Immunocytochemical Distribution of the
... as the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, also express high levels of the CB1 receptor (Herkenham and others 1991; Matsuda and others 1993; Glass and others 1997; Biegon and Kerman 2001). Therefore, CB1 receptors in these regions may mediate certain deficits in cognitive functions observed f ...
... as the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, also express high levels of the CB1 receptor (Herkenham and others 1991; Matsuda and others 1993; Glass and others 1997; Biegon and Kerman 2001). Therefore, CB1 receptors in these regions may mediate certain deficits in cognitive functions observed f ...
5 Neurochemistry of the Gustatory System
... factor (BDNF) is critical for the initial development of taste papillae and taste buds and their successful innervation by gustatory axons (Nosrat et al., 1997), the molecular mechanisms important for cell turnover during adulthood are not well understood. It is known that some taste receptor cells ...
... factor (BDNF) is critical for the initial development of taste papillae and taste buds and their successful innervation by gustatory axons (Nosrat et al., 1997), the molecular mechanisms important for cell turnover during adulthood are not well understood. It is known that some taste receptor cells ...
View Full Page PDF
... action potentials, called a “low-threshold spike” (LTS) or “postinhibitory rebound.” The importance of the rebound response of TC cells was first established by Andersen and Eccles (9), who called it “postanodal exaltation.” It was later characterized in vitro by Llinás and Jahnsen (209) and in viv ...
... action potentials, called a “low-threshold spike” (LTS) or “postinhibitory rebound.” The importance of the rebound response of TC cells was first established by Andersen and Eccles (9), who called it “postanodal exaltation.” It was later characterized in vitro by Llinás and Jahnsen (209) and in viv ...
Local Gene Expression in Axons and Nerve Endings: The Glia
... Neither set of signals has been proven so far, and signals of such complexity may hardly be compatible with our present view of the neuron. Nonetheless, in an ingenious attempt to solve this problem, it was postulated that activated synaptic terminals might be tagged by an unspecified local process ...
... Neither set of signals has been proven so far, and signals of such complexity may hardly be compatible with our present view of the neuron. Nonetheless, in an ingenious attempt to solve this problem, it was postulated that activated synaptic terminals might be tagged by an unspecified local process ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... computational modeling provides a framework for understanding such a combination. The influence of these two effects was analyzed in a circuit model evaluating the steady-state response to different levels of afferent input A. The cholinergic depolarization of interneurons has the effect of reducing ...
... computational modeling provides a framework for understanding such a combination. The influence of these two effects was analyzed in a circuit model evaluating the steady-state response to different levels of afferent input A. The cholinergic depolarization of interneurons has the effect of reducing ...
Isoform-specific expression and function of neuregulin
... in sections, the signal in the heart originated in the endocardium of the ventricle (compare also Fig. 3I). We conclude that cells derived from several lineages (mesoderm, neuroectoderm, placode and neural crest) express neuregulin type I during early postimplantation development. Isoform-specific e ...
... in sections, the signal in the heart originated in the endocardium of the ventricle (compare also Fig. 3I). We conclude that cells derived from several lineages (mesoderm, neuroectoderm, placode and neural crest) express neuregulin type I during early postimplantation development. Isoform-specific e ...
Wasp uses venom cocktail to manipulate the behavior F. Libersat
... into the nervous system of its prey The first sting is applied to the first thoracic segment, which houses the pro-thoracic ganglion. Cockroaches stung only once in the prothorax exhibit a flaccid paralysis of the front legs from which they recover within a few minutes (Fouad et al. 1994). Because t ...
... into the nervous system of its prey The first sting is applied to the first thoracic segment, which houses the pro-thoracic ganglion. Cockroaches stung only once in the prothorax exhibit a flaccid paralysis of the front legs from which they recover within a few minutes (Fouad et al. 1994). Because t ...
Central Neuropeptide Y Signaling Ameliorates N
... Abstract—Neuropeptide Y is a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter expressed in the central neurons that control blood pressure. NO also serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and its deficit causes sympathetic overactivity, which then contributes to hypertension. This study tested the hypothesis th ...
... Abstract—Neuropeptide Y is a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter expressed in the central neurons that control blood pressure. NO also serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and its deficit causes sympathetic overactivity, which then contributes to hypertension. This study tested the hypothesis th ...
FREE Sample Here
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
polyneuronal innervation of the fast muscles of the marine teleost
... in saturated ammonium molybdate, washed in tap water, squashed between slides and dehydrated in three rapid changes of absolute alcohol. Preparations were cleared in xylene, thinned to a sheet 1-3 fibres thick, and mounted in Damar. Pre-terminal axons and neuromuscular junctions were demonstrated by ...
... in saturated ammonium molybdate, washed in tap water, squashed between slides and dehydrated in three rapid changes of absolute alcohol. Preparations were cleared in xylene, thinned to a sheet 1-3 fibres thick, and mounted in Damar. Pre-terminal axons and neuromuscular junctions were demonstrated by ...
Stephen Hawking
... Stephen Hawking is a famous physicist that showed that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. Hawking discovered a theory . Hawking discovered a theory that black holes were not back, and that black holes coul ...
... Stephen Hawking is a famous physicist that showed that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. Hawking discovered a theory . Hawking discovered a theory that black holes were not back, and that black holes coul ...
Molecular embryology of the foregut.
... pancreas). The gut is composed of three germ layers: mesoderm (which forms the smooth ...
... pancreas). The gut is composed of three germ layers: mesoderm (which forms the smooth ...
