MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... instructed to sort cards according to the shape, color, or number of symbols appearing on them and the sorting rule varies periodically. Thus, any given card can be associated with several possible actions; no single stimulus-response mapping will work; the correct one changes and is dictated by whi ...
... instructed to sort cards according to the shape, color, or number of symbols appearing on them and the sorting rule varies periodically. Thus, any given card can be associated with several possible actions; no single stimulus-response mapping will work; the correct one changes and is dictated by whi ...
Hox Genes: Choreographers in Neural Development, Architects of
... diversities necessary for their incorporation into a particular circuit are still poorly defined. Studies on the specification of motor neurons indicate that the large family of Hox transcription factors has a key role in generating the subtypes required for selective muscle innervation. There is al ...
... diversities necessary for their incorporation into a particular circuit are still poorly defined. Studies on the specification of motor neurons indicate that the large family of Hox transcription factors has a key role in generating the subtypes required for selective muscle innervation. There is al ...
Dopaminergic Transmission and Wake
... Several groups of dopamine neurons are located in the hypothalamus (A11–A15) but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). ...
... Several groups of dopamine neurons are located in the hypothalamus (A11–A15) but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). ...
Figure 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... midline. The exposed recording chamber surrounding the craniotomy was covered with polysiloxane impression material (GC America) between recording sessions. After many penetrations (usually ⬎30), the final track in each craniotomy was labeled as described in Fluorescent track labeling, below, and th ...
... midline. The exposed recording chamber surrounding the craniotomy was covered with polysiloxane impression material (GC America) between recording sessions. After many penetrations (usually ⬎30), the final track in each craniotomy was labeled as described in Fluorescent track labeling, below, and th ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... found other sleep-promoting cell groups, as well as waking-promoting ones, in the POA and BFB (Gong et al., 2000; Gvilia et al., 2006; Modirrousta et al., 2004). However, c-fos expression studies are not suitable for revealing neuronal discharge activity during the sleep-waking states. The sleep/wak ...
... found other sleep-promoting cell groups, as well as waking-promoting ones, in the POA and BFB (Gong et al., 2000; Gvilia et al., 2006; Modirrousta et al., 2004). However, c-fos expression studies are not suitable for revealing neuronal discharge activity during the sleep-waking states. The sleep/wak ...
Smelling on the fly: sensory cues and strategies for olfactory
... case study for understanding how the nervous system combines information from multiple sources. Importantly, the optimal strategy for finding a chemical source may change as the environment changes. To take an obvious example, visual cues may be useful in the daytime but less useful at night. This m ...
... case study for understanding how the nervous system combines information from multiple sources. Importantly, the optimal strategy for finding a chemical source may change as the environment changes. To take an obvious example, visual cues may be useful in the daytime but less useful at night. This m ...
Inan et al., 2006
... the development and plasticity of thalamocortical afferent clustering into a barrel pattern. We localize PKARII function to postsynaptic processes in barrel cortex and show that postsynaptic PKA targets, but not presynaptic PKA targets, have decreased phosphorylation in pkar2b knock-out (PKARII⫺/⫺ ...
... the development and plasticity of thalamocortical afferent clustering into a barrel pattern. We localize PKARII function to postsynaptic processes in barrel cortex and show that postsynaptic PKA targets, but not presynaptic PKA targets, have decreased phosphorylation in pkar2b knock-out (PKARII⫺/⫺ ...
Normalization in human somatosensory cortex
... to the right thumb (target) with or without concurrent stimulation of the right middle finger (mask). Subjects were less sensitive to target stimulation (psychophysical detection thresholds were higher) when target and mask digits were stimulated concurrently compared with when the target was stimul ...
... to the right thumb (target) with or without concurrent stimulation of the right middle finger (mask). Subjects were less sensitive to target stimulation (psychophysical detection thresholds were higher) when target and mask digits were stimulated concurrently compared with when the target was stimul ...
