Layer III Neurons Control Synchronized Waves in the Immature
... Correlated spiking activity prevails in immature cortical networks and is believed to contribute to neuronal circuit maturation; however, its spatiotemporal organization is not fully understood. Using wide-field calcium imaging from acute whole-brain slices of rat pups on postnatal days 1– 6, we fou ...
... Correlated spiking activity prevails in immature cortical networks and is believed to contribute to neuronal circuit maturation; however, its spatiotemporal organization is not fully understood. Using wide-field calcium imaging from acute whole-brain slices of rat pups on postnatal days 1– 6, we fou ...
Genesis and Control of the Respiratory Rhythm in Adult
... In vivo adult mammals. In anesthetized adult cats, it has been established (1, 17) that the respiratory cycle can be divided into three successive stages: 1) stage I (inspiration), during which the diaphragm and the other inspiratory muscles of the rib cage contract; 2) stage I-E (corresponding to t ...
... In vivo adult mammals. In anesthetized adult cats, it has been established (1, 17) that the respiratory cycle can be divided into three successive stages: 1) stage I (inspiration), during which the diaphragm and the other inspiratory muscles of the rib cage contract; 2) stage I-E (corresponding to t ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... At early stages of neural development, neurons send out axons to their appropriate target regions under the guidance of various molecular cues. Once growing axons arrived at their target area they begin to form relatively crude functional connections. These initial connections undergo substantial sy ...
... At early stages of neural development, neurons send out axons to their appropriate target regions under the guidance of various molecular cues. Once growing axons arrived at their target area they begin to form relatively crude functional connections. These initial connections undergo substantial sy ...
Degeneration and Regeneration in Crustacean
... those of vertebrates. For example, two distal segments of die crayfish claw or walking leg each contain only two muscle masses having antagonistic actions (Fig. 1/4). Only eight nerve axons (five excitatory, three inhibitory) innervate these four muscles; in fact, one axon provides the sole excitato ...
... those of vertebrates. For example, two distal segments of die crayfish claw or walking leg each contain only two muscle masses having antagonistic actions (Fig. 1/4). Only eight nerve axons (five excitatory, three inhibitory) innervate these four muscles; in fact, one axon provides the sole excitato ...
Constraints on Somatotopic Organization in the Primary Motor Cortex
... detailed maps of body part representation in M1 became available, culminating in the well-known summary diagrams of Penfield’s homunculus (Penfield and Rasmussen 1950) and Woolsey’s simiusculus (Woolsey et al. 1952). These icons of neuroscience commonly are interpreted as showing a systematic, spati ...
... detailed maps of body part representation in M1 became available, culminating in the well-known summary diagrams of Penfield’s homunculus (Penfield and Rasmussen 1950) and Woolsey’s simiusculus (Woolsey et al. 1952). These icons of neuroscience commonly are interpreted as showing a systematic, spati ...
Topography of Visual Cortex Connections with Frontal Eye Field in
... cortical areas is combined to generate perception and action is not known. The investigation of visually guided eye movements may be a domain in which this issue can be examined effectively because information about both object identity and spatial location must be combined to produce accurate eye m ...
... cortical areas is combined to generate perception and action is not known. The investigation of visually guided eye movements may be a domain in which this issue can be examined effectively because information about both object identity and spatial location must be combined to produce accurate eye m ...
Effect of Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity on Learning- Arc Efferent Neurons
... Spiny efferent neurons comprise ~95% of the neurons in the striatum (Kemp and Powell, 1971). Approximately half of these neurons, the striatonigral or "direct" pathway neurons, contain substance P and its preprotachykinin (PPT) precursor mRNA (Powell et al., 1973). The other half, the striatopallida ...
... Spiny efferent neurons comprise ~95% of the neurons in the striatum (Kemp and Powell, 1971). Approximately half of these neurons, the striatonigral or "direct" pathway neurons, contain substance P and its preprotachykinin (PPT) precursor mRNA (Powell et al., 1973). The other half, the striatopallida ...
Characterization of peripheral osmoreceptors - diss.fu
... infusion of membrane-impermeant substances such as sodium chloride, sodium sulfate or sucrose in hypertonic concentrations triggered VP release in dogs, whereas an infusion of the similar amount of membrane-permeant urea did not trigger VP release. Despite its permeability across cell membranes, ure ...
