlat targets exclusively spinal layers involved in nociceptive transmission, namely laminae I, IV–V and X, and receives nociceptive input from laminae I–III [6]. That the VLMlat is th ...
Eye movement control by the cerebral cortex
... methods compared with the classical lesion and electrical stimulation studies? First, they can both be used in normal subjects, who are clearly easier to explore than patients with either small focal lesions or a pathology warranting direct electrical stimulation of their cerebral cortex. Secondly, ...
... methods compared with the classical lesion and electrical stimulation studies? First, they can both be used in normal subjects, who are clearly easier to explore than patients with either small focal lesions or a pathology warranting direct electrical stimulation of their cerebral cortex. Secondly, ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... Although we focus presently on reward, all reinforcement processes, including aversive learning and reactions, are subjected to timing processes. The term ‘timing’ refers not only to the duration of an event but also to the moment at which the event is likely to occur (temporal prediction). Both dur ...
... Although we focus presently on reward, all reinforcement processes, including aversive learning and reactions, are subjected to timing processes. The term ‘timing’ refers not only to the duration of an event but also to the moment at which the event is likely to occur (temporal prediction). Both dur ...
Differential functional connectivity of rostral
... resolution of interference from emotional information, and recruitment of appropriate cognitive and motor control, a series of functions that require active communication between limbic, striatal, prefrontal and sensorimotor regions (Bush et al., 2000; Pollatos et al., 2007; Heatherton and Wagner, 2 ...
... resolution of interference from emotional information, and recruitment of appropriate cognitive and motor control, a series of functions that require active communication between limbic, striatal, prefrontal and sensorimotor regions (Bush et al., 2000; Pollatos et al., 2007; Heatherton and Wagner, 2 ...
PDF
... protein P38 as described previously [15,16]. The immunolabeling pattern observed here was similar to that in other studies of mouse neurons, providing a characteristic punctate labeling [17,18]. The antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is an intermediate filament (IF) prote ...
... protein P38 as described previously [15,16]. The immunolabeling pattern observed here was similar to that in other studies of mouse neurons, providing a characteristic punctate labeling [17,18]. The antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is an intermediate filament (IF) prote ...
Schwartz
... Contour plots of a region of interest surrounding the focus were superimposed over the angle, spatial frequency and ocular dominance maps using IDL (Research Systems, Inc.). Four evenly spaced contours were chosen to represent the range of the optical amplitude of the focus starting at a level equal ...
... Contour plots of a region of interest surrounding the focus were superimposed over the angle, spatial frequency and ocular dominance maps using IDL (Research Systems, Inc.). Four evenly spaced contours were chosen to represent the range of the optical amplitude of the focus starting at a level equal ...
Impact of acute inflammation on spinal motoneuron synaptic
... protein P38 as described previously [15,16]. The immunolabeling pattern observed here was similar to that in other studies of mouse neurons, providing a characteristic punctate labeling [17,18]. The antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is an intermediate filament (IF) prote ...
... protein P38 as described previously [15,16]. The immunolabeling pattern observed here was similar to that in other studies of mouse neurons, providing a characteristic punctate labeling [17,18]. The antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is an intermediate filament (IF) prote ...
The role of the mirror neuron system in action understanding and
... Since the discovery of mirror neurons in Macaque monkeys there has been a lot of speculation about the possibility of a similar mirror neuron system in humans and the role of these neurons. One possible function of the mirror neurons could be the understanding of actions made by others. The linkage ...
... Since the discovery of mirror neurons in Macaque monkeys there has been a lot of speculation about the possibility of a similar mirror neuron system in humans and the role of these neurons. One possible function of the mirror neurons could be the understanding of actions made by others. The linkage ...
Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes
... Sensory neurons, motor neurons and interneurons interconnect to produce both simple and complex reflexes (automatic responses coordinated entirely within the spinal cord). ...
... Sensory neurons, motor neurons and interneurons interconnect to produce both simple and complex reflexes (automatic responses coordinated entirely within the spinal cord). ...
