Time Is Brain—Quantified
... first 2 weeks to 3 months poststroke. Unless fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is used to suppress CSF background, magnetic resonance T2-weighted images may overestimate lesion size because of partial volume averaging. Also, both T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences are vulnerable to the foggin ...
... first 2 weeks to 3 months poststroke. Unless fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is used to suppress CSF background, magnetic resonance T2-weighted images may overestimate lesion size because of partial volume averaging. Also, both T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences are vulnerable to the foggin ...
Age-related naturally occurring depression of
... showed an impaired performance in trace conditioning (Shors et al., 2001, 2002), but not in Morris water maze (Shors et al., 2002). Moreover, they found that a MAM-treatment between 8 and 2 days before training did not affect trace conditioning, but did so when the treatment was carried out between ...
... showed an impaired performance in trace conditioning (Shors et al., 2001, 2002), but not in Morris water maze (Shors et al., 2002). Moreover, they found that a MAM-treatment between 8 and 2 days before training did not affect trace conditioning, but did so when the treatment was carried out between ...
Avian pelvis originates from lateral plate mesoderm and its
... expression of Emx2 and prevents normal development of the ilium but does not affect the expression of Pax1 or Alx4 and the development of the pubis and ischium. Thus, the development of the ilium, but not of the pubis and ischium, depends on somitic and ectodermal signals. Keywords Pelvic girdle . S ...
... expression of Emx2 and prevents normal development of the ilium but does not affect the expression of Pax1 or Alx4 and the development of the pubis and ischium. Thus, the development of the ilium, but not of the pubis and ischium, depends on somitic and ectodermal signals. Keywords Pelvic girdle . S ...
View/Open
... central nervous system in the sympathetic ganglia and must recaive an'impulse from the C.N.S. by way of pre-ganglionic fibers. They are small, stellate or star-shaped cells cont2ining fine Nisslgranules and having a non-medulated neuraxis. Sensory cells of the dorsal root ganglia. of these neurons a ...
... central nervous system in the sympathetic ganglia and must recaive an'impulse from the C.N.S. by way of pre-ganglionic fibers. They are small, stellate or star-shaped cells cont2ining fine Nisslgranules and having a non-medulated neuraxis. Sensory cells of the dorsal root ganglia. of these neurons a ...
Lecture 6: Single neuron models
... One of the most popular neuronal models (simple but capture important neuronal properties) One of the oldest... proposed by Lapicque (1907) way before the mechanisms that generate action potential we understood Neurons integrate inputs (synaptic currents) from other neurons, and when “enough” are re ...
... One of the most popular neuronal models (simple but capture important neuronal properties) One of the oldest... proposed by Lapicque (1907) way before the mechanisms that generate action potential we understood Neurons integrate inputs (synaptic currents) from other neurons, and when “enough” are re ...
Lecture 8 - EdUHK Moodle
... Communication Between Neurons LO 2.2 How Neurons Use Neurotransmitters to Communicate ...
... Communication Between Neurons LO 2.2 How Neurons Use Neurotransmitters to Communicate ...
REVIEW ARTICLE
... postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) (mainly GABAB receptors: Berman and Maler, 1998a). Although these cells were hypothesised to be involved in the rejection of common-mode electrosensory inputs (Bastian et al., 1993), the role of slow inhibition in this function is unclear (Berman and Maler, 1998a). EL ...
... postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) (mainly GABAB receptors: Berman and Maler, 1998a). Although these cells were hypothesised to be involved in the rejection of common-mode electrosensory inputs (Bastian et al., 1993), the role of slow inhibition in this function is unclear (Berman and Maler, 1998a). EL ...
aud
... The negative sign here simply means that the signal will be 30 dB weaker on the fluid side of the boundary. Consequently, if the airborne sound wave were to directly drive a simple membrane covering the oval window, a 30 dB loss in signal intensity would occur at the air-fluid boundary. This is not ...
... The negative sign here simply means that the signal will be 30 dB weaker on the fluid side of the boundary. Consequently, if the airborne sound wave were to directly drive a simple membrane covering the oval window, a 30 dB loss in signal intensity would occur at the air-fluid boundary. This is not ...