... infusion of membrane-impermeant substances such as sodium chloride, sodium sulfate or sucrose in hypertonic concentrations triggered VP release in dogs, whereas an infusion of the similar amount of membrane-permeant urea did not trigger VP release. Despite its permeability across cell membranes, ure ...
No Slide Title
... During voluntary activation, recruitment and temporal summation are two mechanisms that regulate the strenght of muscle contraction, and usually these mechanisms act simultaneously ...
... During voluntary activation, recruitment and temporal summation are two mechanisms that regulate the strenght of muscle contraction, and usually these mechanisms act simultaneously ...
Neuronal control of leech behavior - Emory Biology
... states, how it processes this sensory input, how it evaluates different inputs to select an appropriate motor act, and how it generates that behavior. One approach to studying these questions is to study the function of a particular neural structure (e.g. the superior colliculus or the habenular nuc ...
... states, how it processes this sensory input, how it evaluates different inputs to select an appropriate motor act, and how it generates that behavior. One approach to studying these questions is to study the function of a particular neural structure (e.g. the superior colliculus or the habenular nuc ...
A new view of the motor cortex
... this punctate stimulation could serve as a method of anatomical tract tracing. It could reveal the pathway of interest from cortex to muscles with a relay in the spinal cord, while avoiding the complication of signals spreading through other connectivity. In retrospect, given the rich, network-like ...
... this punctate stimulation could serve as a method of anatomical tract tracing. It could reveal the pathway of interest from cortex to muscles with a relay in the spinal cord, while avoiding the complication of signals spreading through other connectivity. In retrospect, given the rich, network-like ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... potential implication in morphogenesis processes. These three genes are expressed in cellular sheets arising from the three primitive layers, the ectoderm, the mesoderm and the endoderm. Together with colocalized expression sites, it appears that in a de®ned organ, the three gene expressions concern ...
... potential implication in morphogenesis processes. These three genes are expressed in cellular sheets arising from the three primitive layers, the ectoderm, the mesoderm and the endoderm. Together with colocalized expression sites, it appears that in a de®ned organ, the three gene expressions concern ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor mRNA Expression in the Brain of the Teleost
... pairwise alignments, which revealed a high level of nucleotide (87–88% with other teleost fish) and protein (ranging from 79 to 97% for all species examined) identity between the cloned sequence and other BDNF sequences from various species but lower identity level (^58%) with other neurotrophin ami ...
... pairwise alignments, which revealed a high level of nucleotide (87–88% with other teleost fish) and protein (ranging from 79 to 97% for all species examined) identity between the cloned sequence and other BDNF sequences from various species but lower identity level (^58%) with other neurotrophin ami ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... suggesting that VAMP-2 proteins similar to those operating in synapses may regulate dendritic exocytosis of oxytocin and vasopressin. Many SNARE proteins have been identified in the terminals of the posterior pituitary [55,56]. However, immunofluorescence studies have shown a surprising lack of some ...
... suggesting that VAMP-2 proteins similar to those operating in synapses may regulate dendritic exocytosis of oxytocin and vasopressin. Many SNARE proteins have been identified in the terminals of the posterior pituitary [55,56]. However, immunofluorescence studies have shown a surprising lack of some ...
Search Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School The
... synchronous neuronal firing that define epileptic seizures. Many investigators have suggested, however, that astroglia play a significant role in epilepsy (26, 27, 28). This theory allows for synchronous neuronal firing involving the domains of many astrocytes acting as a syncytium. A calcium wave p ...
... synchronous neuronal firing that define epileptic seizures. Many investigators have suggested, however, that astroglia play a significant role in epilepsy (26, 27, 28). This theory allows for synchronous neuronal firing involving the domains of many astrocytes acting as a syncytium. A calcium wave p ...
DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS DA VIDA
... activation of a regeneration program with transport of injury signals from the site of lesion to the cell body. These injury signals will then induce the expression of regeneration enhancers. Both the injury signals induced and the regeneration enhancers expressed after a central nervous system (CNS ...
... activation of a regeneration program with transport of injury signals from the site of lesion to the cell body. These injury signals will then induce the expression of regeneration enhancers. Both the injury signals induced and the regeneration enhancers expressed after a central nervous system (CNS ...
Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... suggesting that VAMP-2 proteins similar to those operating in synapses may regulate dendritic exocytosis of oxytocin and vasopressin. Many SNARE proteins have been identified in the terminals of the posterior pituitary [55,56]. However, immunofluorescence studies have shown a surprising lack of some ...
