Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... We can see things in three dimensions because the visual system re-constructs the three-dimensional (3D) configurations of objects from their two-dimensional (2D) images projected onto the retinas. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the psychological background and recent physiologi ...
... We can see things in three dimensions because the visual system re-constructs the three-dimensional (3D) configurations of objects from their two-dimensional (2D) images projected onto the retinas. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the psychological background and recent physiologi ...
An Imperfect Dopaminergic Error Signal Can Drive Temporal
... existing spiking reinforcement learning models have focused on non-TD learning strategies [24–30]. Some of these non-TD models have been shown to solve quite complex tasks, e.g. [28,30]. Aspects of TD learning in the context of spiking activity have been studied in [31–33]. However, the models devel ...
... existing spiking reinforcement learning models have focused on non-TD learning strategies [24–30]. Some of these non-TD models have been shown to solve quite complex tasks, e.g. [28,30]. Aspects of TD learning in the context of spiking activity have been studied in [31–33]. However, the models devel ...
Functional Organization of the Cat Visual Cortex in Relation to the
... enabling visualization of the spatial arrangement of the orientation-preference map have revealed the presence of both linear zones, where orientation preference gradually changes, and singular points and fractures, where orientation preference rapidly changes (Blasdel 1992; Bonhoeffer and Grinvald ...
... enabling visualization of the spatial arrangement of the orientation-preference map have revealed the presence of both linear zones, where orientation preference gradually changes, and singular points and fractures, where orientation preference rapidly changes (Blasdel 1992; Bonhoeffer and Grinvald ...
3. EMBRYONIC CEPHALOCAUDAL AND LATERAL FLEXION
... formation) and being a temporary “home” for the primordial germ cells. Folding and flexing At the end of gastrulation, the embryo is a flat trilaminar disk which is in contact with the extra-embryonic tissues at all of its surfaces (Fig. 3-4, 3-5). During the 4th week there is differential growth of ...
... formation) and being a temporary “home” for the primordial germ cells. Folding and flexing At the end of gastrulation, the embryo is a flat trilaminar disk which is in contact with the extra-embryonic tissues at all of its surfaces (Fig. 3-4, 3-5). During the 4th week there is differential growth of ...
Cell fate and morphogenetic movement in the
... retains Spemann organiser activity (Gont et al., 1993; Tucker, 1995b). Thus, production of mesoderm by ingression during gastrulation and its formation in situ in the tail bud may represent a continuum of the same process. The dynamic relationship between the primitive streak and the tail bud in mam ...
... retains Spemann organiser activity (Gont et al., 1993; Tucker, 1995b). Thus, production of mesoderm by ingression during gastrulation and its formation in situ in the tail bud may represent a continuum of the same process. The dynamic relationship between the primitive streak and the tail bud in mam ...
Neuronal Regulation Implements Efficient Synaptic Pruning
... By studying NR-driven synaptic modification in the framework of associative memory networks, we show that NR prunes the weaker synapses and modifies the remaining synapses in a sigmoidal manner. The critical variables that govern the pruning process are the degradation dimension and the upper synapt ...
... By studying NR-driven synaptic modification in the framework of associative memory networks, we show that NR prunes the weaker synapses and modifies the remaining synapses in a sigmoidal manner. The critical variables that govern the pruning process are the degradation dimension and the upper synapt ...
Brain Stem Involvement in Immune and Aversive Challenge Jakob Paues
... prostaglandins, which in turn can interact with the central nervous system (CNS) to affect behaviour. The CNS also memorises substances that have made us sick in the past to avoid future harm, a phenomenon called conditioned taste aversion (CTA). An often used model to study CTA is the intraperitone ...
... prostaglandins, which in turn can interact with the central nervous system (CNS) to affect behaviour. The CNS also memorises substances that have made us sick in the past to avoid future harm, a phenomenon called conditioned taste aversion (CTA). An often used model to study CTA is the intraperitone ...
Fig. 2 - eNeuro
... M), which specifically binds with nicotinic receptors at the tadpole neuromuscular junctions (Li et al., 2004b; Li et al., 2014). After immobilization with ␣-bungarotoxin, the tadpole was re-pinned in the dissection bath and further cuts were made to remove ependymal cells from the inside of the hi ...
... M), which specifically binds with nicotinic receptors at the tadpole neuromuscular junctions (Li et al., 2004b; Li et al., 2014). After immobilization with ␣-bungarotoxin, the tadpole was re-pinned in the dissection bath and further cuts were made to remove ependymal cells from the inside of the hi ...
Oxytocin Influence on the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
... NTS neurons and heterogeneous innervation by oxytocin-containing axons projecting from the paraventricular nucleus. The study includes a brief, but interesting, discussion of how innervation of the NTS by oxytocin-synthesizing paraventricular nucleus neurons may modulate homeostatic reflexes; we pro ...
... NTS neurons and heterogeneous innervation by oxytocin-containing axons projecting from the paraventricular nucleus. The study includes a brief, but interesting, discussion of how innervation of the NTS by oxytocin-synthesizing paraventricular nucleus neurons may modulate homeostatic reflexes; we pro ...
Specificity and Plasticity of Thalamocortical Connections in Sema6A
... A dynamic interplay exists between the processes of cortical arealization and those controlling the guidance and targeting of thalamocortical projections [1–5]. Early in development, both the thalamic field and the cortical sheet appear homogeneous in cytoarchitecture, and connections between them fo ...
