Spinal Cord
... Cord contusion is the best response because there is gross traumatic injury to the spinal column with disruption of the C4-C5 ligamenta flava, interspinous ligaments, and posterior longitudinal ligament. There is fracture deformity of C5 vertebra consistent with a flexion teardrop fracture and fra ...
... Cord contusion is the best response because there is gross traumatic injury to the spinal column with disruption of the C4-C5 ligamenta flava, interspinous ligaments, and posterior longitudinal ligament. There is fracture deformity of C5 vertebra consistent with a flexion teardrop fracture and fra ...
Anatomical origins of the classical receptive field and modulatory
... of the visual field than can be identified on the basis of recording spikes. We confine our discussion here to suprathreshold measurements of RF size and properties, with the caveat that it is not yet known how the different types of inputs to a cortical neuron are integrated to produce suprathresho ...
... of the visual field than can be identified on the basis of recording spikes. We confine our discussion here to suprathreshold measurements of RF size and properties, with the caveat that it is not yet known how the different types of inputs to a cortical neuron are integrated to produce suprathresho ...
Nerve Fiber Classification Nerve fibers are classified according to:
... Neurons possess only the enzymes needed to make their own neurotransmitter ...
... Neurons possess only the enzymes needed to make their own neurotransmitter ...
Chapter 18
... b. 12 pairs of thoracic nerves represented as T1-T12 c. 5 pairs of lumbar nerves represented as L1-L5 d. 5 pairs of sacral nerves represented as S1-S5 e. 1 pair of coccygeal nerves (represented as Co1) vii. Each spinal nerve is attached to a spinal segment by two bundles of axons called roots: a. po ...
... b. 12 pairs of thoracic nerves represented as T1-T12 c. 5 pairs of lumbar nerves represented as L1-L5 d. 5 pairs of sacral nerves represented as S1-S5 e. 1 pair of coccygeal nerves (represented as Co1) vii. Each spinal nerve is attached to a spinal segment by two bundles of axons called roots: a. po ...
The Nervous System
... 2. relays sensory impulse to cerebral cortex sensory areas 3. in some way produces the emotions of pleasantness or unpleasantness associated with sensations cerebellum i. second largest part of the human brain ii. helps control muscle contractions to produce coordinated movement so that we can maint ...
... 2. relays sensory impulse to cerebral cortex sensory areas 3. in some way produces the emotions of pleasantness or unpleasantness associated with sensations cerebellum i. second largest part of the human brain ii. helps control muscle contractions to produce coordinated movement so that we can maint ...
By the `primary organizer`
... Terms (definitions) for Establishment of cells and tissues (here use lens cells as an example) • Competence, wherein cells can become lens precursors if they are exposed to the appropriate combination of signals. • Specification, wherein cells have received the appropriate signals to become lens pr ...
... Terms (definitions) for Establishment of cells and tissues (here use lens cells as an example) • Competence, wherein cells can become lens precursors if they are exposed to the appropriate combination of signals. • Specification, wherein cells have received the appropriate signals to become lens pr ...
Chapter 36 Locomotion
... important early observation was that passive movement of a limb by the experimenter could initiate stepping movements in spinal cats and dogs, suggesting that proprioceptive reflexes are crucial in regulating the movements. Finally, in 1911 Thomas Graham Brown discovered that rhythmic, alternating c ...
... important early observation was that passive movement of a limb by the experimenter could initiate stepping movements in spinal cats and dogs, suggesting that proprioceptive reflexes are crucial in regulating the movements. Finally, in 1911 Thomas Graham Brown discovered that rhythmic, alternating c ...
decision-making in the primate brain
... first stage of the experiment, a subject learns that stimulus A is paired with a reward while stimulus B is not. Once this is learned, the same stimuli are subsequently paired with two novel stimuli (X and Y), and, in this second stage of the experiment, the joint stimuli AX and BY are both paired wi ...
... first stage of the experiment, a subject learns that stimulus A is paired with a reward while stimulus B is not. Once this is learned, the same stimuli are subsequently paired with two novel stimuli (X and Y), and, in this second stage of the experiment, the joint stimuli AX and BY are both paired wi ...
Cortical projections to the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal
... project to the dorsal cap of the inferior olive (e.g., Hoffmann and Schoppmann, 1975; Hoffmann et al., 1988); jerk neurons that respond to saccade-like stimulus movement (e.g., Ballas and Hoffmann, 1985) and project to the lateralis posterior nucleus of the thalamus (Sudkamp and Schmidt, 1995); and ...
... project to the dorsal cap of the inferior olive (e.g., Hoffmann and Schoppmann, 1975; Hoffmann et al., 1988); jerk neurons that respond to saccade-like stimulus movement (e.g., Ballas and Hoffmann, 1985) and project to the lateralis posterior nucleus of the thalamus (Sudkamp and Schmidt, 1995); and ...
Document
... 4.1. The distributions of degenerated axon terminals and WGA-HRP-labeled cells in the Sg In AChE-stained sections, the label found in the Sg was expressed unevenly, as shown in Fig. 3A; it exhibited a patchy profile featuring both darkly and lightly stained portions (Graybiel and Berson, 1980; Hoshin ...
... 4.1. The distributions of degenerated axon terminals and WGA-HRP-labeled cells in the Sg In AChE-stained sections, the label found in the Sg was expressed unevenly, as shown in Fig. 3A; it exhibited a patchy profile featuring both darkly and lightly stained portions (Graybiel and Berson, 1980; Hoshin ...
ppt
... After an action potential occurs, the membrane cannot be stimulated to undergo another action potential. This brief period of time (usually a few milliseconds) is called the refractory period of the membrane. The events that occur in an action potential continue down the length of the axon unt ...
... After an action potential occurs, the membrane cannot be stimulated to undergo another action potential. This brief period of time (usually a few milliseconds) is called the refractory period of the membrane. The events that occur in an action potential continue down the length of the axon unt ...
Distinct core thalamocortical pathways to central and dorsal primary
... organization, and yet sound frequency, level and binaural sensitivities vary systematically along its dorso-ventral or “isofrequency” axis (Ehret and Schreiner, 1997; Mendelson et al., 1993; Middlebrooks and Zook, 1983; Nakamoto et al., 2004; Phillips et al., 1994; Read et al., 2001; Schreiner and M ...
... organization, and yet sound frequency, level and binaural sensitivities vary systematically along its dorso-ventral or “isofrequency” axis (Ehret and Schreiner, 1997; Mendelson et al., 1993; Middlebrooks and Zook, 1983; Nakamoto et al., 2004; Phillips et al., 1994; Read et al., 2001; Schreiner and M ...
from discrete neuronal ensembles to serial order
... In summary, it appears that the cortex can serve the function of merging multimodal information. This multimodal merging of information is not done by direct links between primary areas, but necessitates intermediate neuronal steps. The intervening neurons between sensory and motor neurons in the co ...
... In summary, it appears that the cortex can serve the function of merging multimodal information. This multimodal merging of information is not done by direct links between primary areas, but necessitates intermediate neuronal steps. The intervening neurons between sensory and motor neurons in the co ...
Biological constraints limit the use of rapamycin
... Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NRB 5109D, CB #7545, 115 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA ...
... