An Integrative Theory on Prefrontal Cortex Function
... according to the shape, color, or number of symbols appearing on them and the sorting rule varies periodically. Thus, any given card can be associated with several possible actions, no single stimulus-response mapping will work, and the correct one changes and is dictated by whichever rule is curren ...
... according to the shape, color, or number of symbols appearing on them and the sorting rule varies periodically. Thus, any given card can be associated with several possible actions, no single stimulus-response mapping will work, and the correct one changes and is dictated by whichever rule is curren ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... segregated and parallel corticostriatal circuits. There is a current debate about which of these concepts better explains corticostriatal functioning [22,72]. Many studies have shown convergent and overlapping corticostriatal projections, including regions beyond the somatosensorimotor areas such as ...
... segregated and parallel corticostriatal circuits. There is a current debate about which of these concepts better explains corticostriatal functioning [22,72]. Many studies have shown convergent and overlapping corticostriatal projections, including regions beyond the somatosensorimotor areas such as ...
Fluorescence Recordings of Electrical Activity in Goldfish Optic
... dendritesextending from the cell bodiesin stratum periventriculare (SPV) to stratum opticum (SO),we expectedthat the neural contribution to optical signalsrecordedin theselayers following optic nerve activation would be associatedprimarily with membrane potential changesin thesecells. However, other ...
... dendritesextending from the cell bodiesin stratum periventriculare (SPV) to stratum opticum (SO),we expectedthat the neural contribution to optical signalsrecordedin theselayers following optic nerve activation would be associatedprimarily with membrane potential changesin thesecells. However, other ...
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model
... synaptic changes during spatial exploration. In principle, the time scale of plasticitybased models can be augmented arbitrarily by increasing the synaptic learning rates. For stable patterns to emerge, however, significant weight changes must occur only after the animal has visited most of the envi ...
... synaptic changes during spatial exploration. In principle, the time scale of plasticitybased models can be augmented arbitrarily by increasing the synaptic learning rates. For stable patterns to emerge, however, significant weight changes must occur only after the animal has visited most of the envi ...
Saccades and multisaccadic gaze shifts are gated by different
... We used glass microelectrodes filled with 3.8 M NaCl and bevelled to tip diameters of 1.5–2.0 µm and resistances of 1.5–2.0 M. Only perisomatic extracellular recordings were retained for the study. We identified them by triphasic spikes with a negative main component that could be monitored over a d ...
... We used glass microelectrodes filled with 3.8 M NaCl and bevelled to tip diameters of 1.5–2.0 µm and resistances of 1.5–2.0 M. Only perisomatic extracellular recordings were retained for the study. We identified them by triphasic spikes with a negative main component that could be monitored over a d ...
Sample
... 31) Oligodendrocytes perform which of the following functions? A) physical support of nerve cells B) provision of nourishment to neurons C) clean up debris within the brain D) regulation of the chemical environment in the fluid surrounding neurons E) enhance conduction velocity along an axon. Answer ...
... 31) Oligodendrocytes perform which of the following functions? A) physical support of nerve cells B) provision of nourishment to neurons C) clean up debris within the brain D) regulation of the chemical environment in the fluid surrounding neurons E) enhance conduction velocity along an axon. Answer ...
Article Full Text PDF
... Korn et al., 1990). They receive afferent sensory inputs from a variety of sources, notably auditory, and also many inhibitory inputs. These inhibitory signals determine the threshold and the input-output relations of the cell, and are a major factor in regulation of its function (Faber and Korn, 19 ...
... Korn et al., 1990). They receive afferent sensory inputs from a variety of sources, notably auditory, and also many inhibitory inputs. These inhibitory signals determine the threshold and the input-output relations of the cell, and are a major factor in regulation of its function (Faber and Korn, 19 ...
Hensen`s Node - The Embryo Project Encyclopedia
... the chick [14]. The notochord [10], somites [11], and neural tube [12] began to form in the new location suggesting that Hensen?s node controlled axis formation and the development of those subsequent structures. Experiments such as Waddington?s initiated further investigations into the node?s mecha ...
... the chick [14]. The notochord [10], somites [11], and neural tube [12] began to form in the new location suggesting that Hensen?s node controlled axis formation and the development of those subsequent structures. Experiments such as Waddington?s initiated further investigations into the node?s mecha ...
PDF
... The sequence of intestinalization in vitro of the area-vitellina endoderm might include three phases of enzyme expression: yolk-sac parenchymal phase (CL activity alone), transitional phase (both CL and ALP activities), and small intestinal phase (ALP activity alone). In the first phase the associat ...
... The sequence of intestinalization in vitro of the area-vitellina endoderm might include three phases of enzyme expression: yolk-sac parenchymal phase (CL activity alone), transitional phase (both CL and ALP activities), and small intestinal phase (ALP activity alone). In the first phase the associat ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... relationship between events. Research examining the effects of conditioning procedures on animal behaviour has shown that associative learning depends on ‘contiguity’ – the closer the two events occur in time, the stronger the association – and ‘contingency’ – there needs to be a correlation or pred ...
... relationship between events. Research examining the effects of conditioning procedures on animal behaviour has shown that associative learning depends on ‘contiguity’ – the closer the two events occur in time, the stronger the association – and ‘contingency’ – there needs to be a correlation or pred ...
Hilar mossy cells of the dentate gyrus: a historical
... periodically along the granule cell axons, gave the axons the appearance that they were covered in moss (Ramon y Cajal, 1911). The adjective “mossy” is also used for other fiber systems (e.g., cerebellar mossy fibers) but in the hippocampus the only cells with mossy fibers are granule cells. Many de ...
