The Origins of Two-State Spontaneous Membrane Potential
... matched those of spiny neurons as described in previous studies (Wilson and Groves, 1980). An example showing spontaneous activity of one of these cells is shown in Figure 2. In all control cells, the membrane potential switched between two relatively constant subthreshold levels. Quantification of ...
... matched those of spiny neurons as described in previous studies (Wilson and Groves, 1980). An example showing spontaneous activity of one of these cells is shown in Figure 2. In all control cells, the membrane potential switched between two relatively constant subthreshold levels. Quantification of ...
Kv2 Channels Form Delayed-Rectifier Potassium Channels In Situ
... immature and mature times did not vary (40 and 36%, respectively), the inferred proportions of Kv2 channels are similar. The mutant subunit may have produced this effect by decreasing either the number of functional channels, the single-channel conductance, or Popen. These results suggest that funct ...
... immature and mature times did not vary (40 and 36%, respectively), the inferred proportions of Kv2 channels are similar. The mutant subunit may have produced this effect by decreasing either the number of functional channels, the single-channel conductance, or Popen. These results suggest that funct ...
Pheromone signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila
... Subsequent efforts to find homologous ORs in insects were unsuccessful until 1999, when three groups separately managed to identify candidate Drosophila OR genes (Clyne et al. 1999, Gao and Chess 1999, Vosshall et al. 1999). In D. melanogaster there is a total of 62 olfactory receptors that are enc ...
... Subsequent efforts to find homologous ORs in insects were unsuccessful until 1999, when three groups separately managed to identify candidate Drosophila OR genes (Clyne et al. 1999, Gao and Chess 1999, Vosshall et al. 1999). In D. melanogaster there is a total of 62 olfactory receptors that are enc ...
Primate Frontal Eye Fields. II. Physiological and Anatomical
... saccades and cell type Currents were read as half peak-to-peak values, and At 366 frontal eye field sites we studied an the S88 controls were adjusted to equate positive isolated cell and then microstimulated through and negative current. Currents tested ranged from 5 to 150pA. the recording electro ...
... saccades and cell type Currents were read as half peak-to-peak values, and At 366 frontal eye field sites we studied an the S88 controls were adjusted to equate positive isolated cell and then microstimulated through and negative current. Currents tested ranged from 5 to 150pA. the recording electro ...
Sample
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
Whole-Brain Serial-Section Electron Microscopy In Larval Zebrafish
... Investigating the dense meshwork of wires and synapses that form neuronal circuits is possible with the high resolution of serial-section electron microscopy (ssEM)1. However, the imaging scale required to comprehensively reconstruct axons and dendrites is more than 10 orders of magnitude smaller th ...
... Investigating the dense meshwork of wires and synapses that form neuronal circuits is possible with the high resolution of serial-section electron microscopy (ssEM)1. However, the imaging scale required to comprehensively reconstruct axons and dendrites is more than 10 orders of magnitude smaller th ...
Ligand-dependent stimulation of introduced mammalian brain
... Zygotes of S. purpuratus were injected with synthetic mRNAs encoding rodent brain neurotransmitter receptors, and specific developmental phenotypes were produced on addition to the sea water of the respective ligands. Most of these experiments were carried out with a mouse serotonin receptor (5HT-R) ...
... Zygotes of S. purpuratus were injected with synthetic mRNAs encoding rodent brain neurotransmitter receptors, and specific developmental phenotypes were produced on addition to the sea water of the respective ligands. Most of these experiments were carried out with a mouse serotonin receptor (5HT-R) ...
Reverse pharmacology of orexin
... the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and monoaminergic neurons in the brain stem to maintain arousal. In addition, orexin neurons also appear to act on LDT/PPT cholinergic neurons, because orexin neurons project directly to the PPT/ LDT nuclei and direct injection of orexin-A into the LDT of cats ...
... the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and monoaminergic neurons in the brain stem to maintain arousal. In addition, orexin neurons also appear to act on LDT/PPT cholinergic neurons, because orexin neurons project directly to the PPT/ LDT nuclei and direct injection of orexin-A into the LDT of cats ...
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... neuroscience, and equip you with the tools to extrapolate this knowledge into areas that are not covered by the course. At the end of this module you should be able to read and understan ...
... neuroscience, and equip you with the tools to extrapolate this knowledge into areas that are not covered by the course. At the end of this module you should be able to read and understan ...
involvement of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis activated by
... Twelve Ce-sham-operated, 20 Ce-lesioned, 12 BST-sham-operated and 20 BST-lesioned animals, which were implanted with a morphine pellet, were used in the CPA experiments. Apparatus. CPA was conducted as previously described (Watanabe et al., 2002a). The place conditioning apparatus consisted of a shu ...
... Twelve Ce-sham-operated, 20 Ce-lesioned, 12 BST-sham-operated and 20 BST-lesioned animals, which were implanted with a morphine pellet, were used in the CPA experiments. Apparatus. CPA was conducted as previously described (Watanabe et al., 2002a). The place conditioning apparatus consisted of a shu ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... rather than limbs acting them out. Indeed, the scanning hypothesis has itself become a part of the folk psychological interpretation of dreaming. Although the scanning hypothesis remains popular, REMs may not provide the insight into dreaming that many have assumed. This is the view of Chase and Mor ...
