Fernando de Castro and the discovery of the arterial chemoreceptors
... any participation of this cranial nerve (the IX cranial pair) in the innervation of the CB. In 1833–1834 August Franz Joseph Karl Mayer, the creator of the term histology, rediscovered the CB in man and several other species and named it ganglion intercaroticum. Besides describing it as a constant o ...
... any participation of this cranial nerve (the IX cranial pair) in the innervation of the CB. In 1833–1834 August Franz Joseph Karl Mayer, the creator of the term histology, rediscovered the CB in man and several other species and named it ganglion intercaroticum. Besides describing it as a constant o ...
Mesodermal anatomies in cnidarian polyps and medusae
... locomotion system, located within the organism in a position suited for optimal biomechanical and physiological efficiency (reviewed in Rieger and Laduner, 2003; Seipel and Schmid, 2005). In the anatomies of most extant bilaterian phyla (except arthropoda) this muscle system is located between the o ...
... locomotion system, located within the organism in a position suited for optimal biomechanical and physiological efficiency (reviewed in Rieger and Laduner, 2003; Seipel and Schmid, 2005). In the anatomies of most extant bilaterian phyla (except arthropoda) this muscle system is located between the o ...
The Neurons of the Medial Geniculate Body in the Mustached Bat
... The neurons in the medial geniculate body were studied in Golgi preparations from adult mustached bats (Pteronotus parnellii). Their somatic and dendritic configurations were compared with those of cells in other, nonecholocating mammals. A second goal was to use the thalamic nuclear subdivisions de ...
... The neurons in the medial geniculate body were studied in Golgi preparations from adult mustached bats (Pteronotus parnellii). Their somatic and dendritic configurations were compared with those of cells in other, nonecholocating mammals. A second goal was to use the thalamic nuclear subdivisions de ...
The subiculum comes of age
... formations may innervate neurons that express normal or increased levels of the Cl importing cotransporter, NKCC1 (Muñoz et al., 2004). However, a subpopulation of neurons does not express NKCC1. Similarly, hypertrophic basket terminals contact neurons that are either immuno-positive or negative f ...
... formations may innervate neurons that express normal or increased levels of the Cl importing cotransporter, NKCC1 (Muñoz et al., 2004). However, a subpopulation of neurons does not express NKCC1. Similarly, hypertrophic basket terminals contact neurons that are either immuno-positive or negative f ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... There is a regular resting discharge back of the lower jaw (Norris and Hughes, from the ampullae (in Raja ocellata), i.e., 1920). nerve impulses are conducted along the axons that innervate the ampullae without Anatomy being stimulated. Indications are that this discharge is spontaneous because unde ...
... There is a regular resting discharge back of the lower jaw (Norris and Hughes, from the ampullae (in Raja ocellata), i.e., 1920). nerve impulses are conducted along the axons that innervate the ampullae without Anatomy being stimulated. Indications are that this discharge is spontaneous because unde ...
Title - HAL
... morphology (Klapstein et al., 2001). For all these reasons, quantitative analysis of dendritic arbors could be useful and may additionally, through testable models, help to gain insight into the possible rules and mechanisms involved in the growth and maintenance of these structures. In this perspec ...
... morphology (Klapstein et al., 2001). For all these reasons, quantitative analysis of dendritic arbors could be useful and may additionally, through testable models, help to gain insight into the possible rules and mechanisms involved in the growth and maintenance of these structures. In this perspec ...
The dual nature of time preparation: neural
... session, there were 30 stimulations per stimulation time, foreperiod duration and effectors. The scalar property of timing refers to the fact that although time judgements are accurate on average, the variability of these estimates increases linearly with the duration of the to-be-estimated interval ...
... session, there were 30 stimulations per stimulation time, foreperiod duration and effectors. The scalar property of timing refers to the fact that although time judgements are accurate on average, the variability of these estimates increases linearly with the duration of the to-be-estimated interval ...
Maruska & Tricas 2009b
... semicircular canals that serve a vestibular function to encode angular accelerations, and three otolithic endorgans (saccule, lagena, and utricle) that serve gravistasis and auditory functions to encode linear particle motion. Auditory information is transferred from the hair-cell sensory maculae vi ...
... semicircular canals that serve a vestibular function to encode angular accelerations, and three otolithic endorgans (saccule, lagena, and utricle) that serve gravistasis and auditory functions to encode linear particle motion. Auditory information is transferred from the hair-cell sensory maculae vi ...
