Cerebellar Unit Activity and the Movement Disruption Induced by
... V 4). A 3-mm trephine opening above the dentate nucleus (AP 11.0, L 3.0) was used for implanting of a stainless steel guiding cannula (2 mm internal diameter) above the cerebellar hemisphere ipsilateral to the preferred forepaw. A silver screw (2 mm in diameter) was implanted into the frontal bone 7 ...
... V 4). A 3-mm trephine opening above the dentate nucleus (AP 11.0, L 3.0) was used for implanting of a stainless steel guiding cannula (2 mm internal diameter) above the cerebellar hemisphere ipsilateral to the preferred forepaw. A silver screw (2 mm in diameter) was implanted into the frontal bone 7 ...
1 - Libreria Universo
... trabecular, arterial, and arteriolar smooth muscle and subsequent limitation of blood flow is essential for maintaining penile flaccidity. Sympathetic adrenergic signaling and the activity of substances derived from vascular endothelium (endothelins and prostaglandin F2a) appear to play a crucial ro ...
... trabecular, arterial, and arteriolar smooth muscle and subsequent limitation of blood flow is essential for maintaining penile flaccidity. Sympathetic adrenergic signaling and the activity of substances derived from vascular endothelium (endothelins and prostaglandin F2a) appear to play a crucial ro ...
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System Is Involved in Rapid Nerve
... also suggested the possibility that NGF can also induce immediate release of ACh. Knipper and collaborators obtained in vitro evidence for NGF-induced rapid release of ACh in the cortex (Knipper et al. 1994a,b). The authors demonstrated such effects in synaptosomes prepared from the rat hippocampus ...
... also suggested the possibility that NGF can also induce immediate release of ACh. Knipper and collaborators obtained in vitro evidence for NGF-induced rapid release of ACh in the cortex (Knipper et al. 1994a,b). The authors demonstrated such effects in synaptosomes prepared from the rat hippocampus ...
Guidance of Neuronal Growth Cones in the Grasshopper Embryo. II
... behaves quite differently when faced with the same environment. In this paper, we focus on the pathway choice of the aCC growth cone, examining its filopodial extension and contacts and experimentally testing its specificity. We end by discussing the applicability of our model, derived from a reduct ...
... behaves quite differently when faced with the same environment. In this paper, we focus on the pathway choice of the aCC growth cone, examining its filopodial extension and contacts and experimentally testing its specificity. We end by discussing the applicability of our model, derived from a reduct ...
Document
... neurons [87]. In GT1 cells a pathological phenotype was observed with an increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the infected cultures [85, 110] and recently Cronier et al. reported that prion infection of primary cultured neurons and astrocytes induced neuronal cell death [27]. In several stud ...
... neurons [87]. In GT1 cells a pathological phenotype was observed with an increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the infected cultures [85, 110] and recently Cronier et al. reported that prion infection of primary cultured neurons and astrocytes induced neuronal cell death [27]. In several stud ...
Chemical Nature of Synaptic Transmission in Vertebrates
... quick in onset and short lasting; they are blocked by an excess of nicotine or by curare and curarelike agents. By contrast, muscarinic actions tend to be slow in onset and prolonged; they are blocked by atropine and related compounds. In general, the parasympathetic system acts on its effector orga ...
... quick in onset and short lasting; they are blocked by an excess of nicotine or by curare and curarelike agents. By contrast, muscarinic actions tend to be slow in onset and prolonged; they are blocked by atropine and related compounds. In general, the parasympathetic system acts on its effector orga ...
The Loss of Glutamate-GABA Harmony in Anxiety Disorders
... The most efficacious anxiolytic drugs are the positive modulators (PAM) acting at the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABAA receptor, thus enhancing the affinity of the natural agonist to the receptor, known as benzodiazepines (Sternbach et al., 1974). The number of representatives of the group r ...
