gaba-mediated inhibition correlates with orientation selectivity in
... selectivity is still debated. Several studies suggested that inhibition has no effect on sharpening orientation selectivity: neurons retain their orientation selectivity in intracellular inhibition-blocked experiments (Nelson et al., 1994), cooling experiments (Ferster et al., 1996) and shock-inacti ...
... selectivity is still debated. Several studies suggested that inhibition has no effect on sharpening orientation selectivity: neurons retain their orientation selectivity in intracellular inhibition-blocked experiments (Nelson et al., 1994), cooling experiments (Ferster et al., 1996) and shock-inacti ...
Contact guidance of CNS neurites on grooved quartz: influence of
... 100 W (rf) at 13.6 Mhz to give an etch rate of approximately 50 nm/minute. After removal of the remaining resist/chrome using acetone/chrome etch the substrates were blanket etched in CHF3 for 30 seconds using the parameters outlined above. Finally the mask plate was cut into 8 individual microscope ...
... 100 W (rf) at 13.6 Mhz to give an etch rate of approximately 50 nm/minute. After removal of the remaining resist/chrome using acetone/chrome etch the substrates were blanket etched in CHF3 for 30 seconds using the parameters outlined above. Finally the mask plate was cut into 8 individual microscope ...
Duration Sensitivity to Other Response Properties of the Rat
... sounds. For example, the IC of mice contains a high proportion of long-pass neurons selective for sounds longer than several tens of milliseconds. The few observed bandpass neurons typically have best durations on the order of tens of milliseconds (Brand et al. 2000). Both of these filtering propert ...
... sounds. For example, the IC of mice contains a high proportion of long-pass neurons selective for sounds longer than several tens of milliseconds. The few observed bandpass neurons typically have best durations on the order of tens of milliseconds (Brand et al. 2000). Both of these filtering propert ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... narrow portion of dendrite I in Fig. 5 and illustrated in Figs. 5B and C. This is only o.5 ~m thick. In the reconstructions the positions of the degenerating axon terminals are indicated by arrows and represented by solid black areas. The locations of synaptic junctions formed by normal and undegene ...
... narrow portion of dendrite I in Fig. 5 and illustrated in Figs. 5B and C. This is only o.5 ~m thick. In the reconstructions the positions of the degenerating axon terminals are indicated by arrows and represented by solid black areas. The locations of synaptic junctions formed by normal and undegene ...
Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Monkey Putamen Associated
... dorsolateral part of the striatum that receives inputs from motor cortical areas constitutes the site for the learning and retention of overlearned skilled behaviors, whereas the dorsomedial part connected to association cortices is critical for acquiring new associations between stimuli and movemen ...
... dorsolateral part of the striatum that receives inputs from motor cortical areas constitutes the site for the learning and retention of overlearned skilled behaviors, whereas the dorsomedial part connected to association cortices is critical for acquiring new associations between stimuli and movemen ...
Supplementary Materials for
... Characterization of animal pole explants of early zebrafish blastulae. Gene expression analysis by in situ hybridization at gastrula stage in uninjected animal pole explants for the Nodal (ndr2, lft1); FGF (fgf8, spry4), Wnt (wnt8a, sp5l), retinoic acid, (aldh1a2), non canonical Wnt (wnt11) and BMP ...
... Characterization of animal pole explants of early zebrafish blastulae. Gene expression analysis by in situ hybridization at gastrula stage in uninjected animal pole explants for the Nodal (ndr2, lft1); FGF (fgf8, spry4), Wnt (wnt8a, sp5l), retinoic acid, (aldh1a2), non canonical Wnt (wnt11) and BMP ...
Orexinergic Input to Dopaminergic Neurons of the Human Ventral
... (86–88%) of randomly encountered orexinergic contacts targeted the dendritic compartment of DA neurons. Finally, DA neurons of the SN also received orexinergic innervation in both species. Based on the observation of five times heavier orexinergic input to TH-IR neurons of the human, compared with t ...
