Volumetric Two-photon Imaging of Neurons Using
... with movable objectives, remote focusing [11], or a liquid lens [6]. However, if the frame rate for single plane imaging is N frames/sec, and the number of planes imaged per volume in m, then the aggregate volume frame rate is reduced to N {m. Many calcium indicators have on-response kinetics below ...
... with movable objectives, remote focusing [11], or a liquid lens [6]. However, if the frame rate for single plane imaging is N frames/sec, and the number of planes imaged per volume in m, then the aggregate volume frame rate is reduced to N {m. Many calcium indicators have on-response kinetics below ...
The Development of Somites in the Chick Embryo
... side of the split, but the two rows were apparently not arranged in regular pairs except in the region posterior to the split. Sections showed that on the operated side the somites had no notochord associated with them; five of the seven specimens also had no neural tissue on the operated side, the ...
... side of the split, but the two rows were apparently not arranged in regular pairs except in the region posterior to the split. Sections showed that on the operated side the somites had no notochord associated with them; five of the seven specimens also had no neural tissue on the operated side, the ...
Fig. - Development - The Company of Biologists
... reproducing the spatial arrangement of peripheral facial receptors. Facial pattern provides a necessary template for map formation, but may be insufficient to impose a brain somatotopic pattern. In mice, lower jaw sensory information is relayed by the trigeminal nerve mandibular branch, whose axons ...
... reproducing the spatial arrangement of peripheral facial receptors. Facial pattern provides a necessary template for map formation, but may be insufficient to impose a brain somatotopic pattern. In mice, lower jaw sensory information is relayed by the trigeminal nerve mandibular branch, whose axons ...
The human brain in numbers: a linearly scaled-up
... primate or cetacean (Marino, 1998). The position of the human species as an outlier in the body × brain comparison is made clear if one considers that although gorillas and orangutans overlap or exceed humans in body size, their brains amount to only about one-third of the size of the human brain. T ...
... primate or cetacean (Marino, 1998). The position of the human species as an outlier in the body × brain comparison is made clear if one considers that although gorillas and orangutans overlap or exceed humans in body size, their brains amount to only about one-third of the size of the human brain. T ...
PDF
... evidence supports this suggestion, still more recent data advocate a refinement of the Actor to include only the dorsolateral striatum (with the dorsomedial striatum implicated in a different form of goal-directed action selection that cannot be supported computationally by an Actor/Critic architect ...
... evidence supports this suggestion, still more recent data advocate a refinement of the Actor to include only the dorsolateral striatum (with the dorsomedial striatum implicated in a different form of goal-directed action selection that cannot be supported computationally by an Actor/Critic architect ...
Facial whisker pattern is not sufficient to instruct a
... reproducing the spatial arrangement of peripheral facial receptors. Facial pattern provides a necessary template for map formation, but may be insufficient to impose a brain somatotopic pattern. In mice, lower jaw sensory information is relayed by the trigeminal nerve mandibular branch, whose axons ...
... reproducing the spatial arrangement of peripheral facial receptors. Facial pattern provides a necessary template for map formation, but may be insufficient to impose a brain somatotopic pattern. In mice, lower jaw sensory information is relayed by the trigeminal nerve mandibular branch, whose axons ...
Review Article Long-Term Memory Search across the
... electric stimulation (>20 Hz), accompanied by Ca2+ entry via NMDAR [59]. This gives the signal to up-regulate AMPAR incorporation at the postsynaptic membrane in the process called the long-term potentiation (LTP) [60, 61]. In naive spines, LTP requires activation of several AMPARs and strong enough ...
... electric stimulation (>20 Hz), accompanied by Ca2+ entry via NMDAR [59]. This gives the signal to up-regulate AMPAR incorporation at the postsynaptic membrane in the process called the long-term potentiation (LTP) [60, 61]. In naive spines, LTP requires activation of several AMPARs and strong enough ...
Development of the rat thalamus: VI. The posterior lobule of the
... sequential radiograms from rats injected with 3H-thymidine on day E l 5 and killed on days E l 6 and E17, the migration of young LGD neurons was followed in a posterolateral direction to the formative lateral geniculate body. By day E17, the day when the optic tract fibers begin to disperse over the ...
... sequential radiograms from rats injected with 3H-thymidine on day E l 5 and killed on days E l 6 and E17, the migration of young LGD neurons was followed in a posterolateral direction to the formative lateral geniculate body. By day E17, the day when the optic tract fibers begin to disperse over the ...
Biomimetic approaches to the control of underwater walking machines
... central pattern generator (CPG) model of the organization of innate motor systems (Kennedy & Davis 1977; Pearson 1993). The basis of this model is that the locomotory movements of different limbs are controlled by segmental CPGs resident in the spinal cord or ganglionic chain (Sillar et al. 1986; Se ...
... central pattern generator (CPG) model of the organization of innate motor systems (Kennedy & Davis 1977; Pearson 1993). The basis of this model is that the locomotory movements of different limbs are controlled by segmental CPGs resident in the spinal cord or ganglionic chain (Sillar et al. 1986; Se ...
Chapter 21: Control and Coordination
... cell body. Notice the branching at the end of the axon. This allows the impulses to move to many other muscles, neurons, or ...
... cell body. Notice the branching at the end of the axon. This allows the impulses to move to many other muscles, neurons, or ...
Neural networks engaged in milliseconds and seconds time
... 2008; Wittmann & Paulus 2008). In the past years, efforts have been made by neuroscientists to elucidate how all these complex interplays are coded by the brain. On the basis of recent studies conducted in animal models, in healthy subjects and in patients with neurological diseases, a new framework ...