Sònia Najas Sales Role of DYRK1A in the development of Syndrome
... Intellectual disability is the most invalidating hallmark in Down syndrome (DS), which is caused by an extra copy of human chromosome (HSA) 21. The analysis of brain tissue from foetuses and children with DS and from trisomic mice that model the syndrome indicated that intellectual disability in DS ...
... Intellectual disability is the most invalidating hallmark in Down syndrome (DS), which is caused by an extra copy of human chromosome (HSA) 21. The analysis of brain tissue from foetuses and children with DS and from trisomic mice that model the syndrome indicated that intellectual disability in DS ...
The dynamic spatio-temporal behavior of visual responses in
... a part of the thalamus, and the visual cortex with its many different areas. All these structures are connected by afferent fibers and the hierarchical arrangement, which dominates the first levels, is given up at the level of the cortex, where it is replaced by a widely branching parallel connectiv ...
... a part of the thalamus, and the visual cortex with its many different areas. All these structures are connected by afferent fibers and the hierarchical arrangement, which dominates the first levels, is given up at the level of the cortex, where it is replaced by a widely branching parallel connectiv ...
An ontology of human developmental anatomy
... from the extra-embryonic component, mainly because so little early sectioned material exists), the three germ layers and their early derivatives, and the various body cavities. In the later stages, as the embryo matures (> CS10), less attention is paid to the extra-embryonic membranes, and the lists ...
... from the extra-embryonic component, mainly because so little early sectioned material exists), the three germ layers and their early derivatives, and the various body cavities. In the later stages, as the embryo matures (> CS10), less attention is paid to the extra-embryonic membranes, and the lists ...
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-like Molecules in the Retina
... with the pattern of the retinotectal projection (the retinotectal projection is almost completely crossed). HRP crystals were placed in contact with the central cut end of the left optic nerve in an anesthetized frog. Two to three days later the animal was reanesthetized and perfused with fixative. ...
... with the pattern of the retinotectal projection (the retinotectal projection is almost completely crossed). HRP crystals were placed in contact with the central cut end of the left optic nerve in an anesthetized frog. Two to three days later the animal was reanesthetized and perfused with fixative. ...
Rationalizing Context-Dependent Preferences: Divisive
... The question of whether stochastic choice behaviour can be rationalized, and how such behaviour depends on the choice set, has long been of interest in economics. Block and Marschak (1960) first laid out a necessary regularity condition for the existence of a random utility representation, under whi ...
... The question of whether stochastic choice behaviour can be rationalized, and how such behaviour depends on the choice set, has long been of interest in economics. Block and Marschak (1960) first laid out a necessary regularity condition for the existence of a random utility representation, under whi ...
The Inferior Parietal Lobule Is the Target of Output from the Superior
... ointment was placed in the eyes. A craniotomy was performed over the parietal lobe, and the dura was incised and reflected to expose the region of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received ...
... ointment was placed in the eyes. A craniotomy was performed over the parietal lobe, and the dura was incised and reflected to expose the region of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received ...
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... Etiology and pathogenesis of nervous disorders The causes and conditions of occurrence of disorders of the nervous system Pathogenic factors that cause damage to the nervous system, are exogenous or endogenous nature. Exogenous factors may be pathogenic neurotropic, certain structures affecting the ...
... Etiology and pathogenesis of nervous disorders The causes and conditions of occurrence of disorders of the nervous system Pathogenic factors that cause damage to the nervous system, are exogenous or endogenous nature. Exogenous factors may be pathogenic neurotropic, certain structures affecting the ...
Labeled lines meet and talk: population coding of somatic sensations
... innocuous cold range (25~28°C), defined in heterologous systems (33, 34). This threshold is lower than that of many human C2 fibers (> 30°C) (18). However, in vivo cold sensitivity of sensory neurons can be modulated by other factors, such as the expression of two potassium channels, TREK1 and TRAAK ...
... innocuous cold range (25~28°C), defined in heterologous systems (33, 34). This threshold is lower than that of many human C2 fibers (> 30°C) (18). However, in vivo cold sensitivity of sensory neurons can be modulated by other factors, such as the expression of two potassium channels, TREK1 and TRAAK ...
