Circuits of emotion in the primate brain
... behaviors, e.g., feeding, reproduction, aggression. Many of these functions, especially those that involve species-specific “instinctive” behaviors coordinated by central pattern generators are redundant and overlapping with similar functions controlled by the brainstem. A unique contribution of the ...
... behaviors, e.g., feeding, reproduction, aggression. Many of these functions, especially those that involve species-specific “instinctive” behaviors coordinated by central pattern generators are redundant and overlapping with similar functions controlled by the brainstem. A unique contribution of the ...
Visual system
... • The anterior chamber is the space between the cornea and the iris. It is continuous, via the pupil, with the posterior chamber, which is the area between the iris and the lens. • The anterior and posterior chambers are filled with aqueous humor, a clear fluid that provides nourishment and immunoco ...
... • The anterior chamber is the space between the cornea and the iris. It is continuous, via the pupil, with the posterior chamber, which is the area between the iris and the lens. • The anterior and posterior chambers are filled with aqueous humor, a clear fluid that provides nourishment and immunoco ...
Bridging Areas of Injury in the Spinal Cord
... Laceration injuries or those that lead to cavitation in the spinal cord interrupt descending and ascending axons. Whereas loss of gray matter may be small, it is the interruption of fiber tracts that leads to devastating sequelae for the injured person. How can we bridge these interrupted areas with ...
... Laceration injuries or those that lead to cavitation in the spinal cord interrupt descending and ascending axons. Whereas loss of gray matter may be small, it is the interruption of fiber tracts that leads to devastating sequelae for the injured person. How can we bridge these interrupted areas with ...
Leech Heart CPG
... labeled HN and are indexed by body side and midbody ganglion number [e.g., HN(L,3)]. Phase (Φx) of an interneuron X with respect to the G4 oscillator interneuron was calculated, on a cycle by cycle basis, as the difference in the median spike times (∆tX-4) divided by the G4 cycle period (T4), and th ...
... labeled HN and are indexed by body side and midbody ganglion number [e.g., HN(L,3)]. Phase (Φx) of an interneuron X with respect to the G4 oscillator interneuron was calculated, on a cycle by cycle basis, as the difference in the median spike times (∆tX-4) divided by the G4 cycle period (T4), and th ...
Pearson SA, Mouihate A, Pittman QJ, Whelan PJ
... al., 2001). Fibers from the PVN arrive in the thoracic spinal cord before birth and in the lumbar spinal cord of the neonatal rat at postnatal day 2 (P2) (Leong et al., 1984; Kudo et al., 1993; Lakke, 1997). In principle, these peptides are ideally placed to influence spinal network activity. In the ...
... al., 2001). Fibers from the PVN arrive in the thoracic spinal cord before birth and in the lumbar spinal cord of the neonatal rat at postnatal day 2 (P2) (Leong et al., 1984; Kudo et al., 1993; Lakke, 1997). In principle, these peptides are ideally placed to influence spinal network activity. In the ...
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse
... In order to examine the cell-type parental allelic expression of Ube3a and to elucidate the cellular localization of the Ube3a gene product, E6-AP, we produced mice with a knock-in mutation fusing YFP to the C-terminus of E6-AP (Fig. 1A–C; targeted allele, Ube3a YFP; fusion protein, E6-AP:YFP). The ...
... In order to examine the cell-type parental allelic expression of Ube3a and to elucidate the cellular localization of the Ube3a gene product, E6-AP, we produced mice with a knock-in mutation fusing YFP to the C-terminus of E6-AP (Fig. 1A–C; targeted allele, Ube3a YFP; fusion protein, E6-AP:YFP). The ...
Individual olfactory sensory neurons project into more than one
... An essential step in the coding of odorants is the way olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) convey their information to the olfactory bulb. This projection determines how the specificities of OSNs are mapped onto the spatial activity patterns of the olfactory bulb (OB). Despite the fact that virtually no ...
... An essential step in the coding of odorants is the way olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) convey their information to the olfactory bulb. This projection determines how the specificities of OSNs are mapped onto the spatial activity patterns of the olfactory bulb (OB). Despite the fact that virtually no ...
