Saccade-Related Spread of Activity Across Superior Colliculus May
... The kernel used in these simulations was defined as the difference between an excitatory function (E) and an inhibitory function (I). For the function E, we considered a Gaussian function either on SC (an SC-symmetric kernel) or in the visual field (an SC-asymmetric kernel). For the function I, a Ga ...
... The kernel used in these simulations was defined as the difference between an excitatory function (E) and an inhibitory function (I). For the function E, we considered a Gaussian function either on SC (an SC-symmetric kernel) or in the visual field (an SC-asymmetric kernel). For the function I, a Ga ...
A Quantitative Map of the Circuit of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... formed by the presynaptic neurons of type j and Nu the number of neurons in layer u. In its simplest form, Peters’s rule states that the Sju synapses distribute evenly over the Nu potential target neurons (i.e., each neuron in layer u receives Sju/Nu synapses of type j). However, this rule ignores s ...
... formed by the presynaptic neurons of type j and Nu the number of neurons in layer u. In its simplest form, Peters’s rule states that the Sju synapses distribute evenly over the Nu potential target neurons (i.e., each neuron in layer u receives Sju/Nu synapses of type j). However, this rule ignores s ...
Comparison of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions
... chemoreceptors, are distributed throughout the body. Mechanoreceptors sense pressure, stretch, or tension. Slow-adapting mechanoreceptors sense fullness in the bowel, bladder, and stomach. Fast-adapting mechanoreceptors sense the movement in the lungs and arteries. The second receptor type, chemorec ...
... chemoreceptors, are distributed throughout the body. Mechanoreceptors sense pressure, stretch, or tension. Slow-adapting mechanoreceptors sense fullness in the bowel, bladder, and stomach. Fast-adapting mechanoreceptors sense the movement in the lungs and arteries. The second receptor type, chemorec ...
A STUDY OF PRO- AND ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE FACTORS IN A MODEL... ASSOCIATED VISCERAL PAIN by Jessica Rose Benson
... acute colitis. However, five weeks later SP immunoreactivity was increased both in the dorsal horn (4 fold; P < 0.01) and central canal (P < 0.001). In the cervical spinal cord, SP immunoreactivity was not increased following colitis, suggesting that changes seen in the thoracic level were specific ...
... acute colitis. However, five weeks later SP immunoreactivity was increased both in the dorsal horn (4 fold; P < 0.01) and central canal (P < 0.001). In the cervical spinal cord, SP immunoreactivity was not increased following colitis, suggesting that changes seen in the thoracic level were specific ...
The Octopus: A Model for a Comparative Analysis of the Evolution of
... quantify (Boycott and Young, 1955a). Furthermore, due to the octopus’s natural “curiosity,” this pattern of behavior can be initiated by various artificial targets, thus creating conditions ideal for visual discrimination experiments (Fiorito and Scotto, 1992). Third, octopuses are resilient to inva ...
... quantify (Boycott and Young, 1955a). Furthermore, due to the octopus’s natural “curiosity,” this pattern of behavior can be initiated by various artificial targets, thus creating conditions ideal for visual discrimination experiments (Fiorito and Scotto, 1992). Third, octopuses are resilient to inva ...
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... local connectivity) changes. Understanding how learning rules at each of these three levels interact to give rise to behaviorally useful plasticity will require a concerted effort by experimentalists, theoreticians, and modelers. In the following brief report, we summarize our finding that manipulati ...
... local connectivity) changes. Understanding how learning rules at each of these three levels interact to give rise to behaviorally useful plasticity will require a concerted effort by experimentalists, theoreticians, and modelers. In the following brief report, we summarize our finding that manipulati ...
Regulation of synaptic functions in central nervous system by
... (Figure 1B) [21,37,38]. The response to leptin in ARC neurons mainly contributes to satiety. Leptin can also directly regulate mesolimbic VTA (ventral tegmental area) DA (dopaminergic) neurons (Figure 2A) [39]. Recently, a subgroup of neurons in LHA was identified to expresses LepRb, but not orexin/ ...