... suggesting that VAMP-2 proteins similar to those operating in synapses may regulate dendritic exocytosis of oxytocin and vasopressin. Many SNARE proteins have been identified in the terminals of the posterior pituitary [55,56]. However, immunofluorescence studies have shown a surprising lack of some ...
Evolutionary Consequences of Skeletal
... The oldest vertebrates known (Archodus, neurocranium presumed to have consisted Palaeodus), species of unknown affinity of uncalcified cartilage. The Osteostraci from the early Ordovician of Russia, pos- (Alaspis, Cephalaspis, Hemicyclaspis) had a sessed a dermal skeleton which consisted of dermal e ...
... The oldest vertebrates known (Archodus, neurocranium presumed to have consisted Palaeodus), species of unknown affinity of uncalcified cartilage. The Osteostraci from the early Ordovician of Russia, pos- (Alaspis, Cephalaspis, Hemicyclaspis) had a sessed a dermal skeleton which consisted of dermal e ...
The prefrontal cortex encompasses a large and heterogeneous set of
... subdivisions. Differences in maps and nomenclature present a formidable problem in constructing central databanks on the connections and functional attributes of areas obtained from different studies (Stephan et al., 2000). In this study we used an alternative approach to cortical mapping by investi ...
... subdivisions. Differences in maps and nomenclature present a formidable problem in constructing central databanks on the connections and functional attributes of areas obtained from different studies (Stephan et al., 2000). In this study we used an alternative approach to cortical mapping by investi ...
Rewardcircuit - URMC - University of Rochester
... This circuit is an integral part of the cortico-basal ganglia system. In addition, other structures including the amygdala, hippocampus, lateral habenular (LHb) nucleus, and specific brainstem structures, such as the pedunculopontine nucleus and the raphe nuclei, are key components that regulate the ...
... This circuit is an integral part of the cortico-basal ganglia system. In addition, other structures including the amygdala, hippocampus, lateral habenular (LHb) nucleus, and specific brainstem structures, such as the pedunculopontine nucleus and the raphe nuclei, are key components that regulate the ...
Trigeminal Nerve (CN 5) - California Health Information Association
... References: Gray’s Anatomy of the Human Body This Anatomy and Physiology tip sheet was developed by the CHIA Coding and Data Quality Committee as an educational resource 2012. Copyright © California Health Information Association, 2012. ...
... References: Gray’s Anatomy of the Human Body This Anatomy and Physiology tip sheet was developed by the CHIA Coding and Data Quality Committee as an educational resource 2012. Copyright © California Health Information Association, 2012. ...
Torsten Wiesel - Biology Courses Server
... Fig. 4. Eye preference of cells recorded in oblique penetrations through the cortex in a normal monkey, a monocularly deprived monkey, and a monkey raised with strabismus. Ocular dominance categories (l-7) are shown relative to the distance the electrode penetrated through the cortex. Top: Penetrati ...
... Fig. 4. Eye preference of cells recorded in oblique penetrations through the cortex in a normal monkey, a monocularly deprived monkey, and a monkey raised with strabismus. Ocular dominance categories (l-7) are shown relative to the distance the electrode penetrated through the cortex. Top: Penetrati ...
Document
... TB_02_20 Neurons: The Messengers_Understand_LO 2.2 If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action pot ...
... TB_02_20 Neurons: The Messengers_Understand_LO 2.2 If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action pot ...
A Brain-to-Brain Interface for Real
... n his seminal study on information transfer between biological organisms, Ralph Hartley wrote that ‘‘in any given communication the sender mentally selects a particular symbol and by some bodily motion, as his vocal mechanism, causes the receiver to be directed to that particular symbol’’1. Brain-ma ...
... n his seminal study on information transfer between biological organisms, Ralph Hartley wrote that ‘‘in any given communication the sender mentally selects a particular symbol and by some bodily motion, as his vocal mechanism, causes the receiver to be directed to that particular symbol’’1. Brain-ma ...
Neuronal rebound spiking, resonance frequency and theta
... input from the medial septum with different phases according to the equation: Ims ¼ m sinð2pft þ 2pði/nÞÞ, where f is the medial septal frequency, i is the interneuron index and n is the total number of interneurons along one ‘line’ of the model. In the spiking versions of the model described below, ...
... input from the medial septum with different phases according to the equation: Ims ¼ m sinð2pft þ 2pði/nÞÞ, where f is the medial septal frequency, i is the interneuron index and n is the total number of interneurons along one ‘line’ of the model. In the spiking versions of the model described below, ...