Auditory physiology chapter
... The negative sign here simply means that the signal will be 30 dB weaker on the fluid side of the boundary. Consequently, if the airborne sound wave were to directly drive a simple membrane covering the oval window, a 30 dB loss in signal intensity would occur at the air-fluid boundary. This is not ...
... The negative sign here simply means that the signal will be 30 dB weaker on the fluid side of the boundary. Consequently, if the airborne sound wave were to directly drive a simple membrane covering the oval window, a 30 dB loss in signal intensity would occur at the air-fluid boundary. This is not ...
Periods and Stages of the Prenatal Development of the
... During the delamination phase, the gastrula is characterized by the formation of the inner endodermal layer. The gastrula is about 1.5 · 1 mm, egg-shaped, with tall cells in the embryonic shield, without visible cover (Fig. 4). The literature describes a blastocyst with zona, with endoderm formation ...
... During the delamination phase, the gastrula is characterized by the formation of the inner endodermal layer. The gastrula is about 1.5 · 1 mm, egg-shaped, with tall cells in the embryonic shield, without visible cover (Fig. 4). The literature describes a blastocyst with zona, with endoderm formation ...
Activity Regulates the Incidence of Heteronymous Sensory
... (A) Schematic of lumbar spinal-hindlimb preparation. Stimulating electrodes were placed in TA, EDL, and PL muscles to activate proprioceptive fibers. Ventral roots were cut and placed into suction electrodes for either stimulation or recording. Motor neurons (green) were visually identified followin ...
... (A) Schematic of lumbar spinal-hindlimb preparation. Stimulating electrodes were placed in TA, EDL, and PL muscles to activate proprioceptive fibers. Ventral roots were cut and placed into suction electrodes for either stimulation or recording. Motor neurons (green) were visually identified followin ...
Neural dynamics of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movement
... and time-delay adaptation within a Robinson-type model were also simulated in Arakawa (2003). However, none of these models addressed SAC–SPEM interactions. 2. Model overview The new SAC–SPEM model circuit (Fig. 1) consists of two parallel, yet interacting, processing streams. It unifies and further ...
... and time-delay adaptation within a Robinson-type model were also simulated in Arakawa (2003). However, none of these models addressed SAC–SPEM interactions. 2. Model overview The new SAC–SPEM model circuit (Fig. 1) consists of two parallel, yet interacting, processing streams. It unifies and further ...
48_lecture_presentation - Course
... • Many animals have a complex nervous system which consists of: – A central nervous system (CNS) where integration takes place; this includes the brain and a nerve cord. – A peripheral nervous system (PNS), which brings information into and out of the CNS. ...
... • Many animals have a complex nervous system which consists of: – A central nervous system (CNS) where integration takes place; this includes the brain and a nerve cord. – A peripheral nervous system (PNS), which brings information into and out of the CNS. ...
The Circuitry of V1 and V2 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and distributes it to separate domains in V2 for transmission to higher visual areas. During the past 20 years, schemes for the functional organization of V1 and V2 have been based on a tripartite framework developed by Livingstone & Hubel (1988). Since then ...
... from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and distributes it to separate domains in V2 for transmission to higher visual areas. During the past 20 years, schemes for the functional organization of V1 and V2 have been based on a tripartite framework developed by Livingstone & Hubel (1988). Since then ...
Chemical Senses
... “orange juice, and “bacon.” This perception of three odors from hundreds of intermixed molecules is a feat of perceptual organization. ...
... “orange juice, and “bacon.” This perception of three odors from hundreds of intermixed molecules is a feat of perceptual organization. ...
The Receptive Fields of Inferior Temporal Cortex Neurons in Natural
... This resulted in a large number of firing rate measurements, each of which was at a given distance from the effective visual stimulus for the cell. [The distance from the target object (S⫹) and the distractor object (S⫺) is plotted in Figure 2. It is clear when the monkey found the target, because a ...
... This resulted in a large number of firing rate measurements, each of which was at a given distance from the effective visual stimulus for the cell. [The distance from the target object (S⫹) and the distractor object (S⫺) is plotted in Figure 2. It is clear when the monkey found the target, because a ...