The Nucleus Basalis of Meynert
... but many small islands of cell clusters of this type are encountered in other regions of the basal forebrain.6 Therefore, drawing precise boundaries for the nucleus basalis is difficult. The primate nucleus basalis receives afferents from the amygdala, the lateral hypothalamus, the lateral pre-optic ...
... but many small islands of cell clusters of this type are encountered in other regions of the basal forebrain.6 Therefore, drawing precise boundaries for the nucleus basalis is difficult. The primate nucleus basalis receives afferents from the amygdala, the lateral hypothalamus, the lateral pre-optic ...
Turtle Dorsal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons Comprise Two Distinct Cell
... type and circuit-specific therapies to treat brain disorders [9]. As a case in point, the laminar organization of pyramidal neurons in neocortex (Fig 1A) plays a key role in the processing of visual inputs, as indicated by layer and cell-type specificity of sensory responses [10–14]. The search for ...
... type and circuit-specific therapies to treat brain disorders [9]. As a case in point, the laminar organization of pyramidal neurons in neocortex (Fig 1A) plays a key role in the processing of visual inputs, as indicated by layer and cell-type specificity of sensory responses [10–14]. The search for ...
Bone formation: Biological aspects and modelling problems
... Roughly speaking, for a suitable window of values of the parameters appearing in the model, the (a,b) system generates stripes due to the saturation of the autocatalysis by means of the term sa . 0: Due to a baseline inhibitor production (represented by the term bb), growth in a requires triggering ...
... Roughly speaking, for a suitable window of values of the parameters appearing in the model, the (a,b) system generates stripes due to the saturation of the autocatalysis by means of the term sa . 0: Due to a baseline inhibitor production (represented by the term bb), growth in a requires triggering ...
Neuronal morphology in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana
... Economo neurons in the anterior insular cortex of elephants (Hakeem et al. 2009), one can only extrapolate the neural foundations for these cognitively demanding abilities. For example, based on the low density of neurons in their cerebral cortex, it has been suggested that the elephants’ cognitive ...
... Economo neurons in the anterior insular cortex of elephants (Hakeem et al. 2009), one can only extrapolate the neural foundations for these cognitively demanding abilities. For example, based on the low density of neurons in their cerebral cortex, it has been suggested that the elephants’ cognitive ...
The Central Nervous System
... • Rapid opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels • Na+ entry causes rapid depolarization ...
... • Rapid opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels • Na+ entry causes rapid depolarization ...
Horizontal Synaptic Connections in Monkey Prefrontal Cortex: An In
... Diagram illustrating the typical location of a multielectrode stimulation array (with electrodes numbered 1–24) and whole-cell recording electrode in layer 3 of a coronal slice. Bipolar stimulation was applied using adjacent wires, the cathode always being closer to the cell. Recorded cells were loc ...
... Diagram illustrating the typical location of a multielectrode stimulation array (with electrodes numbered 1–24) and whole-cell recording electrode in layer 3 of a coronal slice. Bipolar stimulation was applied using adjacent wires, the cathode always being closer to the cell. Recorded cells were loc ...
The Physiology of the Senses Lecture 6 Visually Guided Actions
... is initially coded in a retinotopic (eye centered) frame of with) can occur unconsciously. reference. B: Proprioceptive sense of limb position is initially Recall that the ventral stream is subject coded in a somatotopic frame. C: The auditory system to perspective illusions. The length of line may ...
... is initially coded in a retinotopic (eye centered) frame of with) can occur unconsciously. reference. B: Proprioceptive sense of limb position is initially Recall that the ventral stream is subject coded in a somatotopic frame. C: The auditory system to perspective illusions. The length of line may ...
Reinforcement Learning Using a Continuous Time Actor
... Animals repeat rewarded behaviors, but the physiological basis of reward-based learning has only been partially elucidated. On one hand, experimental evidence shows that the neuromodulator dopamine carries information about rewards and affects synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the theory of re ...
