Differential Spatial Organization of Otolith Signals in Frog Vestibular
... conserved positions along the underlying rhombomeric scaffold (Straka et al. 2001). Thus it is possible that 2° canal and 2° otolith neurons of all types are segmentally organized (Baker 1998; Straka et al. 2001; Suwa et al. 1999). Although rhombomeres generally are evident only during embryonic sta ...
... conserved positions along the underlying rhombomeric scaffold (Straka et al. 2001). Thus it is possible that 2° canal and 2° otolith neurons of all types are segmentally organized (Baker 1998; Straka et al. 2001; Suwa et al. 1999). Although rhombomeres generally are evident only during embryonic sta ...
Core Lab #1 - Reflex Responses
... stimulus is detected by a (1) receptor cell, which synapses with a sensory neuron. The (2) sensory neuron carries the impulse from the site of the stimulus to the central nervous system (spinal cord), where it synapses with an interneuron (3). The interneuron synapses with a motor neuron (4), which ...
... stimulus is detected by a (1) receptor cell, which synapses with a sensory neuron. The (2) sensory neuron carries the impulse from the site of the stimulus to the central nervous system (spinal cord), where it synapses with an interneuron (3). The interneuron synapses with a motor neuron (4), which ...
Surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18 in cats
... to area 18 were associated with the rostral-most FR injection, caudal-most FB-labeled patches of cells reflected the caudal-most position of the FB injection, and other patches of labeled cells were aligned with their associated tracers. Thus, for connections of area 17, area 19, and the suprasylvia ...
... to area 18 were associated with the rostral-most FR injection, caudal-most FB-labeled patches of cells reflected the caudal-most position of the FB injection, and other patches of labeled cells were aligned with their associated tracers. Thus, for connections of area 17, area 19, and the suprasylvia ...
Parallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
Transgenic Mice for Intersectional Targeting of Neural Sensors and
... (Zeng et al., 2008), which supports repeated targeting. By introducing a tTA-based transcriptional amplification approach to the TIGRE locus, all reporter lines doubly regulated by Cre and tTA drove robust expression of sensors and effectors at levels substantially higher than those in comparable Ro ...
... (Zeng et al., 2008), which supports repeated targeting. By introducing a tTA-based transcriptional amplification approach to the TIGRE locus, all reporter lines doubly regulated by Cre and tTA drove robust expression of sensors and effectors at levels substantially higher than those in comparable Ro ...
SPHS 4050, Neurological Bases, PP 09a
... Now, transition to cranial nerves • Compare cranial nerves to spinal nerves – Some cranial nerves are motor only, and some are sensory only. (Only some of the cranial nerves are mixed, like the spinal nerves are) – Some of the cranial nerves do not carry both somatic and autonomic nervous system fu ...
... Now, transition to cranial nerves • Compare cranial nerves to spinal nerves – Some cranial nerves are motor only, and some are sensory only. (Only some of the cranial nerves are mixed, like the spinal nerves are) – Some of the cranial nerves do not carry both somatic and autonomic nervous system fu ...
Twist functions in mouse development
... Fig. 1.The putative functional relationship of Twist and the signalling pathways in head tissues, the limb bud and the branchial arch implied by changes in downstream gene activity in Twist mutant mouse embryos (O’Rourke et al., 2002; Soo et al., 2002; Rice et al., 2000; Xu et al., 1998). Potential ...
... Fig. 1.The putative functional relationship of Twist and the signalling pathways in head tissues, the limb bud and the branchial arch implied by changes in downstream gene activity in Twist mutant mouse embryos (O’Rourke et al., 2002; Soo et al., 2002; Rice et al., 2000; Xu et al., 1998). Potential ...
What can mice tell us about how vision works?
... manipulate specific cell types and circuits. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mouse visual system at the anatomical, receptive field and perceptual level, focusing on the opportunities and constraints those features provide toward the goal of understanding how vision w ...
... manipulate specific cell types and circuits. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mouse visual system at the anatomical, receptive field and perceptual level, focusing on the opportunities and constraints those features provide toward the goal of understanding how vision w ...
Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey
... that descended into the cortex to their profiles in the processed tissue [for details, see Yoshioka et al. (1996)]. Micropipette recording and receptive field mapping. Before making any micropipette recordings, we replaced the BSS under the chamber window with 2% agar in BSS to retain stability duri ...
... that descended into the cortex to their profiles in the processed tissue [for details, see Yoshioka et al. (1996)]. Micropipette recording and receptive field mapping. Before making any micropipette recordings, we replaced the BSS under the chamber window with 2% agar in BSS to retain stability duri ...
Insect Bio-inspired Neural Network Provides New Evidence on How
... of honeybees. These models, using just four large-field visual input neurons from each eye that sparsely connect to a single layer of interneurons within the bee brain learning centres, are able to discriminate complex achromatic patterns without the need for an internal image representation. One mo ...
... of honeybees. These models, using just four large-field visual input neurons from each eye that sparsely connect to a single layer of interneurons within the bee brain learning centres, are able to discriminate complex achromatic patterns without the need for an internal image representation. One mo ...
Clinical, electroneuromyographic and morphological studies of pure
... leprosy remains a controversial issue. Large and small myelinated ®bre loss may be observed. However, morphological signs of active axonal degeneration or demyelination, although present, were not prominent in leprosy neuropathy.1,10 The axonal loss and demyelination have been ascribed to the endone ...
... leprosy remains a controversial issue. Large and small myelinated ®bre loss may be observed. However, morphological signs of active axonal degeneration or demyelination, although present, were not prominent in leprosy neuropathy.1,10 The axonal loss and demyelination have been ascribed to the endone ...
primary motor cortex
... No class next Monday Quiz 1 is @ 5:30pm on Tuesday, 1/22/13 Study guide posted under “Study Aids” section of website ...