Phosphorylated Tyr142 β-Catenin signaling in axon morphogenesis and centrosomal functions Deepshikha Bhardwaj
... the celebration. But I can never forgive you people for snatching the complete limelight from the bride-groom. The happy and joyful moments (especially Hugo’s sense of humour) shared by all of us during short tea/coffee sessions in bars will always be cherished. “A friend in need is a friend indeed” ...
... the celebration. But I can never forgive you people for snatching the complete limelight from the bride-groom. The happy and joyful moments (especially Hugo’s sense of humour) shared by all of us during short tea/coffee sessions in bars will always be cherished. “A friend in need is a friend indeed” ...
Evidence for a distributed hierarchy of action
... consider. A motor program could be played out like a computer algorithm or tape recording. Putative algorithms include feedforward control for sequences of movements such as typing or writing (Keele et al., 1995), action schema, and generalized programs (Schmidt, 1975; Schmidt & Lee, 1999). However, ...
... consider. A motor program could be played out like a computer algorithm or tape recording. Putative algorithms include feedforward control for sequences of movements such as typing or writing (Keele et al., 1995), action schema, and generalized programs (Schmidt, 1975; Schmidt & Lee, 1999). However, ...
BMC Neuroscience Serial pathways from primate prefrontal cortex to autonomic areas
... the same hypothalamic site, revealed by labeled projection neurons in its basal complex, and in the medial, central, and cortical nuclei (Fig. 2F). We confirmed these findings in another case by placing a retrograde tracer in the lateral hypothalamic area (Fig. 3C; Table 1, case AW). We mapped proje ...
... the same hypothalamic site, revealed by labeled projection neurons in its basal complex, and in the medial, central, and cortical nuclei (Fig. 2F). We confirmed these findings in another case by placing a retrograde tracer in the lateral hypothalamic area (Fig. 3C; Table 1, case AW). We mapped proje ...
Read Neuroglia
... neuroglia cells in the medical dictionary neuroglia cells explanation free what is neuroglia cells, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells t ...
... neuroglia cells in the medical dictionary neuroglia cells explanation free what is neuroglia cells, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells t ...
Citation As Published Publisher Version Accessed
... BG-forebrain circuits could utilize an internally computed reinforcement signal to direct song learning. Our model includes a number of general concepts borrowed from the mammalian BG literature, including a dopaminergic reward prediction error and dopamine mediated plasticity at corticostriatal syn ...
... BG-forebrain circuits could utilize an internally computed reinforcement signal to direct song learning. Our model includes a number of general concepts borrowed from the mammalian BG literature, including a dopaminergic reward prediction error and dopamine mediated plasticity at corticostriatal syn ...
Integration of Perspective and Disparity Cues in Surface
... Masato Taira. Integration of perspective and disparity cues in surface-orientation–selective neurons of area CIP. J Neurophysiol 86: 2856 –2867, 2001. We investigated the effects of linear perspective and binocular disparity, as monocular and binocular depth cues, respectively, on the response of su ...
... Masato Taira. Integration of perspective and disparity cues in surface-orientation–selective neurons of area CIP. J Neurophysiol 86: 2856 –2867, 2001. We investigated the effects of linear perspective and binocular disparity, as monocular and binocular depth cues, respectively, on the response of su ...
48-nervous text - Everglades High School
... 6 The interneurons inhibit motor neurons that supply the hamstring (flexor) muscle. This inhibition prevents the hamstring from contracting, which would resist the action of the quadriceps. ...
... 6 The interneurons inhibit motor neurons that supply the hamstring (flexor) muscle. This inhibition prevents the hamstring from contracting, which would resist the action of the quadriceps. ...
Zwicker Tone Illusion and Noise Reduction in the Auditory System
... ‘‘spectral gap’’ in the auditory-nerve activity. A common type of central tinnitus develops over days following peripheral hearing loss, and the perceived pitch of the illusionary pure tone often matches frequencies of the hearing loss— similar to the relation between a notchednoise stimulus and the ...
... ‘‘spectral gap’’ in the auditory-nerve activity. A common type of central tinnitus develops over days following peripheral hearing loss, and the perceived pitch of the illusionary pure tone often matches frequencies of the hearing loss— similar to the relation between a notchednoise stimulus and the ...