... (Figure 1B) [21,37,38]. The response to leptin in ARC neurons mainly contributes to satiety. Leptin can also directly regulate mesolimbic VTA (ventral tegmental area) DA (dopaminergic) neurons (Figure 2A) [39]. Recently, a subgroup of neurons in LHA was identified to expresses LepRb, but not orexin/ ...
May 2015
... A) illustrates the process of identifying key anatomical landmarks by gently palpating ribs through the pleura and counting them. In B) the pleura is being pulled slightly away from structures beneath it so that it can be opened by coagulation, as in C), without damage to underlying structures. D) s ...
... A) illustrates the process of identifying key anatomical landmarks by gently palpating ribs through the pleura and counting them. In B) the pleura is being pulled slightly away from structures beneath it so that it can be opened by coagulation, as in C), without damage to underlying structures. D) s ...
brain derived neurotrophic factor transport and physiological
... family consists of NGF, BDNF, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5). More recently, members of numerous other families of proteins, such as glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, were also discovered and have the capability to regulate neuronal survival, development and ...
... family consists of NGF, BDNF, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5). More recently, members of numerous other families of proteins, such as glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, were also discovered and have the capability to regulate neuronal survival, development and ...
Glutamate Inhibits GABA Excitatory Activity in
... possible interaction between the two primary transmitters of the brain during early development. If both GABA and glutamate are excitatory, what prevents the neurons in the developing brain from simply getting caught in a positive feedback cycle of runaway excitation that might lead to seizure-like ...
... possible interaction between the two primary transmitters of the brain during early development. If both GABA and glutamate are excitatory, what prevents the neurons in the developing brain from simply getting caught in a positive feedback cycle of runaway excitation that might lead to seizure-like ...
Spiking Neurons - Computing Science and Mathematics
... zone between the soma and the axon is of special interest. In this area the the essential non-linear processing step occurs. If the total excitation caused by the input is sufficient , an output signal is emitted which is propagated along the axon and its branches to other neurons. The junction betw ...
... zone between the soma and the axon is of special interest. In this area the the essential non-linear processing step occurs. If the total excitation caused by the input is sufficient , an output signal is emitted which is propagated along the axon and its branches to other neurons. The junction betw ...
Linking Objects to Actions: Encoding of Target Object and Grasping
... estimates based on binned spike counts and dimensionality reduction using PCA or multidimensional scaling (Vargas-Irwin et al., 2015). We have also shown that the SSIMS algorithm is robust over a wide range of parameter settings and capable of accurately classifying reaching and grasping movements f ...
... estimates based on binned spike counts and dimensionality reduction using PCA or multidimensional scaling (Vargas-Irwin et al., 2015). We have also shown that the SSIMS algorithm is robust over a wide range of parameter settings and capable of accurately classifying reaching and grasping movements f ...
Segmentation in frogs
... the compendium edited by Bellairs, Ede & Lash (1986) (see also, Cooke (1981) for an overview). The present paper reviews evidence relating to a single question. At what stage in development do the cells that will populate adjacent segments become iso- ...
... the compendium edited by Bellairs, Ede & Lash (1986) (see also, Cooke (1981) for an overview). The present paper reviews evidence relating to a single question. At what stage in development do the cells that will populate adjacent segments become iso- ...
Central nervous system control of food intake and body
... central nervous system (CNS) processes information of surprising variety and complexity. With the aid of cognitive, visual and olfactory cues, food items must first be identified and distinguished from a nearly infinite array of potentially toxic environmental constituents. Using taste information, ...
... central nervous system (CNS) processes information of surprising variety and complexity. With the aid of cognitive, visual and olfactory cues, food items must first be identified and distinguished from a nearly infinite array of potentially toxic environmental constituents. Using taste information, ...
