hypothalamus, pit..
... In general, the hypothalamus can be divided into three tiers of nuclei. Most medially, along the wall of the third ventricle, is the periventricular nucleus, shown here in green. Along the base of the periventricular nucleus is an expansion laterally along the edge of the median eminence, known as t ...
... In general, the hypothalamus can be divided into three tiers of nuclei. Most medially, along the wall of the third ventricle, is the periventricular nucleus, shown here in green. Along the base of the periventricular nucleus is an expansion laterally along the edge of the median eminence, known as t ...
Neuropathological Characteristics of Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury
... including both the C5 and C6 roots, and, less frequently, the C7 root (8). This type of lesion represents both a CNS and PNS injury because spinal motor neurons undergo degeneration due to deafferentation while peripheral axons rapidly degenerate once they are disconnected from the cell body (9). Th ...
... including both the C5 and C6 roots, and, less frequently, the C7 root (8). This type of lesion represents both a CNS and PNS injury because spinal motor neurons undergo degeneration due to deafferentation while peripheral axons rapidly degenerate once they are disconnected from the cell body (9). Th ...
Prefibrillar Amyloid Aggregates Could Be Generic Toxins in Higher
... Labeling and detection of HypF-N aggregates. HypF-N aggregates were labeled with Texas Red by adding slowly 10 ml of a 10 mg/ml Texas Red solution in DMSO to a solution containing 1.0 mg of prefibrillar or fibrillar aggregates dissolved in 0.1 ml of 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate buffer, pH 8.5. After 1 h ...
... Labeling and detection of HypF-N aggregates. HypF-N aggregates were labeled with Texas Red by adding slowly 10 ml of a 10 mg/ml Texas Red solution in DMSO to a solution containing 1.0 mg of prefibrillar or fibrillar aggregates dissolved in 0.1 ml of 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate buffer, pH 8.5. After 1 h ...
Basal Ganglia - Adaptive Behaviour Research Group
... projection neurons from the striatum (medium spiny cells) form two widely distributed populations differentiated by their efferent connectivity and neurochemistry. One population comprises neurons with mainly D1-type dopamine receptors and projects to the output nuclei (SNr and EP). In the prevailin ...
... projection neurons from the striatum (medium spiny cells) form two widely distributed populations differentiated by their efferent connectivity and neurochemistry. One population comprises neurons with mainly D1-type dopamine receptors and projects to the output nuclei (SNr and EP). In the prevailin ...
Drives and emotions: the hypothalamus and limbic system
... Figure 23-2 Overview of the pivotal role of the hypothalamus in drive-related activities. The hypothalamus can affect autonomic motor neurons both directly and through visceral motor programs in the brainstem and spinal cord, and it can influence visceral structures through its control over the pit ...
... Figure 23-2 Overview of the pivotal role of the hypothalamus in drive-related activities. The hypothalamus can affect autonomic motor neurons both directly and through visceral motor programs in the brainstem and spinal cord, and it can influence visceral structures through its control over the pit ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... particular foods or aversive stimuli. However, this high selectivity could not be explained by simple sensory features of the stimulus, since the responses of some neurons could be readily reversed if the meaning of the stimulus (i.e. whether it was food or aversive) was changed, even though its phy ...
... particular foods or aversive stimuli. However, this high selectivity could not be explained by simple sensory features of the stimulus, since the responses of some neurons could be readily reversed if the meaning of the stimulus (i.e. whether it was food or aversive) was changed, even though its phy ...
Zinc Neurotoxicity and its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases
... over-excitation in rat hippocampal neurons.8) Moreover, synaptically released zinc is required for the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP).9) These results indicate that zinc is essential for normal brain functions. Accordingly, zinc deficiency during maternal periods or in early developmental ...
... over-excitation in rat hippocampal neurons.8) Moreover, synaptically released zinc is required for the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP).9) These results indicate that zinc is essential for normal brain functions. Accordingly, zinc deficiency during maternal periods or in early developmental ...
Unsupervised Learning of Cell Activities in the Associative Cortex of Behaving Monkeys, Using HMM
... from the single cell to the complete network activity. So far, there has been no general method for relating extracellular electrophysiological measured activity of neurons in the associative cortex to the underlying network or the cell-assembly states. It is proposed here to model such data as a pa ...