... (86–88%) of randomly encountered orexinergic contacts targeted the dendritic compartment of DA neurons. Finally, DA neurons of the SN also received orexinergic innervation in both species. Based on the observation of five times heavier orexinergic input to TH-IR neurons of the human, compared with t ...
Ascending projections from spinal cord and brainstem to
... Figure 4 shows plottings of the sacral cord after injections in thalamus and PAG, with each drawing representing 12 consecutive sections in a 1:4 series. Because the division of the lumbosacral cord into segments varies considerably between cases (VanderHorst et al., 1996), for better comparison, ro ...
... Figure 4 shows plottings of the sacral cord after injections in thalamus and PAG, with each drawing representing 12 consecutive sections in a 1:4 series. Because the division of the lumbosacral cord into segments varies considerably between cases (VanderHorst et al., 1996), for better comparison, ro ...
The neuroprotective effects of milk fat globule
... other hand, Aβ phagocytosis correlates with CD47 expression [19], which also suggests that CD47 plays a crucial role in target clearance during pathological conditions. Aβ-induced oxidative stress is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from microglia and astrocytes, and exacerbates the ...
... other hand, Aβ phagocytosis correlates with CD47 expression [19], which also suggests that CD47 plays a crucial role in target clearance during pathological conditions. Aβ-induced oxidative stress is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from microglia and astrocytes, and exacerbates the ...
Edvard I. Moser - Nobel Lecture: Grid Cells and the
... al., 1982; Tanaka et al., 1991; Tsao et al., 2005). The most striking example, perhaps, appears at the very peak of the sensory hierarchy, in the hippocampus, as deep into the cortex as you can get. In 1971, John O’Keefe and John Dostrovsky discovered that hippocampal cells tend to fire specifically ...
... al., 1982; Tanaka et al., 1991; Tsao et al., 2005). The most striking example, perhaps, appears at the very peak of the sensory hierarchy, in the hippocampus, as deep into the cortex as you can get. In 1971, John O’Keefe and John Dostrovsky discovered that hippocampal cells tend to fire specifically ...
the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... 2001). Almost nothing is known, however, about whether aspects of food other than taste and smell are represented in the amygdala. The texture of food is important in its palatability and acceptability (Bourne, 2002, consider e.g. damp cereal or potato chips), and temperature may also be important ( ...
... 2001). Almost nothing is known, however, about whether aspects of food other than taste and smell are represented in the amygdala. The texture of food is important in its palatability and acceptability (Bourne, 2002, consider e.g. damp cereal or potato chips), and temperature may also be important ( ...
Ethanol Neurotoxicity in the Developing Cerebellum
... and cerebellar granule neurons on postnatal days six to eight [3–8]. It has been suggested that the endogenous levels of antioxidants in the cerebellum and hippocampus, being lower when compared to other areas of the brain, makes them more susceptible to ethanol’s teratogenic effects [9,10]. During ...
... and cerebellar granule neurons on postnatal days six to eight [3–8]. It has been suggested that the endogenous levels of antioxidants in the cerebellum and hippocampus, being lower when compared to other areas of the brain, makes them more susceptible to ethanol’s teratogenic effects [9,10]. During ...
Brain Storm - School of Rehabilitation Therapy
... • What landmark distinguishes the medulla from the spinal cord? • What are the primary functions of the brainstem? ...
... • What landmark distinguishes the medulla from the spinal cord? • What are the primary functions of the brainstem? ...
resumo_pertes_mecani..
... occurs, the cell is in a refractory period and no action potential can be generated. Within a very short time, the cell repolarizes to its resting membrane potential. Drugs such as the benzodiazepines and barbiturates can initiate hyperpolarization. The benzodiazepines bind at specific receptor site ...
... occurs, the cell is in a refractory period and no action potential can be generated. Within a very short time, the cell repolarizes to its resting membrane potential. Drugs such as the benzodiazepines and barbiturates can initiate hyperpolarization. The benzodiazepines bind at specific receptor site ...
Memory, Learning, and Synaptic Plasticity
... neuron is set such that it fires when two or more of its presynaptic dendrites of five postsynaptic output neurons (I–V, blue) that are partners are firing an action potential at a given time (in other words, represented by a binary code: each purple dot signifies a synaptic PON 9.05/10.05when the m ...