Differential Impairment of Individuated Finger Movements in
... Seven subjects with pure motor hemiparesis (age range 49 –72 yr, Table 1) and nine neurologically intact, control subjects (age range 19 –52 yr) participated in this study. The study protocol was approved by the Research Subjects Review Board of the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, ...
... Seven subjects with pure motor hemiparesis (age range 49 –72 yr, Table 1) and nine neurologically intact, control subjects (age range 19 –52 yr) participated in this study. The study protocol was approved by the Research Subjects Review Board of the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, ...
Zhang Yufeng - USD Biology
... Obtain reward and avoid punishment • 5-HT system is involved in the decrease of behavioral activity both to avoid aversive events with a prediction of punishment as well as to achieve rewards with a prediction of reward • Go/no-go task: action restraint • Stop-signal reaction time task: action can ...
... Obtain reward and avoid punishment • 5-HT system is involved in the decrease of behavioral activity both to avoid aversive events with a prediction of punishment as well as to achieve rewards with a prediction of reward • Go/no-go task: action restraint • Stop-signal reaction time task: action can ...
Somatotopic mapping of natural upper- and lower
... gamma (HG) frequency range (>60 Hz) constitute a spatially, temporally, and functionally-specific index of cortical processing in ECoG (Crone et al., 1998, 2001a,b; Leuthardt et al., 2012; Miller et al., 2007a; Pfurtscheller et al., 2003), electroencephalography (EEG; Ball et al., 2008), and magnetoe ...
... gamma (HG) frequency range (>60 Hz) constitute a spatially, temporally, and functionally-specific index of cortical processing in ECoG (Crone et al., 1998, 2001a,b; Leuthardt et al., 2012; Miller et al., 2007a; Pfurtscheller et al., 2003), electroencephalography (EEG; Ball et al., 2008), and magnetoe ...
The State of the Art of Respiratory Control
... still unclear. Also, whether or not there was only one nucleus responsible for respiratory rhythm and pattern generation or if the rhythmic behavior was the result of a distributed network of neurons throughout the brainstem was also unknown. These two considerations are still a matter of debate and ...
... still unclear. Also, whether or not there was only one nucleus responsible for respiratory rhythm and pattern generation or if the rhythmic behavior was the result of a distributed network of neurons throughout the brainstem was also unknown. These two considerations are still a matter of debate and ...
An Animal Model of Early-treated PKU
... each animal was placed in the other goal arm of the same maze. For forced choice training, an animal was placed in the start box, and the door ofonly one goal arm was raised. The pup was rewarded for entering the goal arm. This was repeated for a total of 12 trials, six to the right and six to the l ...
... each animal was placed in the other goal arm of the same maze. For forced choice training, an animal was placed in the start box, and the door ofonly one goal arm was raised. The pup was rewarded for entering the goal arm. This was repeated for a total of 12 trials, six to the right and six to the l ...
Subgraphs of functional brain networks identify dynamical
... demands placed on neural systems, empirical evidence suggests that the brain employs putative cognitive control processes that gate information and select among competing representations and processes (Botvinick et al., 2001). Functional brain networks that flexibly coordinate interactions between d ...
... demands placed on neural systems, empirical evidence suggests that the brain employs putative cognitive control processes that gate information and select among competing representations and processes (Botvinick et al., 2001). Functional brain networks that flexibly coordinate interactions between d ...
What is the role of muscle receptors in proprioception?
... much of the 20th century, it was believed that kinesthesia was dependent on peripheral afferent signals, but they were thought to be largely of nonmuscular origin, arising in the joints.33 It was the experiments of Goodwin et al.12 that provided the first direct evidence that signals from muscle spi ...
... much of the 20th century, it was believed that kinesthesia was dependent on peripheral afferent signals, but they were thought to be largely of nonmuscular origin, arising in the joints.33 It was the experiments of Goodwin et al.12 that provided the first direct evidence that signals from muscle spi ...