... from the single cell to the complete network activity. So far, there has been no general method for relating extracellular electrophysiological measured activity of neurons in the associative cortex to the underlying network or the cell-assembly states. It is proposed here to model such data as a pa ...
A perceptual representation in the frontal eye field during covert
... Lever position and eye position were sampled at 1 kHz. Saccades were detected by using a computer algorithm that searched for elevated eye velocity (> 20 ⁄ s). Saccade initiations and terminations then were defined as the beginnings and ends of the monotonic changes in eye position that lasted for a ...
... Lever position and eye position were sampled at 1 kHz. Saccades were detected by using a computer algorithm that searched for elevated eye velocity (> 20 ⁄ s). Saccade initiations and terminations then were defined as the beginnings and ends of the monotonic changes in eye position that lasted for a ...
NIH Public Access
... neurons. This suggests that lineage as well as sonar signal structure play roles in determining whether delay-tuned neurons are tuned to similar spectra in the emitted signal and echo (Hechavarría-Cueria et al., 2010). B. Delay sensitivity in FM-FM neurons of the mustached bat's IC FM-FM neurons in ...
... neurons. This suggests that lineage as well as sonar signal structure play roles in determining whether delay-tuned neurons are tuned to similar spectra in the emitted signal and echo (Hechavarría-Cueria et al., 2010). B. Delay sensitivity in FM-FM neurons of the mustached bat's IC FM-FM neurons in ...
powerpoint lecture
... • Brain has four adult regions: – Cerebral hemispheres – Diencephalon – Brain stem (midbrain, pons, and medulla) – Cerebellum ...
... • Brain has four adult regions: – Cerebral hemispheres – Diencephalon – Brain stem (midbrain, pons, and medulla) – Cerebellum ...
Nose, Nerve – Atrophy
... and number, or complete loss in severe cases (Figure 3), of the olfactory nerves. Atrophy of the olfactory nerves (Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3; compare with normal control in Figure 4) is secondary to loss of olfactory nerve cells from the olfactory epithelium or to damage to the olfactory bulb ...
... and number, or complete loss in severe cases (Figure 3), of the olfactory nerves. Atrophy of the olfactory nerves (Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3; compare with normal control in Figure 4) is secondary to loss of olfactory nerve cells from the olfactory epithelium or to damage to the olfactory bulb ...
Pattern formation in skin development
... Several fundamental questions have been asked regarding the development of those two types of cutaneous appendages. Some of them have received partial answers. They refer to the origin of skin and appendages, to the establishment of the feather or scale pattern, to the mechanisms whereby individual ...
... Several fundamental questions have been asked regarding the development of those two types of cutaneous appendages. Some of them have received partial answers. They refer to the origin of skin and appendages, to the establishment of the feather or scale pattern, to the mechanisms whereby individual ...
Llenceu aquesta pàgina i substituïu-la per aquella que us faciliti... tat d’Informació i Projecció Institucionals (UIPI), disponible al formulari
... and research and opening me so many opportunities. ... my brother and sister-in-law, for keeping the surfin’ dreams alive. ... my great culé friends Anna-Felipe and Aisha-José. ... all my Costa family, friends and in-laws in Belo Horizonte. ... all my family in Rio de Janeiro. In special to my dear ...
... and research and opening me so many opportunities. ... my brother and sister-in-law, for keeping the surfin’ dreams alive. ... my great culé friends Anna-Felipe and Aisha-José. ... all my Costa family, friends and in-laws in Belo Horizonte. ... all my family in Rio de Janeiro. In special to my dear ...
The Nervous System
... • The cerebrum is divided into right and left cerebral hemispheres and is the seat of our higher thinking and processing. • The cerebrum also has a thin outer layer, the cerebral cortex, that is the site of our highest thinking. ...
... • The cerebrum is divided into right and left cerebral hemispheres and is the seat of our higher thinking and processing. • The cerebrum also has a thin outer layer, the cerebral cortex, that is the site of our highest thinking. ...
