world-of-psychology-7th-edition-wood-test-bank
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
... 21. When a cell is “at rest,” it is in a state called the __________. a) stopping point b) obcipitation junction Incorrect. This is a fictitious word. c) resting potential Correct. A cell at rest is in a state called the resting potential. d) action potential ANS: c, p. 40, C, LO=2.2, (1) 22. The me ...
Full Text - Cerebral Cortex
... Another OFC neuron is shown in Figure 3c. This neuron showed activations in both water and no-reward trials during the delay period. Similar activations in no-reward trials but no activation in any reward trials were observed in the ‘Visible and cued food reward’ tasks (not shown). It appears that t ...
... Another OFC neuron is shown in Figure 3c. This neuron showed activations in both water and no-reward trials during the delay period. Similar activations in no-reward trials but no activation in any reward trials were observed in the ‘Visible and cued food reward’ tasks (not shown). It appears that t ...
Topographically Specific Hippocampal Projections Target Functionally Distinct Prefrontal Areas in the
... six laycrs, which typify culaminate areas. Although input to eulaminatc prefrontal areas is distributed, by comparison with the limbic areas it is considerably more focal. Thus, sensory input to those eulaniinate prefrontal areas with the best laminar definition originates from cortices associated w ...
... six laycrs, which typify culaminate areas. Although input to eulaminatc prefrontal areas is distributed, by comparison with the limbic areas it is considerably more focal. Thus, sensory input to those eulaniinate prefrontal areas with the best laminar definition originates from cortices associated w ...
PPT
... • In PRR & LIP in the posterior parietal cortex – Maps for the direction of either arm or eye movements that the monkey is intending to perform(SUA) – Direction of planned arm and eye movements(LFP) – Tuning widths for movement directions(LFP, SUA) LFP in general shows responses properties similar t ...
... • In PRR & LIP in the posterior parietal cortex – Maps for the direction of either arm or eye movements that the monkey is intending to perform(SUA) – Direction of planned arm and eye movements(LFP) – Tuning widths for movement directions(LFP, SUA) LFP in general shows responses properties similar t ...
Efficient gene transduction of neurons by lentivirus with
... IIF between CMV and all the hybrid promoters by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. E/Ta1 promoter displayed higher intensity than CMV promoter in the neostriatum, whereas E/CaMKII and E/PDGF promoters exhibited lower intensities than CMV promoter in the thalamu ...
... IIF between CMV and all the hybrid promoters by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. E/Ta1 promoter displayed higher intensity than CMV promoter in the neostriatum, whereas E/CaMKII and E/PDGF promoters exhibited lower intensities than CMV promoter in the thalamu ...
Functional anatomy of neural circuits regulating fear and extinction
... population of active cells and PSD-95:Venus localized to synaptodendritic compartment (Figs. 1 and 2). mRNA and proteins encoded by immediate early genes such as c-Fos, Arc, or Homer are widely used as markers of neuronal activation in behavioral studies including studies on fear (16). However, they ...
... population of active cells and PSD-95:Venus localized to synaptodendritic compartment (Figs. 1 and 2). mRNA and proteins encoded by immediate early genes such as c-Fos, Arc, or Homer are widely used as markers of neuronal activation in behavioral studies including studies on fear (16). However, they ...
(15 pages pdf)
... dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), and histamine, as well as cholinergic systems, have all been implicated in arousal in numerous behavioral settings (Robbins et al., 1998; Pfaff et al., 2002; Berridge, 2006; Devidze et al., 2006). However, ...
... dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), and histamine, as well as cholinergic systems, have all been implicated in arousal in numerous behavioral settings (Robbins et al., 1998; Pfaff et al., 2002; Berridge, 2006; Devidze et al., 2006). However, ...
PDF
... embryo, there is at this level of the tail-bud a continuous notochord though it is small, is often irregular in outline and is commonly continuous with the paraxial mesoderm for some distance (see, for instance, Plate 2, figs. 31 and 32). At a still earlier stage (Plate 3), the differences are again ...