... The most efficacious anxiolytic drugs are the positive modulators (PAM) acting at the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABAA receptor, thus enhancing the affinity of the natural agonist to the receptor, known as benzodiazepines (Sternbach et al., 1974). The number of representatives of the group r ...
themes - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
... and excitatory vagal motor pathways act independently in some reflex activities, whereas in others, they act in concert to produce a complex motor response. For example, the smooth muscle sphincters of the gut remain contracted in the basal state due to their intrinsic myogenic tone. Activation of t ...
... and excitatory vagal motor pathways act independently in some reflex activities, whereas in others, they act in concert to produce a complex motor response. For example, the smooth muscle sphincters of the gut remain contracted in the basal state due to their intrinsic myogenic tone. Activation of t ...
PDF - Fishell Lab
... is a distinct delay in the appearance of GABAergic interneurons in the olfactory bulb. Taken together, our data support a model in which Gsh2, in response to sonic hedgehog signaling, plays a crucial role in multiple aspects of telencephalic development. ...
... is a distinct delay in the appearance of GABAergic interneurons in the olfactory bulb. Taken together, our data support a model in which Gsh2, in response to sonic hedgehog signaling, plays a crucial role in multiple aspects of telencephalic development. ...
Dynamics of sensory thalamocortical synaptic networks during
... depicting the lemniscal fibers to VPM and POm, and the thalamocortical fibers originating in those nuclei that give rise to primary and secondary thalamocortical pathways, respectively. The primary pathway originating in VPM leaves fiber collaterals in the nRt, upper layer VI and terminates in layer ...
... depicting the lemniscal fibers to VPM and POm, and the thalamocortical fibers originating in those nuclei that give rise to primary and secondary thalamocortical pathways, respectively. The primary pathway originating in VPM leaves fiber collaterals in the nRt, upper layer VI and terminates in layer ...
Association of Poly(A) mRNA with Microtubules
... proteins over considerable distances to reach their correct cytological destinations. Dendrites can synthesize proteins where they are required by positioning specific mRNAs at proximal sites. The localization of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) mRNA in situ and in culture provides one such e ...
... proteins over considerable distances to reach their correct cytological destinations. Dendrites can synthesize proteins where they are required by positioning specific mRNAs at proximal sites. The localization of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) mRNA in situ and in culture provides one such e ...
Medullary control of nociceptive transmission
... Limbic system: a group of interconnected deep brain structures common to all mammals that includes the hypothalamus, amygdala, olfactory bubs and hippocampus. It plays an important role in the regulation of motivation, emotions and various autonomic functions. Neuropathic pain: pain initiated or cau ...
... Limbic system: a group of interconnected deep brain structures common to all mammals that includes the hypothalamus, amygdala, olfactory bubs and hippocampus. It plays an important role in the regulation of motivation, emotions and various autonomic functions. Neuropathic pain: pain initiated or cau ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... nuclear staining that was absent in Mecp2/y neurons (Fig. 1C). To test whether wild-type and Mecp2/y ESC-derived neurons begin to express synaptic markers at similar rates, we monitored between day 1 and day 21 the levels of synaptophysin, a protein associated with presynaptic vesicles. As previou ...
... nuclear staining that was absent in Mecp2/y neurons (Fig. 1C). To test whether wild-type and Mecp2/y ESC-derived neurons begin to express synaptic markers at similar rates, we monitored between day 1 and day 21 the levels of synaptophysin, a protein associated with presynaptic vesicles. As previou ...
connections of the hypothalamus and preoptic area with nuclei of
... following selective injeotions into the posterior part of the cortical nucleus (Fig. 4, R76). After injections into other amygdaloid nuclei no HlZP labeled cells were seen in the vent.r8al plremammillary nucleus (F'ig. 4, R95, R94, R60 and Fig. 5, R20). The HRP labeled cells in the posterior hypotha ...