... 2008; Wittmann & Paulus 2008). In the past years, efforts have been made by neuroscientists to elucidate how all these complex interplays are coded by the brain. On the basis of recent studies conducted in animal models, in healthy subjects and in patients with neurological diseases, a new framework ...
Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways
... We perceive the environment via sensor arrays and interact with it through motor outputs. The work of this thesis concerns how the brain selects actions given the information about the perceived state of the world and how it learns and adapts these selections to changes in this environment. This lea ...
... We perceive the environment via sensor arrays and interact with it through motor outputs. The work of this thesis concerns how the brain selects actions given the information about the perceived state of the world and how it learns and adapts these selections to changes in this environment. This lea ...
Contributions to the Understanding of the Neural Bases of
... So, consciousness is a function of numerous interacting systems. Certainly, without higher brain stem and diencephalic integration it cannot exist. In fact, consciousness is not a single process but a collection of many processes, such as those associated with language, thinking, memory, emotion, fe ...
... So, consciousness is a function of numerous interacting systems. Certainly, without higher brain stem and diencephalic integration it cannot exist. In fact, consciousness is not a single process but a collection of many processes, such as those associated with language, thinking, memory, emotion, fe ...
Developmental regulation and individual differences of neuronal
... increasing evidence that epigenetic alterations in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus play an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disease (2, 3). Cortical neurons permanently exit from the cell cycle during the fetal period, before the dramatic changes in fu ...
... increasing evidence that epigenetic alterations in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus play an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disease (2, 3). Cortical neurons permanently exit from the cell cycle during the fetal period, before the dramatic changes in fu ...
Cranial Nerve I
... Myelin Sheath and Neurilemma: Formation Formed by Schwann cells in the PNS and oligodendrocytes in the CNS A Schwann cell: Envelopes an axon in a trough Encloses the axon with its plasma membrane Has concentric layers of membrane that make up the myelin sheath Neurilemma – remaining nuc ...
... Myelin Sheath and Neurilemma: Formation Formed by Schwann cells in the PNS and oligodendrocytes in the CNS A Schwann cell: Envelopes an axon in a trough Encloses the axon with its plasma membrane Has concentric layers of membrane that make up the myelin sheath Neurilemma – remaining nuc ...
Spatiotemporal Properties of Eye Position Signals
... thalamus. Eye position--related neurons were found either at the dorsal surface, or >3 mm deep in the central thalamus, consistent with the previous study (Schlag-Rey and Schalg 1984). Histological examination showed that the dorsal group of eye position--related neurons distributed rather sparsely ...
... thalamus. Eye position--related neurons were found either at the dorsal surface, or >3 mm deep in the central thalamus, consistent with the previous study (Schlag-Rey and Schalg 1984). Histological examination showed that the dorsal group of eye position--related neurons distributed rather sparsely ...
The role of mirror neurons in cognition
... thought, mind, or consciousness emerge from mere chemical interactions of cells still remained far from our reach. It was becoming clear that anatomy and physiology by themselves were not sufficient to reveal every mystery of the brain, and a larger collaboration would be needed to aid their efforts ...
... thought, mind, or consciousness emerge from mere chemical interactions of cells still remained far from our reach. It was becoming clear that anatomy and physiology by themselves were not sufficient to reveal every mystery of the brain, and a larger collaboration would be needed to aid their efforts ...
Section 11.3
... • Nervous system infections are rare because its tissues are well protected. • Meningitis (men in JY tis) causes inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. • The most serious form of meningitis can be prevented with a vaccine. • A bite from an infected animal can transmit r ...
... • Nervous system infections are rare because its tissues are well protected. • Meningitis (men in JY tis) causes inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. • The most serious form of meningitis can be prevented with a vaccine. • A bite from an infected animal can transmit r ...
Predicting spike timing of neocortical pyramidal neurons by simple
... and that spike generation cannot be accounted for by a simple voltage or current threshold (Koch et al., 1995; FourcaudTrocmé et al., 2003). While minimal models cannot describe neuronal activity for all different types of artificial stimuli that can be applied in elaborate experimental paradigms, ...
... and that spike generation cannot be accounted for by a simple voltage or current threshold (Koch et al., 1995; FourcaudTrocmé et al., 2003). While minimal models cannot describe neuronal activity for all different types of artificial stimuli that can be applied in elaborate experimental paradigms, ...
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
... connections) were rare. Thus, fear conditioning leads to a shift in the balance of activity between distinct functional classes of CEl neurons embedded into highly organized local inhibitory circuits. On the basis of previous anatomical and in vitro electrophysiological studies in rats describing an ...
... connections) were rare. Thus, fear conditioning leads to a shift in the balance of activity between distinct functional classes of CEl neurons embedded into highly organized local inhibitory circuits. On the basis of previous anatomical and in vitro electrophysiological studies in rats describing an ...
What Is the Nervous System?
... Central Nervous System • The nervous system consists of two major divisions—the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. • The central nervous system is the control center of the body. It includes the brain and spinal cord. • The peripheral nervous system includes all the other part ...
... Central Nervous System • The nervous system consists of two major divisions—the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. • The central nervous system is the control center of the body. It includes the brain and spinal cord. • The peripheral nervous system includes all the other part ...
What Is the Nervous System?
... Central Nervous System • The nervous system consists of two major divisions—the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. • The central nervous system is the control center of the body. It includes the brain and spinal cord. • The peripheral nervous system includes all the other part ...
... Central Nervous System • The nervous system consists of two major divisions—the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. • The central nervous system is the control center of the body. It includes the brain and spinal cord. • The peripheral nervous system includes all the other part ...