What is the function of the claustrum? - Christof Koch
... Other claustral neurons lack spines and so have largely smooth dendrites (figure 4b,c). There appear to be two types of aspiny neurons, one with ‘large’ and the other with ‘small’ cell bodies. The latter are fairly compact cells, whereas the dendrite and axons of the large type are more extensive. T ...
... Other claustral neurons lack spines and so have largely smooth dendrites (figure 4b,c). There appear to be two types of aspiny neurons, one with ‘large’ and the other with ‘small’ cell bodies. The latter are fairly compact cells, whereas the dendrite and axons of the large type are more extensive. T ...
Receptores Monoaminérgicos en Corteza Prefrontal: Mecanismo de Acción de Fármacos Antipsicóticos
... antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) on PFC function to understand the cellular and network elements involved in its schizomimeitc actions. PCP induces a marked disruption of the activity of the PFC in the rat, increasing and decreasing the activity of 45% and 33% of the pyramidal neurons recorded, respec ...
... antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) on PFC function to understand the cellular and network elements involved in its schizomimeitc actions. PCP induces a marked disruption of the activity of the PFC in the rat, increasing and decreasing the activity of 45% and 33% of the pyramidal neurons recorded, respec ...
Soghomonian J.J., Sethares C., and Peters, A
... synapses. As shown in Figure 1, the synaptic vesicles are pleomorphic, so while some of the vesicles have round profiles, others are elongate. The synaptic junctions formed by these axon terminals have narrower clefts and thinner, less prominent, postsynaptic densities than the asymmetric ones. In t ...
... synapses. As shown in Figure 1, the synaptic vesicles are pleomorphic, so while some of the vesicles have round profiles, others are elongate. The synaptic junctions formed by these axon terminals have narrower clefts and thinner, less prominent, postsynaptic densities than the asymmetric ones. In t ...
serotonin
... changed in the second intracellular loop of the receptor (15, 16). Editing at the A, B, C, and D adenosine residues of human 5-HT2C-receptor mRNA leads to predicted changes in all three amino acids to yield valine, serine, valine (VSV) at positions 156, 158, and 160 rather than isoleucine, asparagin ...
... changed in the second intracellular loop of the receptor (15, 16). Editing at the A, B, C, and D adenosine residues of human 5-HT2C-receptor mRNA leads to predicted changes in all three amino acids to yield valine, serine, valine (VSV) at positions 156, 158, and 160 rather than isoleucine, asparagin ...
extrasynaptic glutamate does not reach the postsynaptic density
... Glu can be related at least partially to the activation of metabotropic (mGlu) receptors. According to Garaschuk et al. [20], ACPD, selective agonist of certain subtypes of these receptors, inhibited population spike in CA1 (but not in CA3) neurons leaving the EPSC unaffected. The age of the animals ...
... Glu can be related at least partially to the activation of metabotropic (mGlu) receptors. According to Garaschuk et al. [20], ACPD, selective agonist of certain subtypes of these receptors, inhibited population spike in CA1 (but not in CA3) neurons leaving the EPSC unaffected. The age of the animals ...
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
Heading: Sensory Deprivation in Humans, Mice, and History Caleb B. Carson Running Head: Sensory Deprivation
... contains no nerves. Contrastly, if these vibrissae have no nerves, how can they be used for tactile sensory? The answer is that they grow from a special hair follicle, incorporating a capsule of blood called a “blood sinus,” which is heavily innervated by sensory nerves. Vibrissae in Application ...
... contains no nerves. Contrastly, if these vibrissae have no nerves, how can they be used for tactile sensory? The answer is that they grow from a special hair follicle, incorporating a capsule of blood called a “blood sinus,” which is heavily innervated by sensory nerves. Vibrissae in Application ...
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... experienced sensory input in the cortex. Such experience-dependent plasticity depends on the presence of high levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the cortex prior to maturation. In an adult rat, we paired acoustic input with injections of Rolipram-a drug that increases cortical cAMP ...
... experienced sensory input in the cortex. Such experience-dependent plasticity depends on the presence of high levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the cortex prior to maturation. In an adult rat, we paired acoustic input with injections of Rolipram-a drug that increases cortical cAMP ...
The Basal Ganglia and Motor Control
... disinhibited during striatal activity) but also is projected upon directly by excitatory cortical and thalamic fibers (Gerfen & Wilson, 1996; Feger et al., 1994). The cortical fibers originate mostly in the frontal cortex, whereas the thalamic fibers are derived from the centromedian-parafascicular ...
... disinhibited during striatal activity) but also is projected upon directly by excitatory cortical and thalamic fibers (Gerfen & Wilson, 1996; Feger et al., 1994). The cortical fibers originate mostly in the frontal cortex, whereas the thalamic fibers are derived from the centromedian-parafascicular ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... cricket, Acheta domestica, showing the location of the abdominal nerve cord. The cerci are two abdominal appendages projecting from the rear of the animal’s body. Both cerci are covered with mechanosensory hairs, each of which is innervated with a single sensory neuron. The axons of the sensory neur ...
... cricket, Acheta domestica, showing the location of the abdominal nerve cord. The cerci are two abdominal appendages projecting from the rear of the animal’s body. Both cerci are covered with mechanosensory hairs, each of which is innervated with a single sensory neuron. The axons of the sensory neur ...
Ontogeny, Compartmentation, and Turnover of Spectrin lsoforms in
... and 235,000 spectrin subunits, a polypeptide of A& -230,000 (Fig. 1). This polypeptide (230 K) was prominent in the crude microsomal (S2) and cytoplasmic (S2S) fractions, where it was found in approximately equimolar amounts as y-spectrin, but was barely detectable in crude synaptosomes, synaptic me ...
