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... In the present study we address these issues. We have investigated the two major thalamic cell classes implicated in sleep oscillations, TC and RE neurons, through intracellular recordings and, in some instances, by means of dual impalements of TC cells or TC and RE cells. Local inhibitory thalamic ...
... In the present study we address these issues. We have investigated the two major thalamic cell classes implicated in sleep oscillations, TC and RE neurons, through intracellular recordings and, in some instances, by means of dual impalements of TC cells or TC and RE cells. Local inhibitory thalamic ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
Sensory Afferent Neurotransmission in Caudal Nucleus Tractus
... types of calcium channels are present in the baroreceptor and other sensory neuron soma. A small component of the total calcium current is contributed by a low threshold T-type channel Caj (Andresen and Kunze, 1994). High threshold calcium current is present in unidentified sensory soma (Andresen an ...
... types of calcium channels are present in the baroreceptor and other sensory neuron soma. A small component of the total calcium current is contributed by a low threshold T-type channel Caj (Andresen and Kunze, 1994). High threshold calcium current is present in unidentified sensory soma (Andresen an ...
Researchers inch closer to causes, cures for insomnia, narcolepsy
... It may signal the body to mistakenly kill orexin neurons too. “It makes sense disorders will undoubtedly lead to better that these cells die due to some kind of therapies, and maybe even preventions. inflammation,” says Aran, who collabo- More than that, though, scientists may rated with Mignot on t ...
... It may signal the body to mistakenly kill orexin neurons too. “It makes sense disorders will undoubtedly lead to better that these cells die due to some kind of therapies, and maybe even preventions. inflammation,” says Aran, who collabo- More than that, though, scientists may rated with Mignot on t ...
Uncx4.1 and vertebral column development
... bodies and the intervertebral discs. In contrast, neural arches and ribs can be traced back to lateral sclerotomal regions. However, cell labeling experiments performed in the avian system suggested that there is no simple relation between the vertebrae and the somites. Rather, the vertebral body is ...
... bodies and the intervertebral discs. In contrast, neural arches and ribs can be traced back to lateral sclerotomal regions. However, cell labeling experiments performed in the avian system suggested that there is no simple relation between the vertebrae and the somites. Rather, the vertebral body is ...
Quasi-isometric Representation of Three Dimensional
... Correspondence with the LSM theory • The neural network may be treated as a liquid • The readout function receives only the current state of the liquid and transforms it to an output signal • The system can perform several tasks simultaneously ...
... Correspondence with the LSM theory • The neural network may be treated as a liquid • The readout function receives only the current state of the liquid and transforms it to an output signal • The system can perform several tasks simultaneously ...
Change of vanilloid receptor 1 expression in dorsal root ganglion
... this period of hyperalgesia. From day 1 to day 21 after CFA injection into the hind paw of rats (Fig. 1), VR1 expression in DRG and the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn increased, with a peak at days 7–14; the ratio of VR1-positive neurons per DRG at day 1 and day 14 after CFA injection ...
... this period of hyperalgesia. From day 1 to day 21 after CFA injection into the hind paw of rats (Fig. 1), VR1 expression in DRG and the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn increased, with a peak at days 7–14; the ratio of VR1-positive neurons per DRG at day 1 and day 14 after CFA injection ...
New Roles for the External Globus Pallidus in Basal Ganglia Circuits
... mechanisms of communication between the GPe and STN that may shed light on why circuitry within the GPe is so prone to disruption under conditions of low dopamine. We will also extend our discussion of cellular mechanisms of pathophysiology in the GPe beyond neurons to consider the role of glia in G ...
... mechanisms of communication between the GPe and STN that may shed light on why circuitry within the GPe is so prone to disruption under conditions of low dopamine. We will also extend our discussion of cellular mechanisms of pathophysiology in the GPe beyond neurons to consider the role of glia in G ...
Preserving information in neural transmission - CNL
... time available for recordings. The signal-to-noise ratio needed to record EPSPs extracellularly meant that the electrode was often very close to, if not touching, the cell. Recordings rarely lasted more than an hour, because the neuron could be injured with even minor relative motion between the ele ...