... embryo, there is at this level of the tail-bud a continuous notochord though it is small, is often irregular in outline and is commonly continuous with the paraxial mesoderm for some distance (see, for instance, Plate 2, figs. 31 and 32). At a still earlier stage (Plate 3), the differences are again ...
Layer IV of the primary somatosensory cortex has the highest
... organized into groups that are linked synaptically across the horizontal layers. Each of these vertically oriented narrow chains of neurons, called minicolumns, is regarded as the basic unit of the neocortex (Mountcastle, 1997). Minicolumns are further connected by short-range horizontal connections ...
... organized into groups that are linked synaptically across the horizontal layers. Each of these vertically oriented narrow chains of neurons, called minicolumns, is regarded as the basic unit of the neocortex (Mountcastle, 1997). Minicolumns are further connected by short-range horizontal connections ...
Three-dimensional organization of dendrites and local axon
... appear to have a much less clearly ordered geometry than the cortical pyramidal neurons. However, Walker et al. (1993) described a preferred orientation of the dendritic arbors of MSN in the primate striatum along a rostral– dorsal–medial to caudal–ventral–lateral axis. These authors suggested that ...
... appear to have a much less clearly ordered geometry than the cortical pyramidal neurons. However, Walker et al. (1993) described a preferred orientation of the dendritic arbors of MSN in the primate striatum along a rostral– dorsal–medial to caudal–ventral–lateral axis. These authors suggested that ...
Hrk/DP5 contributes to the apoptosis of select neuronal populations
... investigated the requirement for Hrk in the apoptosis of haematopoietic progenitor cells in response to growth factor withdrawal. Foetal liver haematopoietic progenitors from Hrk–/– or control (wt) embryos were plated in semi-solid agar to which interleukin 3 (IL3), stem cell factor (SCF) and erythr ...
... investigated the requirement for Hrk in the apoptosis of haematopoietic progenitor cells in response to growth factor withdrawal. Foetal liver haematopoietic progenitors from Hrk–/– or control (wt) embryos were plated in semi-solid agar to which interleukin 3 (IL3), stem cell factor (SCF) and erythr ...
The Loss of Glutamate-GABA Harmony in Anxiety Disorders
... The most efficacious anxiolytic drugs are the positive modulators (PAM) acting at the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABAA receptor, thus enhancing the affinity of the natural agonist to the receptor, known as benzodiazepines (Sternbach et al., 1974). The number of representatives of the group r ...
... The most efficacious anxiolytic drugs are the positive modulators (PAM) acting at the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABAA receptor, thus enhancing the affinity of the natural agonist to the receptor, known as benzodiazepines (Sternbach et al., 1974). The number of representatives of the group r ...
Potential switch from eupnea to fictive gasping after blockade of
... “ramplike” manner (see, e.g., Refs. 31 and 32), whereas during gasping, the phrenic discharges have a decrementing pattern (e.g., Refs. 30, 42–44). In addition, activities of cranial and spinal nerves become concentrated to the period of the phrenic burst with the change from eupnea to gasping. This ...
... “ramplike” manner (see, e.g., Refs. 31 and 32), whereas during gasping, the phrenic discharges have a decrementing pattern (e.g., Refs. 30, 42–44). In addition, activities of cranial and spinal nerves become concentrated to the period of the phrenic burst with the change from eupnea to gasping. This ...
Analysis of a zebrafish dync1h1 mutant reveals multiple functions for
... maintain a large yolk plasm to cell ratio during development, this phenomenon of maternal rescue often results in mutants of cell-essential genes with surprisingly mild phenotypes [31,32]. Previous studies in zebrafish have shown that mutations in Dynactin subunits, which complex to activate many of ...
... maintain a large yolk plasm to cell ratio during development, this phenomenon of maternal rescue often results in mutants of cell-essential genes with surprisingly mild phenotypes [31,32]. Previous studies in zebrafish have shown that mutations in Dynactin subunits, which complex to activate many of ...