... periodically along the granule cell axons, gave the axons the appearance that they were covered in moss (Ramon y Cajal, 1911). The adjective “mossy” is also used for other fiber systems (e.g., cerebellar mossy fibers) but in the hippocampus the only cells with mossy fibers are granule cells. Many de ...
Parallel basal ganglia circuits for voluntary and
... everyday behaviours spontaneously (Laplane and Baulac, 1984; Caplan et al., 1990). Patients with Parkinson’s disease may be less motivated in achieving goals and may also show symptoms of depression (Pluck and Brown, 2002). These observations, as well as many others not described here, suggest that ...
... everyday behaviours spontaneously (Laplane and Baulac, 1984; Caplan et al., 1990). Patients with Parkinson’s disease may be less motivated in achieving goals and may also show symptoms of depression (Pluck and Brown, 2002). These observations, as well as many others not described here, suggest that ...
Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus
... ganglia may play a key role in the pathophysiology of PD (Smith et al. 2009). Our full model architecture, which has all connections that are considered in this study, is shown in Fig. 2. This architecture captures all the major intrinsic/extrinsic glutamatergic and GABAergic connections of the STN– ...
... ganglia may play a key role in the pathophysiology of PD (Smith et al. 2009). Our full model architecture, which has all connections that are considered in this study, is shown in Fig. 2. This architecture captures all the major intrinsic/extrinsic glutamatergic and GABAergic connections of the STN– ...
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
... et al., 1983; Groenewegenand Russchen,1984; Heimer at al., 1991). Clarification of neural mechanismsof the execution of cocaine self-administration behavior (and other goal-directed behaviors) will require study of neural activity in all of these connected regions. In accordancewith this anatomical ...
... et al., 1983; Groenewegenand Russchen,1984; Heimer at al., 1991). Clarification of neural mechanismsof the execution of cocaine self-administration behavior (and other goal-directed behaviors) will require study of neural activity in all of these connected regions. In accordancewith this anatomical ...
Lesion of the perforant path triggers a biphasic neurogenic response
... w ith intact post-synaptic d ensities still form , d espite the absence of glutamatergic nerve term inals. Follow ing entorhinal lesion, n ew born neurons, but not m ature granule cells, have a higher d ensity of d end ritic spines in the non -d enervated inner m olecular layer, accom panied by an i ...
... w ith intact post-synaptic d ensities still form , d espite the absence of glutamatergic nerve term inals. Follow ing entorhinal lesion, n ew born neurons, but not m ature granule cells, have a higher d ensity of d end ritic spines in the non -d enervated inner m olecular layer, accom panied by an i ...
PDF of the 2010 Zebrafish Manual
... need, not what you want – don’t be greedy. Remember, transgenes are dominant and will be expressed in half or all the embryos; they will often segregate independently from parents containing multiple transgenes. • We cannot guarantee that we will get embryos from all transgenic lines on both days, s ...
... need, not what you want – don’t be greedy. Remember, transgenes are dominant and will be expressed in half or all the embryos; they will often segregate independently from parents containing multiple transgenes. • We cannot guarantee that we will get embryos from all transgenic lines on both days, s ...
The Neuropathology of Huntington`s Disease
... changes that occur in the human brain in Huntington’s disease (HD), and also an outlook to future studies in human HD neuroanatomy. A HD brain may be about 20–30 % less than a control brain in weight although this will be variable depending on the severity of the disease (Vonsattel and DiFiglia 1998 ...
... changes that occur in the human brain in Huntington’s disease (HD), and also an outlook to future studies in human HD neuroanatomy. A HD brain may be about 20–30 % less than a control brain in weight although this will be variable depending on the severity of the disease (Vonsattel and DiFiglia 1998 ...
Multimodal Integration in Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Provides an
... level of thoracic vertebra 7 (T7). Level T7 was chosen because it is well below the lowest level of neck muscle insertion (T3) and thus recordings would not be confounded by neck movements (McCluskey and Cullen, 2007). The location of T7 was verified by x ray and/or spinal palpation. During experime ...
... level of thoracic vertebra 7 (T7). Level T7 was chosen because it is well below the lowest level of neck muscle insertion (T3) and thus recordings would not be confounded by neck movements (McCluskey and Cullen, 2007). The location of T7 was verified by x ray and/or spinal palpation. During experime ...
Staging of gastrulating mouse embryos by morphological landmarks
... only a footnote to a paper on cell lineages; there is not ...
... only a footnote to a paper on cell lineages; there is not ...
INTRINSIC CONNECTIONS AND CYTOARCHITECTONIC DATA OF
... In the monkey it was shown that the prefrontal subregion localized dorsally on the lateral cortical surface (part of area 46 above the principal sulcus) was connected with other dorsal prefrontal areas situated anteriorly and caudally as well as with the premotor areas of the lateral and medial surf ...
... In the monkey it was shown that the prefrontal subregion localized dorsally on the lateral cortical surface (part of area 46 above the principal sulcus) was connected with other dorsal prefrontal areas situated anteriorly and caudally as well as with the premotor areas of the lateral and medial surf ...
an integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function
... according to the shape, color, or number of symbols appearing on them and the sorting rule varies periodically. Thus, any given card can be associated with several possible actions, no single stimulus-response mapping will work, and the correct one changes and is dictated by whichever rule is curren ...
... according to the shape, color, or number of symbols appearing on them and the sorting rule varies periodically. Thus, any given card can be associated with several possible actions, no single stimulus-response mapping will work, and the correct one changes and is dictated by whichever rule is curren ...