... time available for recordings. The signal-to-noise ratio needed to record EPSPs extracellularly meant that the electrode was often very close to, if not touching, the cell. Recordings rarely lasted more than an hour, because the neuron could be injured with even minor relative motion between the ele ...
Neurochemical and Cellular Reorganization of the Spinal Cord in a
... Twenty-one days after injection, bone destruction was not observed in animals that received sham injection into the femur or animals that received injection of 2472 sarcoma cells into the quadriceps muscle. In animals receiving injection of 2472 sarcoma cells into the quadriceps muscle, the tumor ha ...
... Twenty-one days after injection, bone destruction was not observed in animals that received sham injection into the femur or animals that received injection of 2472 sarcoma cells into the quadriceps muscle. In animals receiving injection of 2472 sarcoma cells into the quadriceps muscle, the tumor ha ...
Directed Differentiation of Mesendoderm Derivatives from
... In amniotes, mesoderm and endoderm arise during gastrulation, the process that derives the three primary germ layers and establishes the basic body plan of the embryo. However, in recent years there has been a new appreciation for a very early stage of development, when some blastomeres are bipotent ...
... In amniotes, mesoderm and endoderm arise during gastrulation, the process that derives the three primary germ layers and establishes the basic body plan of the embryo. However, in recent years there has been a new appreciation for a very early stage of development, when some blastomeres are bipotent ...
Divided by Cytochrome Oxidase: A Map of the Projections from V1 to
... The link from V1 to V2 is a major pathway through which most visual signals pass before dissemination to the rest of extrastriate cortex (18–21). By making [3H]proline injections into V1, we have shown that pale stripes receive the strongest striate input (22). We have now mapped the V1-to-V2 projec ...
... The link from V1 to V2 is a major pathway through which most visual signals pass before dissemination to the rest of extrastriate cortex (18–21). By making [3H]proline injections into V1, we have shown that pale stripes receive the strongest striate input (22). We have now mapped the V1-to-V2 projec ...
The Involvement of Recurrent Connections in Area CA3 in
... factor for the individual weights. Local feedback and feedforward inhibition are thought to play an important and complex role in neural dynamics in CA3. Inhibitory interneurons are spatially much less selective than pyramidal neurons, but their activity during locomotion changes periodically at the ...
... factor for the individual weights. Local feedback and feedforward inhibition are thought to play an important and complex role in neural dynamics in CA3. Inhibitory interneurons are spatially much less selective than pyramidal neurons, but their activity during locomotion changes periodically at the ...
No Binocular Rivalry in the LGN of Alert Macaque Monkeys
... visual world by mutual enhancement between sensory inputs and higher-level hypotheses that support each other, and attenuation of irrelevant or incompatible features. There have been a number of previous studies searching for the physiological basis of binocular rivalry. Varela and Singer (1987) rep ...
... visual world by mutual enhancement between sensory inputs and higher-level hypotheses that support each other, and attenuation of irrelevant or incompatible features. There have been a number of previous studies searching for the physiological basis of binocular rivalry. Varela and Singer (1987) rep ...
KISHORE Aswathy - School of Computing
... representation of the object. In the area which stores information about a feature, different neurons are selective to different values of the feature. Thus, if a red circle is presented in the scene, in the area where colour information is stored, neurons which code for the colour ‘red’ will be act ...
... representation of the object. In the area which stores information about a feature, different neurons are selective to different values of the feature. Thus, if a red circle is presented in the scene, in the area where colour information is stored, neurons which code for the colour ‘red’ will be act ...
Novel approaches to explore mechanisms of
... and signaling properties involved in the mechanisms of epileptogenesis and induction of seizures, to guide a rational search for such future treatments. In the present thesis, we have applied optogenetics to study these questions, a technology based on modified microbial membrane channels or pumps t ...