... No class next Monday Quiz 1 is @ 5:30pm on Tuesday, 1/22/13 Study guide posted under “Study Aids” section of website ...
PDF
... expressed in the dorsal neural tube, acts on the same neurons that respond to Ntn1 and can bind to both Dcc and Unc5 family members (Islam et al., 2009). It is tempting to speculate that these molecules could contribute to trochlear nerve guidance, although compensation by other Netrin family member ...
... expressed in the dorsal neural tube, acts on the same neurons that respond to Ntn1 and can bind to both Dcc and Unc5 family members (Islam et al., 2009). It is tempting to speculate that these molecules could contribute to trochlear nerve guidance, although compensation by other Netrin family member ...
computational modeling of observational learning - FORTH-ICS
... our ability to learn during observation. Motor mental images include a representation of the body of the demonstrator, rather than just the consequences of its actions (Jeannerod, 1994), indicating that perception is embodied and modal. For this reason, motor imagery has bee ...
... our ability to learn during observation. Motor mental images include a representation of the body of the demonstrator, rather than just the consequences of its actions (Jeannerod, 1994), indicating that perception is embodied and modal. For this reason, motor imagery has bee ...
Undulatory locomotion of polychaete annelids - FORTH-ICS
... The goal of the CPG is to produce the tail-to-head wave of muscle activation, which is characteristic of polychaete locomotion (compare this to the head-to-tail wave of the lamprey). Each neuron of the CPG is modelled as a leaky integrator and is considered to encapsulate the effect of a whole popul ...
... The goal of the CPG is to produce the tail-to-head wave of muscle activation, which is characteristic of polychaete locomotion (compare this to the head-to-tail wave of the lamprey). Each neuron of the CPG is modelled as a leaky integrator and is considered to encapsulate the effect of a whole popul ...
Investigating circadian rhythmicity in pain sensitivity using
... firing-rate model in which we describe the firing rate of the projection, inhibitory interneuron and excitatory interneuron populations in the dorsal horn circuit. The following sections define equations of time evolution for the firing rate of popula- ...
... firing-rate model in which we describe the firing rate of the projection, inhibitory interneuron and excitatory interneuron populations in the dorsal horn circuit. The following sections define equations of time evolution for the firing rate of popula- ...
Introduction - Bowling Green State University
... along the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits (Llinas 2001, Freeman 2001, 2003). These neurodynamic sequences express the organism impulse to act, and constitute the procedural structure around which complex and flexible activity generated in higher order structures develops. In our view, some of ...
... along the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits (Llinas 2001, Freeman 2001, 2003). These neurodynamic sequences express the organism impulse to act, and constitute the procedural structure around which complex and flexible activity generated in higher order structures develops. In our view, some of ...
Applauding with Closed Hands: Neural Signature of Action
... reports based on ERP [19] and Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) studies [20] have confirmed that action words denoting motor programs of different effectors activate specific motor processes in the brain, and this activation occurs early after stimulus presentation. Nevertheless, some criticisms have be ...
... reports based on ERP [19] and Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) studies [20] have confirmed that action words denoting motor programs of different effectors activate specific motor processes in the brain, and this activation occurs early after stimulus presentation. Nevertheless, some criticisms have be ...
Tactile orientation perception: an ideal observer analysis of human
... have elliptical RFs (Pruszynski and Johansson 2014; VegaBermudez and Johnson 1999) with aspect ratios that are similar, on average, to those of S1 cortical neurons (Sripati et al. 2006b). Elongated RFs, however, seem to be somewhat more prevalent in cortex than in the periphery. Sripati et al. (2006 ...
... have elliptical RFs (Pruszynski and Johansson 2014; VegaBermudez and Johnson 1999) with aspect ratios that are similar, on average, to those of S1 cortical neurons (Sripati et al. 2006b). Elongated RFs, however, seem to be somewhat more prevalent in cortex than in the periphery. Sripati et al. (2006 ...
Interactions Between the Lateral Hypothalamus and the
... stimulation of the LH and their response to pressure-injected neurotensin. It is concluded that an excitatory projection from the LH to PAG exists which may involve neurotensin. This pathway may be involved in the analgesia produced by LH stimulation. Since the original study by Reynolds (1969) ther ...
... stimulation of the LH and their response to pressure-injected neurotensin. It is concluded that an excitatory projection from the LH to PAG exists which may involve neurotensin. This pathway may be involved in the analgesia produced by LH stimulation. Since the original study by Reynolds (1969) ther ...
Plasticity of Sensory and Motor Maps in Adult Mammals
... experiments in the somatosensory system. Thus, "Are other sensory and motor systems capable of reorganization?" Recent experiments on the motor, visual and auditory systems suggest that the capacity to rcorganizc characterizes all central representations and maybe a general feature of brain tissue. ...
... experiments in the somatosensory system. Thus, "Are other sensory and motor systems capable of reorganization?" Recent experiments on the motor, visual and auditory systems suggest that the capacity to rcorganizc characterizes all central representations and maybe a general feature of brain tissue. ...
A Cortical Substrate for Memory
... FOF in anesthetized, head-fixed rats produced both eye and whisker motions and suggested it was an eye-head orientation cortex, homologous to the FEF. More recently, based on the whisker motions evoked by electrical stimulation of the FOF, the area has been studied as a whisker motor cortex (Brecht ...
... FOF in anesthetized, head-fixed rats produced both eye and whisker motions and suggested it was an eye-head orientation cortex, homologous to the FEF. More recently, based on the whisker motions evoked by electrical stimulation of the FOF, the area has been studied as a whisker motor cortex (Brecht ...