.... _ ACKNOWLEDGMENT !_ This monograph is based on the
... neocortex. Because immunohistochemical studies have not revealed serotonergic perikarya within the neocortex (Lidov et al. 1980; Steinbush 1981), the staining of perikarya constitutes evidence of MDMA-induced injury to nonserotonergic neurons. Additional evidence that nonserotonergic processes are a ...
... neocortex. Because immunohistochemical studies have not revealed serotonergic perikarya within the neocortex (Lidov et al. 1980; Steinbush 1981), the staining of perikarya constitutes evidence of MDMA-induced injury to nonserotonergic neurons. Additional evidence that nonserotonergic processes are a ...
The Location and Function of NMDA Receptors in Cat
... (Kleinschmidt et al., 1987). It is not clear whether the effect of APV in these cases is confined to blocking a mechanism necessary for plasticity, or blocking a more fundamental function such as normal sensory processing. Procedures which produce a general depressant effect on activity in the visua ...
... (Kleinschmidt et al., 1987). It is not clear whether the effect of APV in these cases is confined to blocking a mechanism necessary for plasticity, or blocking a more fundamental function such as normal sensory processing. Procedures which produce a general depressant effect on activity in the visua ...
Inhibitory interneurons in a cortical column form hot zones of
... steep drop in IN density within L2/3 to be at 240 μm from the pia (i.e., at 37% of the layer 2/3 height; Fig. 2F). This thus defines a division of “L2/3” into layer 2 and layer 3 with a relative thickness of approximately one-third (L2) vs. two-thirds (L3). In the tangential plane, lateral column bor ...
... steep drop in IN density within L2/3 to be at 240 μm from the pia (i.e., at 37% of the layer 2/3 height; Fig. 2F). This thus defines a division of “L2/3” into layer 2 and layer 3 with a relative thickness of approximately one-third (L2) vs. two-thirds (L3). In the tangential plane, lateral column bor ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... as a relay for baroreflex-mediated sympathoinhibition (28). We have previously shown that activation of FTG neurons increases systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and decreases heart rate (HR) (28). However, the neural mechanisms mediating these cardiovascular responses were not known. Various nuc ...
... as a relay for baroreflex-mediated sympathoinhibition (28). We have previously shown that activation of FTG neurons increases systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and decreases heart rate (HR) (28). However, the neural mechanisms mediating these cardiovascular responses were not known. Various nuc ...
Autometallographic Tracing of Bismuth in Human Brain Autopsies
... entry into the CNS that circumvents the blood-brain barrier. However, bismuth uptake via vessels is undoubtedly the most important path by which bismuth enters the CNS (13). Just a few weeks after placing bismuth gunshot pellets intraperitoneally, bismuth can be found in the brain and spinal cord (4 ...
... entry into the CNS that circumvents the blood-brain barrier. However, bismuth uptake via vessels is undoubtedly the most important path by which bismuth enters the CNS (13). Just a few weeks after placing bismuth gunshot pellets intraperitoneally, bismuth can be found in the brain and spinal cord (4 ...
Task-dependent plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in
... In this review, we focus on a particular form of plasticity in primary auditory cortex. Rapid task-related receptive Weld plasticity (Fritz et al., 2003a,b, 2004a,b, 2005) that may play a role in active listening (Handel, 1989), is characterized as modulation of auditory cortical receptive Welds tha ...
... In this review, we focus on a particular form of plasticity in primary auditory cortex. Rapid task-related receptive Weld plasticity (Fritz et al., 2003a,b, 2004a,b, 2005) that may play a role in active listening (Handel, 1989), is characterized as modulation of auditory cortical receptive Welds tha ...
Lab 2. Medulla - Stritch School of Medicine
... The ventral spinocerebellar tract and hypothalamo-autonomic tract remain in about the same locations as in previous slides, as do the spinothalamic tract and rubrospinal tract. ...
... The ventral spinocerebellar tract and hypothalamo-autonomic tract remain in about the same locations as in previous slides, as do the spinothalamic tract and rubrospinal tract. ...