The Effect of Adriamycin Exposure on the Notochord of Mouse Embryos
... from the primary body organizer, the node, during gastrulation and initially form a midline structure called the prechordal plate that is located within the foregut endoderm (Jurand, 1974). Normal delamination of these cells results in a rod-like notochord detached from the endoderm and displaced do ...
... from the primary body organizer, the node, during gastrulation and initially form a midline structure called the prechordal plate that is located within the foregut endoderm (Jurand, 1974). Normal delamination of these cells results in a rod-like notochord detached from the endoderm and displaced do ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), and the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Each division of the CN receives ...
... the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), and the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Each division of the CN receives ...
Neuronal Activity in Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata during Target
... target is identified out of the many possible, the activity of SC neurons increases to levels seen when only a single target is present, overcoming the inhibitory interactions and analogous to changes seen in cortical regions when visual attention is directed to the preferred target. Third, when mon ...
... target is identified out of the many possible, the activity of SC neurons increases to levels seen when only a single target is present, overcoming the inhibitory interactions and analogous to changes seen in cortical regions when visual attention is directed to the preferred target. Third, when mon ...
2nd year - FORTH-ICS - Foundation for Research and Technology
... within the cortex, as suggested by our preliminary results. A major implication of this, both for biological and for artificial agents, is that it should be possible to train their motor system by simple action-observation and action-recall. The representations, shared by both overt actions and by m ...
... within the cortex, as suggested by our preliminary results. A major implication of this, both for biological and for artificial agents, is that it should be possible to train their motor system by simple action-observation and action-recall. The representations, shared by both overt actions and by m ...
Brain Stimulation for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
... Anderson did show, however, a reduced burst firing pattern during DBS, which may support the notion that DBS may exert its therapeutic effects via a modulation of basal ganglia firing patterns rather than by changing firing rates. Similar results have also been observed with a rodent model of DBS (C ...
... Anderson did show, however, a reduced burst firing pattern during DBS, which may support the notion that DBS may exert its therapeutic effects via a modulation of basal ganglia firing patterns rather than by changing firing rates. Similar results have also been observed with a rodent model of DBS (C ...
Loss of TDP-43 causes age-dependent progressive motor neuron
... span and anatomical defects at neuromuscular junctions (Feiguin et al., 2009). TDP-43-depleted zebrafish exhibit swimming deficits along with excessive, premature branching and shortened motor axons (Kabashi et al., 2011). Furthermore, TDP-43 knockout mice are embryonic lethal (Kraemer et al., 2010; ...
... span and anatomical defects at neuromuscular junctions (Feiguin et al., 2009). TDP-43-depleted zebrafish exhibit swimming deficits along with excessive, premature branching and shortened motor axons (Kabashi et al., 2011). Furthermore, TDP-43 knockout mice are embryonic lethal (Kraemer et al., 2010; ...
... amygdala, delineated with the striatal-related markers dopamine, adenosine 3 0 :5 0 -monophosphate regulated phosphoprotein of Mr 32 kDa, and the related phosphoprotein Inhibitor-1. These basal forebrain systems project to autonomic nuclei in the hypothalamus and brainstem. We interpret these result ...
Theta rhythm and the encoding and retrieval of space and time ⁎ Michael E. Hasselmo , Chantal E. Stern
... research described below. In the SPEAR model, during the encoding phase of each theta cycle (Fig. 2A), external input from entorhinal cortex is strong (Hasselmo et al., 2002a), setting a new pattern of depolarization in the postsynaptic dendrites in region CA1 for encoding. During this encoding phas ...
... research described below. In the SPEAR model, during the encoding phase of each theta cycle (Fig. 2A), external input from entorhinal cortex is strong (Hasselmo et al., 2002a), setting a new pattern of depolarization in the postsynaptic dendrites in region CA1 for encoding. During this encoding phas ...