... Animals repeat rewarded behaviors, but the physiological basis of reward-based learning has only been partially elucidated. On one hand, experimental evidence shows that the neuromodulator dopamine carries information about rewards and affects synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the theory of re ...
How Does the Brain Produce Movement?
... and arm. Sensory information from the sensory receptors in the fingers travels to the spinal cord, and from there messages are visual system is required to direct the hand to the cup, and sensory informasent to sensory regions of the cortex that control touch. The sensory cortex, in turn, intion fro ...
... and arm. Sensory information from the sensory receptors in the fingers travels to the spinal cord, and from there messages are visual system is required to direct the hand to the cup, and sensory informasent to sensory regions of the cortex that control touch. The sensory cortex, in turn, intion fro ...
Olfactory System Anatomy
... Mitral cells are secondorder neurons contacted by the olfactory nerve fibers at the glomerular layer of the bulb. The glomerular layer is the most superficial layer, consisting of mitral cell dendritic arborizations (glomeruli), olfactory nerve fibers, and periglomerular cells. Periglomerular cells ...
... Mitral cells are secondorder neurons contacted by the olfactory nerve fibers at the glomerular layer of the bulb. The glomerular layer is the most superficial layer, consisting of mitral cell dendritic arborizations (glomeruli), olfactory nerve fibers, and periglomerular cells. Periglomerular cells ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... above. 5 Roughly speaking, it seems as though each area of the mammalian cortex receives input, via the thalamus, from that sub-cortical structure which was performing similar cognitive functions in more primitive animals. For instance, analysis of visual input and integration of visual, auditory an ...
... above. 5 Roughly speaking, it seems as though each area of the mammalian cortex receives input, via the thalamus, from that sub-cortical structure which was performing similar cognitive functions in more primitive animals. For instance, analysis of visual input and integration of visual, auditory an ...
Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system
... cardiorespiratory system. At the most simplistic level, central cardiovascular control is concerned with the maintenance of ‘tone’ in the cardiovascular system and the elaboration of reflex responses to sudden changes in blood pressure, oxygen, pH or other inputs such as regional requirements for in ...
... cardiorespiratory system. At the most simplistic level, central cardiovascular control is concerned with the maintenance of ‘tone’ in the cardiovascular system and the elaboration of reflex responses to sudden changes in blood pressure, oxygen, pH or other inputs such as regional requirements for in ...
Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... numbers of putative excitatory inputs received by these cells. Pyramidal cells in prefrontal cortex have, on average, up to 23 times more dendritic spines than those in the primary visual area. I propose that without these specializations in the structure of pyramidal cells, and the circuits they fo ...
... numbers of putative excitatory inputs received by these cells. Pyramidal cells in prefrontal cortex have, on average, up to 23 times more dendritic spines than those in the primary visual area. I propose that without these specializations in the structure of pyramidal cells, and the circuits they fo ...
ch 48 nervous system
... • Nervous systems process information in three stages: sensory input, integration, and motor output ...
... • Nervous systems process information in three stages: sensory input, integration, and motor output ...
Growth and Targeting of Subplate Axons and Establishment of Major
... in the white matter and then exit cortex and extend subcortically by passing through an axonal pathway, termed the internal capsule, that forms in the basal telencephalon. Layer 6 axons extend through the internal capsule and directly into the thalamus. Layer 5 axons pass through the full extent of ...
... in the white matter and then exit cortex and extend subcortically by passing through an axonal pathway, termed the internal capsule, that forms in the basal telencephalon. Layer 6 axons extend through the internal capsule and directly into the thalamus. Layer 5 axons pass through the full extent of ...
Desired EEG Signals For Detecting Brain Tumor Using Indu Sekhar Samant
... from and quite differently than the rest of the body. The brain contains about 10 Billion working brain cells. They are called neurons and make over 13 Trillion connections with each other to form the most sophisticated organic computer on the planet maybe even the universe. By today's computer stan ...