... following selective injeotions into the posterior part of the cortical nucleus (Fig. 4, R76). After injections into other amygdaloid nuclei no HlZP labeled cells were seen in the vent.r8al plremammillary nucleus (F'ig. 4, R95, R94, R60 and Fig. 5, R20). The HRP labeled cells in the posterior hypotha ...
Nervous System - El Camino College
... oligodendrocytes thus lacking neurilemma and usually do not regenerate. ...
... oligodendrocytes thus lacking neurilemma and usually do not regenerate. ...
The Development of Ocular Dominance Columns
... Hubel, 1963a). In these animals, the two eyes were entirely normal, and neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN, see figure 1), the nucleus that is the major source of input to visual cortex, appeared to be nearly normal. The geniculate neurons in the layer driven by the deprived eye responde ...
... Hubel, 1963a). In these animals, the two eyes were entirely normal, and neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN, see figure 1), the nucleus that is the major source of input to visual cortex, appeared to be nearly normal. The geniculate neurons in the layer driven by the deprived eye responde ...
FLRT proteins act as guidance cues for migrating cortical interneurons
... distribution of cortical interneurons and pyramidal layer formation ............... 154 5.4 Non-cell autonomous action of FLRT2 and FLRT3 regulating intracortical interneuron migration through the SP stream .................................................. 156 5.5 Possible scenarios of FLRT functio ...
... distribution of cortical interneurons and pyramidal layer formation ............... 154 5.4 Non-cell autonomous action of FLRT2 and FLRT3 regulating intracortical interneuron migration through the SP stream .................................................. 156 5.5 Possible scenarios of FLRT functio ...
Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and
... Mirror neurons for mouth actions in F5 a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or ...
... Mirror neurons for mouth actions in F5 a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or ...
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... excitotoxic damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, activation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signals, ischemia and protein misfolding. Exploring the mechanism of axonal transport failure, synaptic dysfunction, the glial system in glaucoma, and stem cell used in glau ...
... excitotoxic damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, activation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signals, ischemia and protein misfolding. Exploring the mechanism of axonal transport failure, synaptic dysfunction, the glial system in glaucoma, and stem cell used in glau ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... neurons in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the unanesthetized rabbit. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1097–1113, 1999. The ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to the inferior colliculus. Despite its prominence, the responses ...
... neurons in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the unanesthetized rabbit. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1097–1113, 1999. The ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to the inferior colliculus. Despite its prominence, the responses ...
Coding of relative size in monkey inferotemporal cortex
... between the stimuli, we first calculated a measure of population dissimilarity for each pair of versions, which was simply the absolute difference in firing rate elicited by the two versions averaged across the relevant population, in a window of 70 –270 ms after image onset (other time intervals yi ...
... between the stimuli, we first calculated a measure of population dissimilarity for each pair of versions, which was simply the absolute difference in firing rate elicited by the two versions averaged across the relevant population, in a window of 70 –270 ms after image onset (other time intervals yi ...
I dc
... Generation of a Spike Synaptic Coupling Excitatory Synapse Exciting the Postsynaptic Neuron Inhibitory Synapse Inhibiting the Generation of Spikes of the Postsynaptic Neuron ...
... Generation of a Spike Synaptic Coupling Excitatory Synapse Exciting the Postsynaptic Neuron Inhibitory Synapse Inhibiting the Generation of Spikes of the Postsynaptic Neuron ...
Cortical rotation - Development
... as aligned tracks for movement. Cytochalasin D, in contrast, does not interfere with rotation, precluding a continuous role for dynamic microfilaments. Finally, cycloheximide doesn't inhibit rotation, even when applied before fertilization, indicating that the entire process is post-translational, d ...
... as aligned tracks for movement. Cytochalasin D, in contrast, does not interfere with rotation, precluding a continuous role for dynamic microfilaments. Finally, cycloheximide doesn't inhibit rotation, even when applied before fertilization, indicating that the entire process is post-translational, d ...