Mesoderm induction in amphibians and chick
... round frog embryo, the chick embryo is a flat disc of cells that receives its nutrients from yolk reserves which are predominantly extracellular. The sequence of morphological changes in the normal development of a chick embryo have been described by Eyal-Giladi and Kochav (1976: from cleavage to pr ...
... round frog embryo, the chick embryo is a flat disc of cells that receives its nutrients from yolk reserves which are predominantly extracellular. The sequence of morphological changes in the normal development of a chick embryo have been described by Eyal-Giladi and Kochav (1976: from cleavage to pr ...
The Roles of Excitatory Amino Acids and Cytokines in Morphine
... patients who received long-term intrathecal morphine for pain relief [27]. These findings indicate a correlation between spinal cord EAA release and the development of morphine tolerance. Recently, amitriptyline has been shown to prevent the development of morphine tolerance [28, 29]. Moreover, pre- ...
... patients who received long-term intrathecal morphine for pain relief [27]. These findings indicate a correlation between spinal cord EAA release and the development of morphine tolerance. Recently, amitriptyline has been shown to prevent the development of morphine tolerance [28, 29]. Moreover, pre- ...
Trigeminal, Gustatory, and Visceral Sensory Systems
... the solitary tract and terminate in the rostral portion of the solitary nucleus. Cells in this portion of the solitary nucleus project to VPM of the thalamus via the central tegmental tract. What is the peripheral distribution of taste fibers in cranial nerves VII and IX? General visceral afferents ...
... the solitary tract and terminate in the rostral portion of the solitary nucleus. Cells in this portion of the solitary nucleus project to VPM of the thalamus via the central tegmental tract. What is the peripheral distribution of taste fibers in cranial nerves VII and IX? General visceral afferents ...
Histochemical and lmmunocytochemical Compartments of the
... puncta are highly concentrated in the rods but are dispersed in the matrix. In the matrix, all nonGABA cells are small, immunoreactive for 28-kDa calbindin, and not stained by CAT 301. They appear to form part of a wider system of calbindin-positive cells that extends into adjacent nuclei. The CO ro ...
... puncta are highly concentrated in the rods but are dispersed in the matrix. In the matrix, all nonGABA cells are small, immunoreactive for 28-kDa calbindin, and not stained by CAT 301. They appear to form part of a wider system of calbindin-positive cells that extends into adjacent nuclei. The CO ro ...
Between-Task Competition and Cognitive Control in Task Switching
... Cognitive control is required to guide thought and action in accordance with current goals and intentions (Norman and Shallice, 1986; Desimone and Duncan, 1995; Miller and Cohen, 2001). This control is particularly important when multiple tasks are possible and behavioral demands are continually shi ...
... Cognitive control is required to guide thought and action in accordance with current goals and intentions (Norman and Shallice, 1986; Desimone and Duncan, 1995; Miller and Cohen, 2001). This control is particularly important when multiple tasks are possible and behavioral demands are continually shi ...
jneurosci.org - INI Institute of Neuroinformatics
... Bouton cluster identification using the mean-shift algorithm The three-dimensional arborization pattern of an axon is typically heterogenous, composed of spatially separated regions with intense axonal arborizations and bouton formation (see Fig. 1). These “patches” have a high bouton density relati ...
... Bouton cluster identification using the mean-shift algorithm The three-dimensional arborization pattern of an axon is typically heterogenous, composed of spatially separated regions with intense axonal arborizations and bouton formation (see Fig. 1). These “patches” have a high bouton density relati ...
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Inflammatory and Degenerative Brain
... emerging role of COX-2 in cognitive functions will be discussed since understanding the role of COX-2 in brain function is an important prerequisite to fully understanding how to exploit the potential benefits of COX-2 inhibition in disabling neurological diseases. COX-2 in Brain Function In mammali ...
... emerging role of COX-2 in cognitive functions will be discussed since understanding the role of COX-2 in brain function is an important prerequisite to fully understanding how to exploit the potential benefits of COX-2 inhibition in disabling neurological diseases. COX-2 in Brain Function In mammali ...