... from and quite differently than the rest of the body. The brain contains about 10 Billion working brain cells. They are called neurons and make over 13 Trillion connections with each other to form the most sophisticated organic computer on the planet maybe even the universe. By today's computer stan ...
19 TROCHLEAR NUCLEUS (C.N. IV)
... proper, contains preganglionic parasympathetic (visceromotor) neurons whose axons end in the ciliary ganglion. Short postganglionic parasympathetic axons then pass from the ciliary ganglion to the sphincter pupillae of the iris and the ciliary muscles of the eye (for changing shape of lens in accomm ...
... proper, contains preganglionic parasympathetic (visceromotor) neurons whose axons end in the ciliary ganglion. Short postganglionic parasympathetic axons then pass from the ciliary ganglion to the sphincter pupillae of the iris and the ciliary muscles of the eye (for changing shape of lens in accomm ...
19. Senses General and Special
... Receptors (recipio = to receive) are structures that detect stimuli. They range in complexity from the relatively simple dendritic ending of a sensory neuron to complex structures called sense organs whose nerve endings are associated with epithelium, connective tissue, or muscular tissue. Receptors ...
... Receptors (recipio = to receive) are structures that detect stimuli. They range in complexity from the relatively simple dendritic ending of a sensory neuron to complex structures called sense organs whose nerve endings are associated with epithelium, connective tissue, or muscular tissue. Receptors ...
No Slide Title
... Figure 18-5 S (first column), FR (second column), and FF (third column) motor units of cat gastrocnemius, showing the anatomical components (A), twitch response to a single stimulus (B), and responses to intermittent bursts of action potentials (C) for each. The same time and force scale applies to ...
... Figure 18-5 S (first column), FR (second column), and FF (third column) motor units of cat gastrocnemius, showing the anatomical components (A), twitch response to a single stimulus (B), and responses to intermittent bursts of action potentials (C) for each. The same time and force scale applies to ...
Impact of a deletion of the full-length and short isoform of
... Analyses of mice carrying a deletion of the pan-neurotrophin receptor p75NTR have allowed identifying p75NTR as an important structural regulator of the hippocampus. Most of the previous analyses were done using p75NTRExIII knockout mice which still express the short isoform of p75NTR. To scrutinize ...
... Analyses of mice carrying a deletion of the pan-neurotrophin receptor p75NTR have allowed identifying p75NTR as an important structural regulator of the hippocampus. Most of the previous analyses were done using p75NTRExIII knockout mice which still express the short isoform of p75NTR. To scrutinize ...
5-28-2007
... clinical literature. This latter term, however, lost its significance in the light of recent tracer and histochemical studies indicating that the main part of the basal forebrain that was previously called the substantia innominata belongs to nearby and better defined anatomical systems. The rostra ...
... clinical literature. This latter term, however, lost its significance in the light of recent tracer and histochemical studies indicating that the main part of the basal forebrain that was previously called the substantia innominata belongs to nearby and better defined anatomical systems. The rostra ...
Different Stimuli, Different Spatial Codes: A Visual Map and an
... periphery. This coding format discrepancy therefore poses a potential problem for brain regions responsible for representing both visual and auditory information. Here, we investigated the coding of auditory space in the primate superior colliculus(SC), a structure known to contain visual and oculom ...
... periphery. This coding format discrepancy therefore poses a potential problem for brain regions responsible for representing both visual and auditory information. Here, we investigated the coding of auditory space in the primate superior colliculus(SC), a structure known to contain visual and oculom ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... All animal protocols were approved by and performed in accordance with the regulations of the local veterinary commission in Lausanne, Switzerland. Dorsal root lesions (rhizotomies) were performed in Neurocan and Brevican double-knockout mice bred on a C57Bl/6 genetic background and in genetically m ...
... All animal protocols were approved by and performed in accordance with the regulations of the local veterinary commission in Lausanne, Switzerland. Dorsal root lesions (rhizotomies) were performed in Neurocan and Brevican double-knockout mice bred on a C57Bl/6 genetic background and in genetically m ...