... and signaling properties involved in the mechanisms of epileptogenesis and induction of seizures, to guide a rational search for such future treatments. In the present thesis, we have applied optogenetics to study these questions, a technology based on modified microbial membrane channels or pumps t ...
Ch. 14 CNS textbook
... usually complain of fever and severe headaches, as well as neck stiffness and pain. Depending on the primary cause, meningitis may be mild and self-limiting or may progress to a severe, perhaps fatal, condition. If only the spinal meninges are involved, the condition is called spinal meningitis. ...
... usually complain of fever and severe headaches, as well as neck stiffness and pain. Depending on the primary cause, meningitis may be mild and self-limiting or may progress to a severe, perhaps fatal, condition. If only the spinal meninges are involved, the condition is called spinal meningitis. ...
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... The difference between limb and flank regions in this regard confirms observations by Smith et al. (1975) that the composition of the subectodermal matrix in the limb differs from that of the flank. Furthermore, intense labeling of the limb basement membrane corresponds with the continued high mitot ...
... The difference between limb and flank regions in this regard confirms observations by Smith et al. (1975) that the composition of the subectodermal matrix in the limb differs from that of the flank. Furthermore, intense labeling of the limb basement membrane corresponds with the continued high mitot ...
Slide 1
... The pain from the burning heat of the candle flame stimulates the afferent nerve fibers, which carry the message up to the interneurons in the middle of the spinal cord. The interneurons then send a message out by means of the efferent nerve fibers, causing the hand to jerk away from the flame. ...
... The pain from the burning heat of the candle flame stimulates the afferent nerve fibers, which carry the message up to the interneurons in the middle of the spinal cord. The interneurons then send a message out by means of the efferent nerve fibers, causing the hand to jerk away from the flame. ...
Increased cell proliferation and granule cell number in the dentate
... generalized seizures at "30 days of age and usually die following a severe seizure episode at an average of 42 days of age (Kim et al., 1997, 1999; Yamamoto et al., 1998; Ikegaya et al., 2001; Farrar and Clarke, 2002). Pcmt1–/– mice also have a progressive enlargement of the brain (Yamamoto et al., ...
... generalized seizures at "30 days of age and usually die following a severe seizure episode at an average of 42 days of age (Kim et al., 1997, 1999; Yamamoto et al., 1998; Ikegaya et al., 2001; Farrar and Clarke, 2002). Pcmt1–/– mice also have a progressive enlargement of the brain (Yamamoto et al., ...
Stimulation Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Can Evoke
... the upper thoracic segments of the spinal cord in a neonatal rat brain stem-spinal cord preparation. Neurons were identified as SPNs on the basis of their antidromic activation after stimulation of the ipsilateral segmental ventral root and their morphology and location in the intermediolateral cell ...
... the upper thoracic segments of the spinal cord in a neonatal rat brain stem-spinal cord preparation. Neurons were identified as SPNs on the basis of their antidromic activation after stimulation of the ipsilateral segmental ventral root and their morphology and location in the intermediolateral cell ...
Experimentally cross-wired lingual taste nerves can restore normal
... the CT) nerve is essential for the maintenance of both an unconditioned protective reflex (gaping) and the neural activity observed in central gustatory structures in response to lingual application of a bitter substance. An unresolved issue, however, is whether recovery depends more on the taste ne ...
... the CT) nerve is essential for the maintenance of both an unconditioned protective reflex (gaping) and the neural activity observed in central gustatory structures in response to lingual application of a bitter substance. An unresolved issue, however, is whether recovery depends more on the taste ne ...
Bayer Exp Br Res 1983
... (Bayer and Altman 1974). This method provides an accurate estimate of the proportion of neurons originating on each day of embryonic life and on blocks of two to four days of early postnatal life. The rationale for initiating this research was to see whether or not the chronology of neurogenesis wit ...
... (Bayer and Altman 1974). This method provides an accurate estimate of the proportion of neurons originating on each day of embryonic life and on blocks of two to four days of early postnatal life. The rationale for initiating this research was to see whether or not the chronology of neurogenesis wit ...