... rather than limbs acting them out. Indeed, the scanning hypothesis has itself become a part of the folk psychological interpretation of dreaming. Although the scanning hypothesis remains popular, REMs may not provide the insight into dreaming that many have assumed. This is the view of Chase and Mor ...
Predominance of Movement Speed Over Direction in Neuronal
... Pistohl et al. 2008), other important parameters investigated were position (Pistohl et al. 2008), acceleration (Bourguignon et al. 2011; Hammer et al. 2013), or speed (Jerbi et al. 2007). Another factor leading to diversity among studies is that there are many different signal components that can b ...
... Pistohl et al. 2008), other important parameters investigated were position (Pistohl et al. 2008), acceleration (Bourguignon et al. 2011; Hammer et al. 2013), or speed (Jerbi et al. 2007). Another factor leading to diversity among studies is that there are many different signal components that can b ...
Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels in the CNS
... specific region of a neuron. During development, Nav1.2 first appears in the predicted nodes during myelination, and Nav1.6 replaces it in the mature nodes25,26. These characteristic localizations are influenced by myelination. Examination of the influence of the paranodal junction on the switching ...
... specific region of a neuron. During development, Nav1.2 first appears in the predicted nodes during myelination, and Nav1.6 replaces it in the mature nodes25,26. These characteristic localizations are influenced by myelination. Examination of the influence of the paranodal junction on the switching ...
Multisensory Integration in the Ventral Intraparietal Area of the
... were prepared for chronic recording of eye position and single-neuron activity in VIP. A single surgery was induced with Zoletil 20 (6 mg/kg) and atropine (0.25 mg) and maintained under isoflurane anesthesia (2.5%). A search coil was implanted subconjunctivally to measure eye position (Judge et al., ...
... were prepared for chronic recording of eye position and single-neuron activity in VIP. A single surgery was induced with Zoletil 20 (6 mg/kg) and atropine (0.25 mg) and maintained under isoflurane anesthesia (2.5%). A search coil was implanted subconjunctivally to measure eye position (Judge et al., ...
Chapter 122: Neurocircuitry Of Parkinson`s Disease
... Pf complex, which project to the striatum (see above), constituting one of the many feedback circuits in the basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuitry (259). Additional axon collaterals reach the noncholinergic portion of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) (125,227,243,257,277), which gives rise to de ...
... Pf complex, which project to the striatum (see above), constituting one of the many feedback circuits in the basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuitry (259). Additional axon collaterals reach the noncholinergic portion of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) (125,227,243,257,277), which gives rise to de ...
Molecular Pathways of Endoplasmic Reticulum
... death mechanism of neurons. Since ER-driven Ca2+ release has previously been implicated in mammalian necrosis, it has been suggested that necrotic death mechanisms may be evolutionary preconserved (Xu et al. 2001). The complex of strictly Ca2+-dependent processes which take place in this subcellular ...
... death mechanism of neurons. Since ER-driven Ca2+ release has previously been implicated in mammalian necrosis, it has been suggested that necrotic death mechanisms may be evolutionary preconserved (Xu et al. 2001). The complex of strictly Ca2+-dependent processes which take place in this subcellular ...
Kisspeptin Signaling Is Required for the Luteinizing Introduction of Males
... pentobarbital (Lethabarb; Virbarc, Peakhurst, N.S.W., Australia). Heads were perfused and the hypothalami dissected as previously described [21]. Coronal sections (30 mm) were cut on a cryostat and placed into cryoprotectant (30% ethylene glycol, 20% glycerol in sodium phosphate buffer) until used f ...
... pentobarbital (Lethabarb; Virbarc, Peakhurst, N.S.W., Australia). Heads were perfused and the hypothalami dissected as previously described [21]. Coronal sections (30 mm) were cut on a cryostat and placed into cryoprotectant (30% ethylene glycol, 20% glycerol in sodium phosphate buffer) until used f ...
Glutamate Receptors
... loops? First, when descending corticobrainstem glutamate pathways have hypofunctioning NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area, this creates mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity and positive symptoms of psychosis, as already eXplained above and illustrated in Figure 9-39B. The effects of this on C ...
... loops? First, when descending corticobrainstem glutamate pathways have hypofunctioning NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area, this creates mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity and positive symptoms of psychosis, as already eXplained above and illustrated in Figure 9-39B. The effects of this on C ...
Developmental diversity in free-living flatworms
... system other than the epidermis. Regeneration and asexual reproduction, based on a totipotent neoblast stem cell system, are broadly present among different groups of flatworms. While some more basally branching groups such as polyclad flatworms - retain the ancestral quartet spiral cleavage pattern ...
... system other than the epidermis. Regeneration and asexual reproduction, based on a totipotent neoblast stem cell system, are broadly present among different groups of flatworms. While some more basally branching groups such as polyclad flatworms - retain the ancestral quartet spiral cleavage pattern ...
Neuromorphic computing
... loop works as follows: 1. PSC for all delivered events are computed 2. membrane potential is updated and new events are bufferized 3. new events are sent towards post-synaptic nodes 4. simulation time is increased by Δ ...
... loop works as follows: 1. PSC for all delivered events are computed 2. membrane potential is updated and new events are bufferized 3. new events are sent towards post-synaptic nodes 4. simulation time is increased by Δ ...