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... Additionally, I would not have kept my sanity if it weren’t for my great friends Dave Milstein and Mike Warfe. Your friendship and support made grad school manageable and fun. I will always look b ...
... Additionally, I would not have kept my sanity if it weren’t for my great friends Dave Milstein and Mike Warfe. Your friendship and support made grad school manageable and fun. I will always look b ...
The role of spiking nonlinearity in contrast gain control
... & Meister, 1997), and network interactions (Victor, 1987). It was also suggested that the active ionic channels inside the spiking generation (Kim & Rieke, 2001; Sanchez-Vives et al., 2000) might play an important role in controlling the changing of the transfer function. In order to clarify the con ...
... & Meister, 1997), and network interactions (Victor, 1987). It was also suggested that the active ionic channels inside the spiking generation (Kim & Rieke, 2001; Sanchez-Vives et al., 2000) might play an important role in controlling the changing of the transfer function. In order to clarify the con ...
vertebrate somite development and neural patterning
... Figure 1.1- Diagram showing the segmental arrangement of vertebrae with the imposition of the nervous system. ............................................................................. 3 Figure 1.2- Fate-map of the epiblast regions that will give rise to specific tissues. ........ 5 Figure 1.3- E ...
... Figure 1.1- Diagram showing the segmental arrangement of vertebrae with the imposition of the nervous system. ............................................................................. 3 Figure 1.2- Fate-map of the epiblast regions that will give rise to specific tissues. ........ 5 Figure 1.3- E ...
Representation of Number in Animals and Humans: A Neural Model
... strongly to) a specific number of objects. The critical properties of these number-selective neurons are the following. First, they act like filters over numerosity: Neurons that are most responsive to a particular numerosity x also react somewhat weaker to numerosities x 1 and x + 1, still somew ...
... strongly to) a specific number of objects. The critical properties of these number-selective neurons are the following. First, they act like filters over numerosity: Neurons that are most responsive to a particular numerosity x also react somewhat weaker to numerosities x 1 and x + 1, still somew ...
The Switch of Subthalamic Neurons From an Irregular to a Bursting
... ( 20°C). Subsequent histological location of the four marked sites and electrode track reconstruction were made on 25- m-thick cresyl violet-stained frontal sections. Data analysis. The three classical vigilance states described in the rat were discriminated on the basis of the cortical EEG and neck ...
... ( 20°C). Subsequent histological location of the four marked sites and electrode track reconstruction were made on 25- m-thick cresyl violet-stained frontal sections. Data analysis. The three classical vigilance states described in the rat were discriminated on the basis of the cortical EEG and neck ...
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NEURONAL
... experiments presented in this dissertation were performed by Philip Wang, and directed by Dr. Robert Wenthold. Dr. Stephan Brenowitz co-directed the experiments in Chapter 4 (abstract #1, below). In Seabold et al. (2008), Philip contributed to the design and performance of the experiments that resul ...
... experiments presented in this dissertation were performed by Philip Wang, and directed by Dr. Robert Wenthold. Dr. Stephan Brenowitz co-directed the experiments in Chapter 4 (abstract #1, below). In Seabold et al. (2008), Philip contributed to the design and performance of the experiments that resul ...
Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and
... If the CO2 tension in the brain tissue is increased in a selective manner, typical reactions of the cortical field potentials as well as of the membrane potential and the postsynaptic potentials of individual neurons are found. These findings are shown in a summarized schematic view in Fig. 2.14. Th ...
... If the CO2 tension in the brain tissue is increased in a selective manner, typical reactions of the cortical field potentials as well as of the membrane potential and the postsynaptic potentials of individual neurons are found. These findings are shown in a summarized schematic view in Fig. 2.14. Th ...
The Nervous System
... In motor neurons, the nerve impulse is generated at the junction of the axon hillock and axon (trigger zone) and conducted along the axon to the axon terminals which are the secretory regions of the neuron ...
... In motor neurons, the nerve impulse is generated at the junction of the axon hillock and axon (trigger zone) and conducted along the axon to the axon terminals which are the secretory regions of the neuron ...