Cortex-inspired Developmental Learning for Vision-based Navigation, Attention and Recognition
... behaviors in the challenging task of vision-based navigation, using reinforcement learning and supervised learning jointly. Locally Balanced Incremental Hierarchical Discriminant Regression (LBIHDR) Tree was developed as a cognitive mapping engine to automatically generate internal representations, ...
... behaviors in the challenging task of vision-based navigation, using reinforcement learning and supervised learning jointly. Locally Balanced Incremental Hierarchical Discriminant Regression (LBIHDR) Tree was developed as a cognitive mapping engine to automatically generate internal representations, ...
Early Appearance of Inhibitory Input to the MNTB Supports Binaural
... adult external ears (Mrsic-Flogel et al. 2003). Despite these peripheral and central constraints on auditory processing, developing animals can localize sounds using binaural cues (Kelly and Potash 1986). This raises the possibility that the developing nervous system makes use of age-specific specia ...
... adult external ears (Mrsic-Flogel et al. 2003). Despite these peripheral and central constraints on auditory processing, developing animals can localize sounds using binaural cues (Kelly and Potash 1986). This raises the possibility that the developing nervous system makes use of age-specific specia ...
Nondirected axonal growth on basal lamina from avian embryonic
... Hinds, 1974; Bodick and Levinthal, 1980; Rager, 1980; Krayanek and Goldberg, 1981; Roberts and Taylor, 1982; Easter et al. , 1984; Scott and Bunt, 1986; Williams et al., 1986). Basal laminae are 50-100-nm-thick sheets of highly condensed extracellular material localized at the basal side of epitheli ...
... Hinds, 1974; Bodick and Levinthal, 1980; Rager, 1980; Krayanek and Goldberg, 1981; Roberts and Taylor, 1982; Easter et al. , 1984; Scott and Bunt, 1986; Williams et al., 1986). Basal laminae are 50-100-nm-thick sheets of highly condensed extracellular material localized at the basal side of epitheli ...
Cicc4e_02-FINAL_PPT
... What are the nervous system, neurons, and nerves, and how do they relate to one another? How do neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other and with the body? How do the brain and spinal cord interact, and what are some misconceptions about the brain, and what is neuroplasticity? Ho ...
... What are the nervous system, neurons, and nerves, and how do they relate to one another? How do neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other and with the body? How do the brain and spinal cord interact, and what are some misconceptions about the brain, and what is neuroplasticity? Ho ...
Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
... V2 by two sensory roots. Since the ganglion is parasympathetic, there are preganglionic neurons feeding into it from the facial nerve (greater petrosal branch) that synapse at this point then continue onward as postganglionic neurons. ...
... V2 by two sensory roots. Since the ganglion is parasympathetic, there are preganglionic neurons feeding into it from the facial nerve (greater petrosal branch) that synapse at this point then continue onward as postganglionic neurons. ...
Gradual increase in neuronal density of rats
... 13. Meyer G, Albus K. Topography and cortical projections of morphologically identified neurons in the visual thalamus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 1981; 201: 353-374. 14. Hitchcock PF, Hickey TL. Morphology of C-laminae neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat: a Golgi ...
... 13. Meyer G, Albus K. Topography and cortical projections of morphologically identified neurons in the visual thalamus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 1981; 201: 353-374. 14. Hitchcock PF, Hickey TL. Morphology of C-laminae neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat: a Golgi ...
Hypocretin-2-Saporin Lesions of the Lateral Hypothalamus Produce
... Hypocretins (Hcrts) are recently discovered peptides linked to the human sleep disorder narcolepsy. Humans with narcolepsy have decreased numbers of Hcrt neurons and Hcrt-null mice also have narcoleptic symptoms. Hcrt neurons are located only in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) but neither electrolytic ...
... Hypocretins (Hcrts) are recently discovered peptides linked to the human sleep disorder narcolepsy. Humans with narcolepsy have decreased numbers of Hcrt neurons and Hcrt-null mice also have narcoleptic symptoms. Hcrt neurons are located only in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) but neither electrolytic ...
fulltext
... and control various aspects of neuronal activity to decipher their correlation to behavior. The Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2) packages glutamate into presynaptic vesicles for axonal terminal release. In this thesis, VGLUT2 was used to specifically target cell populations within the basa ...
... and control various aspects of neuronal activity to decipher their correlation to behavior. The Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2) packages glutamate into presynaptic vesicles for axonal terminal release. In this thesis, VGLUT2 was used to specifically target cell populations within the basa ...
P D F - Zoological Studies
... larvae by its distribution under the cilia band. Therefore, the catecholamines may be related to both the coordination of cilia movement and embryogenesis before the nervous tissue is formed. In the starfish embryo, blue fluorescent cells and axon tracts appear at the apical region, and then extend ...