... and 235,000 spectrin subunits, a polypeptide of A& -230,000 (Fig. 1). This polypeptide (230 K) was prominent in the crude microsomal (S2) and cytoplasmic (S2S) fractions, where it was found in approximately equimolar amounts as y-spectrin, but was barely detectable in crude synaptosomes, synaptic me ...
Sustained conditioned responses in prelimbic prefrontal neurons are
... Burst firing was also examined by measuring the percentage of spikes within bursts. As in our previous study (Burgos-Robles et al., 2007), a burst was defined as three or more consecutive spikes with an interspike interval of ⬍25 ms between the first two spikes and ⬍50 ms for subsequent spikes. This ...
... Burst firing was also examined by measuring the percentage of spikes within bursts. As in our previous study (Burgos-Robles et al., 2007), a burst was defined as three or more consecutive spikes with an interspike interval of ⬍25 ms between the first two spikes and ⬍50 ms for subsequent spikes. This ...
mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
Takehiro Matsumora, Kowa Koida and Hidehiko Komatsu
... two- to threefold larger than the color-discrimination threshold obtained during the initial training period, but was adjusted according to the monkey’s performance during each daily session. Once the data recording from a given neuron was started, the sample color set was fixed. For the sake of con ...
... two- to threefold larger than the color-discrimination threshold obtained during the initial training period, but was adjusted according to the monkey’s performance during each daily session. Once the data recording from a given neuron was started, the sample color set was fixed. For the sake of con ...
Depression of Acetylcholinesterase Synthesis Following Transient
... reaction product Hatchet brown, formed by AChE, completely diffused from the areas of the highest enzyme activity (striatum, diagonal band; Fig. 2B). One hour after i.m. DFP injection, only slightly stained neuropil in the striatal and septal areas was found but neurons were not visible (Fig. 2C). F ...
... reaction product Hatchet brown, formed by AChE, completely diffused from the areas of the highest enzyme activity (striatum, diagonal band; Fig. 2B). One hour after i.m. DFP injection, only slightly stained neuropil in the striatal and septal areas was found but neurons were not visible (Fig. 2C). F ...
Placing prediction into the fear circuit
... Box 2. Roles for dopamine in prediction error and fear learning Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons code for reward prediction errors. The firing of these neurons conforms to assumptions of associative learning models [18,19] and their output is thought to serve as a teaching signal instructing plasticit ...
... Box 2. Roles for dopamine in prediction error and fear learning Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons code for reward prediction errors. The firing of these neurons conforms to assumptions of associative learning models [18,19] and their output is thought to serve as a teaching signal instructing plasticit ...
Degeneration and impaired regeneration of gray matter
... oligodendrocytes, is markedly altered in the spinal cord of a mouse model of ALS (SOD1 (G93A))5,6. By end stage of disease, NG2+ cells exhibit the highest rate of proliferation of any cell type in the spinal cord of these mice, and their differentiation into oligodendrocytes is markedly enhanced5, s ...
... oligodendrocytes, is markedly altered in the spinal cord of a mouse model of ALS (SOD1 (G93A))5,6. By end stage of disease, NG2+ cells exhibit the highest rate of proliferation of any cell type in the spinal cord of these mice, and their differentiation into oligodendrocytes is markedly enhanced5, s ...
Nerve Regeneration in the Cornea
... nerve density never returns to presurgery values. • Subbasal nerve density decreased by 82% in 5 days after LASIK. A gradual increase in density was observed at 2 weeks after surgery; however, even 2 years after LASIK, nerve density was only 64% of preoperative values (Moilanen et al; BJO; 2008) • S ...
... nerve density never returns to presurgery values. • Subbasal nerve density decreased by 82% in 5 days after LASIK. A gradual increase in density was observed at 2 weeks after surgery; however, even 2 years after LASIK, nerve density was only 64% of preoperative values (Moilanen et al; BJO; 2008) • S ...
General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... far from each other and are architectonically distinct, but they have in common the simplest types of laminar structure (Figure 1c, i, c, ii). Neuronal density per unit volume is often a reliable indicator of type for sensory and association cortices. Other architectonic parameters also help describ ...
... far from each other and are architectonically distinct, but they have in common the simplest types of laminar structure (Figure 1c, i, c, ii). Neuronal density per unit volume is often a reliable indicator of type for sensory and association cortices. Other architectonic parameters also help describ ...
A computational model of action selection in the basal ganglia. I. A
... In this paper and in Gurney et al. (2001), henceforth referred to as GPR2, we address the second question given above: how might the neurobiological substrate for action selection operate? Our account takes the form of a biologically inspired model of processing intrinsic to the basal ganglia. In de ...
... In this paper and in Gurney et al. (2001), henceforth referred to as GPR2, we address the second question given above: how might the neurobiological substrate for action selection operate? Our account takes the form of a biologically inspired model of processing intrinsic to the basal ganglia. In de ...
FORM A
... A bicycle rider is presented to your clinic with complaints of spasms in his hip and shooting pain down the back of his left thigh. Upon examination you find he has a subluxated sacrum. (Q’s 18-20) 18) What muscle originates from the anterior surface of S2, 3 and 4 vertebra? a) biceps femoris m. b) ...
... A bicycle rider is presented to your clinic with complaints of spasms in his hip and shooting pain down the back of his left thigh. Upon examination you find he has a subluxated sacrum. (Q’s 18-20) 18) What muscle originates from the anterior surface of S2, 3 and 4 vertebra? a) biceps femoris m. b) ...