Sound processing by local neural populations in the
... numbers of synaptically connected neurons. The combination of the computation individual neurons perform on their input with the pattern of flow of activation between the neurons create population activation patterns which underlie perception and are largely unknown. However, studies have shown that ...
... numbers of synaptically connected neurons. The combination of the computation individual neurons perform on their input with the pattern of flow of activation between the neurons create population activation patterns which underlie perception and are largely unknown. However, studies have shown that ...
Trigeminal Ganglion Cell Processes Are
... The construction of vibrissa-related central patterns is thought to occur under the directive guidance of periphery (Van der Loos and DGrfl, 1978; Van der Loos and Welker, 1985; Woolsey, 1987). However, little is known about developmental strategies used by trigeminal ganglion cells to match topogra ...
... The construction of vibrissa-related central patterns is thought to occur under the directive guidance of periphery (Van der Loos and DGrfl, 1978; Van der Loos and Welker, 1985; Woolsey, 1987). However, little is known about developmental strategies used by trigeminal ganglion cells to match topogra ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... pictures after 30 s, while fMRI images were obtained. The results showed an immediate (30 s) and long-lasting (3 day) decrease in neural activity in bilateral occipitotemporal cortex following both nameable and nonsense object repetition. In addition, decreases in left inferior frontal activity were ...
... pictures after 30 s, while fMRI images were obtained. The results showed an immediate (30 s) and long-lasting (3 day) decrease in neural activity in bilateral occipitotemporal cortex following both nameable and nonsense object repetition. In addition, decreases in left inferior frontal activity were ...
Cell-extracellular matrix interactions during early paraxial mesoderm
... make my work even better. I would like to thank Pedro Rifes for all the patience he had to teach me almost everything he knows about Development Biology and basically how to work in a laboratory. Besides, Pedro is the best co-worker one can aspire to work with. This thesis would not be completed in ...
... make my work even better. I would like to thank Pedro Rifes for all the patience he had to teach me almost everything he knows about Development Biology and basically how to work in a laboratory. Besides, Pedro is the best co-worker one can aspire to work with. This thesis would not be completed in ...
PDF
... Our bodies and the environment constrain our movements. For example, when our arm is fully outstretched, we cannot extend it further. More generally, the distribution of possible movements ...
... Our bodies and the environment constrain our movements. For example, when our arm is fully outstretched, we cannot extend it further. More generally, the distribution of possible movements ...
with task performance neural responses and determining their
... The methods we describe here are useful for analyzing the neural data from experiments in which experimental conditions are combinations of multiple stimulus parameters (e.g., sensory stimuli combined with different task instructions). Additionally, they can be applied to both parametric variation ( ...
... The methods we describe here are useful for analyzing the neural data from experiments in which experimental conditions are combinations of multiple stimulus parameters (e.g., sensory stimuli combined with different task instructions). Additionally, they can be applied to both parametric variation ( ...
Representation of Movement
... system for detecting and analyzing motion. The role of vision in guiding locomotion is evident from vection – the visually induced illusion of self-motion. This may be experienced when looking through the window of a stationary vehicle at another nearby stationary vehicle. If the other vehicle moves ...
... system for detecting and analyzing motion. The role of vision in guiding locomotion is evident from vection – the visually induced illusion of self-motion. This may be experienced when looking through the window of a stationary vehicle at another nearby stationary vehicle. If the other vehicle moves ...
Self-images in the video monitor coded by monkey intraparietal
... neurons also represent mental (or introspective) processes to create and sustain ‘subjective’ body-image in the brain, not only when it is visible but also when it is invisible and creating such an image only in the brain. Thus, among other brain areas which contain neurons representing similar bimo ...
... neurons also represent mental (or introspective) processes to create and sustain ‘subjective’ body-image in the brain, not only when it is visible but also when it is invisible and creating such an image only in the brain. Thus, among other brain areas which contain neurons representing similar bimo ...