Ciccarelli 2: The Biological Perspective
... • Synapse/synaptic gap: microscopic fluidfilled space between the rounded areas on the end of the axon terminals of one cell and the dendrites or surface of the next cell • Receptor sites: holes in the surface of the dendrites or certain cells of the muscles and glands, which are shaped to fit only ...
... • Synapse/synaptic gap: microscopic fluidfilled space between the rounded areas on the end of the axon terminals of one cell and the dendrites or surface of the next cell • Receptor sites: holes in the surface of the dendrites or certain cells of the muscles and glands, which are shaped to fit only ...
Layer 4 in Primary Visual Cortex
... and GABAergic inhibitory neurons, with the population of excitatory neurons (more than 80%) > 4 times higher than that of inhibitory cells (less than 20%, Gabbott and Somogyi, 1986; Fitzpatrick et al., 1987; Hendry et al., 1987; Meinecke and Peters, 1987; Demeulemeester et al., 1988). Morphologicall ...
... and GABAergic inhibitory neurons, with the population of excitatory neurons (more than 80%) > 4 times higher than that of inhibitory cells (less than 20%, Gabbott and Somogyi, 1986; Fitzpatrick et al., 1987; Hendry et al., 1987; Meinecke and Peters, 1987; Demeulemeester et al., 1988). Morphologicall ...
On-line Optical Operant Conditioning of Cortical Activity
... GCaMP6s. While performing calcium imaging, spiking events in multiple neurons could be inferred. Rewards were given to animals in response to inferred events. We found that single neurons in layer 2/3 of motor cortex could be trained to increase activity in a specific manner, and that this increase ...
... GCaMP6s. While performing calcium imaging, spiking events in multiple neurons could be inferred. Rewards were given to animals in response to inferred events. We found that single neurons in layer 2/3 of motor cortex could be trained to increase activity in a specific manner, and that this increase ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... cortex (see Fig. 1C). This cortical region belongs to the classic visual association cortex, namely area 19 of Brodmann (for a thorough review on this topic, see Gamberini et al. 2015). However, since the first description of this region, it was evident that not all neurons were visually activated. C ...
... cortex (see Fig. 1C). This cortical region belongs to the classic visual association cortex, namely area 19 of Brodmann (for a thorough review on this topic, see Gamberini et al. 2015). However, since the first description of this region, it was evident that not all neurons were visually activated. C ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Important for the Manifestations ofα
... chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and trigger an integrated cellular response called unfold protein response (UPR), which attempts to protect cells from accumulation of toxic misfolded proteins. However, chronic unabated ERS leads to the activation of cell death cascade (Ron and Walter, 200 ...
... chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and trigger an integrated cellular response called unfold protein response (UPR), which attempts to protect cells from accumulation of toxic misfolded proteins. However, chronic unabated ERS leads to the activation of cell death cascade (Ron and Walter, 200 ...
Multisensory anatomical pathways - Centre de Recherche Cerveau
... 2008 for recent reviews) and highlight that the mechanisms for multisensory interplay are believed to include several levels of brain processing, from the thalamus to the primary sensory areas and higher stages of sensory processing. Such an increase in the diversity of the pathways by which multise ...
... 2008 for recent reviews) and highlight that the mechanisms for multisensory interplay are believed to include several levels of brain processing, from the thalamus to the primary sensory areas and higher stages of sensory processing. Such an increase in the diversity of the pathways by which multise ...
Caudo‐rostral brain spreading of α‐synuclein through vagal
... a-Synuclein accumulation and pathology in Parkinson’s disease typically display a caudo-rostral pattern of progression, involving neuronal nuclei in the medulla oblongata at the earliest stages. In this study, selective expression and accumulation of human a-synuclein within medullary neurons was ac ...
... a-Synuclein accumulation and pathology in Parkinson’s disease typically display a caudo-rostral pattern of progression, involving neuronal nuclei in the medulla oblongata at the earliest stages. In this study, selective expression and accumulation of human a-synuclein within medullary neurons was ac ...
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity: common themes
... these last two theoretical studies explored the computational importance of temporally asymmetric Hebbian learning before STDP was clearly established experimentally. Temporally asymmetric STDP connects Hebbian learning with predictive coding. If a feature in the synaptic input pattern can reliably ...
... these last two theoretical studies explored the computational importance of temporally asymmetric Hebbian learning before STDP was clearly established experimentally. Temporally asymmetric STDP connects Hebbian learning with predictive coding. If a feature in the synaptic input pattern can reliably ...
The architectural balance of the Ventral Nerve Cord depends
... activity correlated with an increase in apoptosis over the basal cell death levels characteristic of the developing VNC (Figure S5). In summary, a tight control of JNK signaling appears to be essential for the acquisition of the proper structural organization and architectural balance of the develop ...
... activity correlated with an increase in apoptosis over the basal cell death levels characteristic of the developing VNC (Figure S5). In summary, a tight control of JNK signaling appears to be essential for the acquisition of the proper structural organization and architectural balance of the develop ...
world-of-psychology-7th-edition-wood-test-bank
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
Full Text - Cerebral Cortex
... Another OFC neuron is shown in Figure 3c. This neuron showed activations in both water and no-reward trials during the delay period. Similar activations in no-reward trials but no activation in any reward trials were observed in the ‘Visible and cued food reward’ tasks (not shown). It appears that t ...
... Another OFC neuron is shown in Figure 3c. This neuron showed activations in both water and no-reward trials during the delay period. Similar activations in no-reward trials but no activation in any reward trials were observed in the ‘Visible and cued food reward’ tasks (not shown). It appears that t ...