... A dynamic interplay exists between the processes of cortical arealization and those controlling the guidance and targeting of thalamocortical projections [1–5]. Early in development, both the thalamic field and the cortical sheet appear homogeneous in cytoarchitecture, and connections between them fo ...
Functional characterization of the synaptic
... tumor or an infection in the adult brain and span throughout life. Although the underlying etiology of the various disorders might be different, all of them lead to similar brain dysfunctions (defects of the sensory and motor system) and to comparable cognitive deficits in learning and memory. Epile ...
... tumor or an infection in the adult brain and span throughout life. Although the underlying etiology of the various disorders might be different, all of them lead to similar brain dysfunctions (defects of the sensory and motor system) and to comparable cognitive deficits in learning and memory. Epile ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus (STN).1 The globus pallidus is further divided into the external segment (GPe) and the internal segment (GPi); the substantia nigra is divided into the pars reticulata (SNr) and pars compacta (SNc). The CD and PUT are the two input stations, ...
... globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus (STN).1 The globus pallidus is further divided into the external segment (GPe) and the internal segment (GPi); the substantia nigra is divided into the pars reticulata (SNr) and pars compacta (SNc). The CD and PUT are the two input stations, ...
Neurochemical excitation of propriospinal neurons facilitates
... Using the same preparation, the present series examines whether enhanced excitation of thoracic propriospinal neurons facilitates propagation of the locomotor command signal in the lesioned spinal cord. First, we identified neurotransmitters contributing to normal endogenous propriospinal transmissi ...
... Using the same preparation, the present series examines whether enhanced excitation of thoracic propriospinal neurons facilitates propagation of the locomotor command signal in the lesioned spinal cord. First, we identified neurotransmitters contributing to normal endogenous propriospinal transmissi ...
Read Neuroglia
... covers symptoms diagnosis and treatment of this painful nerve condition, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells the population, read neurogli ...
... covers symptoms diagnosis and treatment of this painful nerve condition, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells the population, read neurogli ...
Operant conditioning and motor cortex - D
... behavioral demands. Such claims are rooted in evidence from neurophysiology experiments that entail direct reinforcement of variation in the firing rates of single cortical neurons – that is, single unit operant conditioning experiments. However, such investigations have largely been limited to the ...
... behavioral demands. Such claims are rooted in evidence from neurophysiology experiments that entail direct reinforcement of variation in the firing rates of single cortical neurons – that is, single unit operant conditioning experiments. However, such investigations have largely been limited to the ...
The parasympathetic system
... • Within the autonomic nervous system, two neurons are required to reach a target organ, preganglionic neuron and a postganglionic neuron. • The preganglionic neuron originates in the central nervous system >> it forms synapse with the postganglionic neuron, the cell body of which is located in a ga ...
... • Within the autonomic nervous system, two neurons are required to reach a target organ, preganglionic neuron and a postganglionic neuron. • The preganglionic neuron originates in the central nervous system >> it forms synapse with the postganglionic neuron, the cell body of which is located in a ga ...
Differential innervation of superficial versus deep - HAL
... whereas LPGi neuron projections are confined to the superficial laminae I-II of the ipsilateral dorsal horn. All along the spinal cord, double-labeled PHA-L/5-HTT immunoreactive fibers, which represent only 5 e15% of all PHA-L-immunoreactive projections, exhibit the same differential locations dependin ...
... whereas LPGi neuron projections are confined to the superficial laminae I-II of the ipsilateral dorsal horn. All along the spinal cord, double-labeled PHA-L/5-HTT immunoreactive fibers, which represent only 5 e15% of all PHA-L-immunoreactive projections, exhibit the same differential locations dependin ...
Cell-Type Specific Channelopathies in the Prefrontal Cortex of the
... label PT neurons and a green tracer into either the contralateral striatum or contralateral mPFC to label IT neurons. In both genotypes, IT neurons were found throughout L2– 6, whereas PT neurons were restricted to L5/6. Within the deep layers, PT and IT neurons could be observed within close proxim ...
... label PT neurons and a green tracer into either the contralateral striatum or contralateral mPFC to label IT neurons. In both genotypes, IT neurons were found throughout L2– 6, whereas PT neurons were restricted to L5/6. Within the deep layers, PT and IT neurons could be observed within close proxim ...
Volumetric Two-photon Imaging of Neurons Using
... with movable objectives, remote focusing [11], or a liquid lens [6]. However, if the frame rate for single plane imaging is N frames/sec, and the number of planes imaged per volume in m, then the aggregate volume frame rate is reduced to N {m. Many calcium indicators have on-response kinetics below ...
... with movable objectives, remote focusing [11], or a liquid lens [6]. However, if the frame rate for single plane imaging is N frames/sec, and the number of planes imaged per volume in m, then the aggregate volume frame rate is reduced to N {m. Many calcium indicators have on-response kinetics below ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... et al., 2005). We therefore sought to investigate whether this transcription factor might function in the development of subcerebral and other CFu neurons. We first examined the temporal course and cell-type-specific expression of SOX5 protein in the neocortex during embryonic corticogenesis. We fin ...
... et al., 2005). We therefore sought to investigate whether this transcription factor might function in the development of subcerebral and other CFu neurons. We first examined the temporal course and cell-type-specific expression of SOX5 protein in the neocortex during embryonic corticogenesis. We fin ...