... neuron is set such that it fires when two or more of its presynaptic dendrites of five postsynaptic output neurons (I–V, blue) that are partners are firing an action potential at a given time (in other words, represented by a binary code: each purple dot signifies a synaptic PON 9.05/10.05when the m ...
Chordate Evolution and Autonomous Specification of Cell Fate: The
... TWO parallel themes emerge in the history of the investigation of the ascidian tunicate [Urochordata] embryo: the realization that the larval stage is probably a surviving example of the earliest chordate body plan from which vertebrates arose, and secondly the unusual degree of autonomous specifica ...
... TWO parallel themes emerge in the history of the investigation of the ascidian tunicate [Urochordata] embryo: the realization that the larval stage is probably a surviving example of the earliest chordate body plan from which vertebrates arose, and secondly the unusual degree of autonomous specifica ...
The language of action: verbs, simulation and motor chains
... science and the simulation of adaptive behaviour approaches (Meyer & Wilson, 1991; Varela, Thompson, & Rosch, 1991; Webb, 1995; Webb, 2009). These state that a real understanding of cognitive processes can only come from computational models which view organisms as entities possessing an entire body ...
... science and the simulation of adaptive behaviour approaches (Meyer & Wilson, 1991; Varela, Thompson, & Rosch, 1991; Webb, 1995; Webb, 2009). These state that a real understanding of cognitive processes can only come from computational models which view organisms as entities possessing an entire body ...
PDF file
... hubs for meanings, as far as the entire brain is concerned. The meanings include, but not limited to, goal, intent, value, spatial context, temporal context, and actions. Each TCM state is not limited to a single meaning, but represents multiple concurrent meanings of an attended object (e.g., plant ...
... hubs for meanings, as far as the entire brain is concerned. The meanings include, but not limited to, goal, intent, value, spatial context, temporal context, and actions. Each TCM state is not limited to a single meaning, but represents multiple concurrent meanings of an attended object (e.g., plant ...
Smell and Taste: The Chemical Senses
... The olfactory sensory neuron is a bipolar nerve cell (Figure 32-2). From its apical pole each neuron extends a single dendrite to the epithelial surface, where the dendrite expands into a large knob. From this knob 5-20 thin cilia protrude into the layer of mucus that coats the epithelium. From its ...
... The olfactory sensory neuron is a bipolar nerve cell (Figure 32-2). From its apical pole each neuron extends a single dendrite to the epithelial surface, where the dendrite expands into a large knob. From this knob 5-20 thin cilia protrude into the layer of mucus that coats the epithelium. From its ...
Dynamic ordering of early generated striatal cells destined to form
... The distinct neurochemical profiles in striosomal and matrix compartments are rooted in differential developmental programs underlying these two populations of striatal neurons. Neurons in striosomes and matrix have different profiles of neurogenesis, establish different connectivity with other brai ...
... The distinct neurochemical profiles in striosomal and matrix compartments are rooted in differential developmental programs underlying these two populations of striatal neurons. Neurons in striosomes and matrix have different profiles of neurogenesis, establish different connectivity with other brai ...
The Peripheral Nervous System
... Reflex Arcs • Although the somatic nervous system is generally under conscious control, some actions of the system occur automatically. • For example, if you accidentally step on a tack with your bare foot, your leg may recoil before you are even aware of the pain. • This rapid response (a reflex) i ...
... Reflex Arcs • Although the somatic nervous system is generally under conscious control, some actions of the system occur automatically. • For example, if you accidentally step on a tack with your bare foot, your leg may recoil before you are even aware of the pain. • This rapid response (a reflex) i ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... We can see things in three dimensions because the visual system re-constructs the three-dimensional (3D) configurations of objects from their two-dimensional (2D) images projected onto the retinas. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the psychological background and recent physiologi ...
... We can see things in three dimensions because the visual system re-constructs the three-dimensional (3D) configurations of objects from their two-dimensional (2D) images projected onto the retinas. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the psychological background and recent physiologi ...