... larvae by its distribution under the cilia band. Therefore, the catecholamines may be related to both the coordination of cilia movement and embryogenesis before the nervous tissue is formed. In the starfish embryo, blue fluorescent cells and axon tracts appear at the apical region, and then extend ...
video slide - Course Notes
... Overview: Command and Control Center • The circuits in the brain are more complex than the most powerful computers. • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to construct a 3-D map of brain activity. • The vertebrate brain is organized into regions with different functions. ...
... Overview: Command and Control Center • The circuits in the brain are more complex than the most powerful computers. • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to construct a 3-D map of brain activity. • The vertebrate brain is organized into regions with different functions. ...
Proprioceptive Eye Position Signals Are Still Missing a Sensory
... EOMs possess a unique structure, the palisade endings, which have long been posited to serve proprioceptive functions (Ruskell, 1978). EOMs differ from skeletal muscles in several respects. The nearly continuous activity of EOMs is carried out by specialized fatigue-resistant muscle fibers dominantl ...
... EOMs possess a unique structure, the palisade endings, which have long been posited to serve proprioceptive functions (Ruskell, 1978). EOMs differ from skeletal muscles in several respects. The nearly continuous activity of EOMs is carried out by specialized fatigue-resistant muscle fibers dominantl ...
weiten6_PPT04
... Fig 4.13 - Visual pathways through the brain. (a) Input from the right half of the visual field strikes the left side of each retina and is transmitted to the left hemisphere (shown in red). Input from the left half of the visual field strikes the right side of each retina and is transmitted to the ...
... Fig 4.13 - Visual pathways through the brain. (a) Input from the right half of the visual field strikes the left side of each retina and is transmitted to the left hemisphere (shown in red). Input from the left half of the visual field strikes the right side of each retina and is transmitted to the ...
The Netrins Define a Family of Axon Outgrowth
... to be involved in guiding developing axons as they first grow to their targets(Davies, 1987) or in guiding regenerating axons in vivo (Diamond et al., 1992). Neurotransmitters can induce growth cone turning in vitro (Zheng et al., 1994) but their involvement in axon guidance in vivo remains to be es ...
... to be involved in guiding developing axons as they first grow to their targets(Davies, 1987) or in guiding regenerating axons in vivo (Diamond et al., 1992). Neurotransmitters can induce growth cone turning in vitro (Zheng et al., 1994) but their involvement in axon guidance in vivo remains to be es ...
microcircuits in the striatum striatal cell types and their
... interneuron), despite their small numbers, have been increasingly recognized to play a dominant role for certain microcircuit aspects such as feed-forward inhibition and neuromodulation. Finally, the striatum, which receives the densest dopaminergic input in the brain, reveals a highly heterogeneous ...
... interneuron), despite their small numbers, have been increasingly recognized to play a dominant role for certain microcircuit aspects such as feed-forward inhibition and neuromodulation. Finally, the striatum, which receives the densest dopaminergic input in the brain, reveals a highly heterogeneous ...
1 also mediates MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation. In our
... SPG11 encodes a 2,443 amino acid protein named spatacsin. Regardless of the associated phenotype, the vast majority of mutations identified in SPG11 patients are nonsense or frameshift mutations, which are predicted to lead to spatacsin loss of function. To investigate how the loss of spatacsin fun ...
... SPG11 encodes a 2,443 amino acid protein named spatacsin. Regardless of the associated phenotype, the vast majority of mutations identified in SPG11 patients are nonsense or frameshift mutations, which are predicted to lead to spatacsin loss of function. To investigate how the loss of spatacsin fun ...
the evolution of body and brain, and of sensory
... of the Simian Neocortex........................................................................................... 318 6.2.1. Volumetric Expansion of the Simian Neocortex............................................ 318 6.2.2. Increased Foliation of the Simian Neocortex............................... ...
... of the Simian Neocortex........................................................................................... 318 6.2.1. Volumetric Expansion of the Simian Neocortex............................................ 318 6.2.2. Increased Foliation of the Simian Neocortex............................... ...
Huntington disease models and human neuropathology: similarities
... current understanding of the data gathered from the artiWcially induced huntingtin related abnormal mice, rats, or Xies is insuYcient. Hence the claim that these animals are models for HD may be, and probably is, an overstatement. Thus, the signiWcance of the Wndings they provide remains relative. T ...
... current understanding of the data gathered from the artiWcially induced huntingtin related abnormal mice, rats, or Xies is insuYcient. Hence the claim that these animals are models for HD may be, and probably is, an overstatement. Thus, the signiWcance of the Wndings they provide remains relative. T ...