Mapping synaptic pathology within cerebral cortical circuits in
... Relative strengths of the spinning disk confocal microscope include having more photons reach the detector than in a typical LSCM setup (i.e., a pinhole of 1 Airy unit) (Sandison and Webb, 1994), providing greater fidelity of quantification of fluorescent intensity. Spinning disk confocals also use ...
... Relative strengths of the spinning disk confocal microscope include having more photons reach the detector than in a typical LSCM setup (i.e., a pinhole of 1 Airy unit) (Sandison and Webb, 1994), providing greater fidelity of quantification of fluorescent intensity. Spinning disk confocals also use ...
The Neurobehavioral Nature of Fishes and the
... observing the actions of other organisms where the actions appear to resemble our own, often it is assumed that these non-human organisms have intentions and experiences similar to ours. This human tendency to attribute mental states to others is called “theory of mind” and is probably the basis fo ...
... observing the actions of other organisms where the actions appear to resemble our own, often it is assumed that these non-human organisms have intentions and experiences similar to ours. This human tendency to attribute mental states to others is called “theory of mind” and is probably the basis fo ...
Integrative actions of the reticular formation The reticular activating
... Geretitzoff (1940) who first proposed that cortical activation occurred via sensory collaterals acting on the brain stem R.F. Further evidence preceding the 1949 paper of Magoun and Moruzzi included the discovery by Magoun, Lindsey, and Bowden (1949) that basal diencephalic injury produced more pro ...
... Geretitzoff (1940) who first proposed that cortical activation occurred via sensory collaterals acting on the brain stem R.F. Further evidence preceding the 1949 paper of Magoun and Moruzzi included the discovery by Magoun, Lindsey, and Bowden (1949) that basal diencephalic injury produced more pro ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... by Clark (I932) and Waller (I934). Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organization (Montero, Rojas and Torrealba, I973). Furthermore, lesions produced by the recording el ...
... by Clark (I932) and Waller (I934). Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organization (Montero, Rojas and Torrealba, I973). Furthermore, lesions produced by the recording el ...
SpinalCord_Nerves_Plexus_Reflexes
... • Anterior white columns lie between anterior gray horns and anterior median fissure • Anterior white commissure area where axons cross from one side of spinal cord to the other ...
... • Anterior white columns lie between anterior gray horns and anterior median fissure • Anterior white commissure area where axons cross from one side of spinal cord to the other ...
Common Input to Motor Neurons Innervating the Same and Different
... Neurophysiological studies, although indirect, have demonstrated relatively extensive divergence of corticospinal inputs both within (Mantel and Lemon 1987) and across spinal motor nuclei (Asunuma et al. 1979; Buys et al. 1986; Fetz and Cheney 1980). Although little is known about the projection fre ...
... Neurophysiological studies, although indirect, have demonstrated relatively extensive divergence of corticospinal inputs both within (Mantel and Lemon 1987) and across spinal motor nuclei (Asunuma et al. 1979; Buys et al. 1986; Fetz and Cheney 1980). Although little is known about the projection fre ...
PDF - Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
... suffering from SCI has been discovered because the injury mechanism is very complicated. Furthermore no matter, given timely handling or not，the outcome of SCI is not satisfactory. Thus, it’s urgent to find effective treatment methods for SCI, and many experiments have been done covering many aspect ...
... suffering from SCI has been discovered because the injury mechanism is very complicated. Furthermore no matter, given timely handling or not，the outcome of SCI is not satisfactory. Thus, it’s urgent to find effective treatment methods for SCI, and many experiments have been done covering many aspect ...
_ch_16_AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... • Innervates digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs of pelvic cavity ...
... • Innervates digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs of pelvic cavity ...
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model
... synaptic changes during spatial exploration. In principle, the time scale of plasticitybased models can be augmented arbitrarily by increasing the synaptic learning rates. For stable patterns to emerge, however, significant weight changes must occur only after the animal has visited most of the envi ...
... synaptic changes during spatial exploration. In principle, the time scale of plasticitybased models can be augmented arbitrarily by increasing the synaptic learning rates. For stable patterns to emerge, however, significant weight changes must occur only after the animal has visited most of the envi ...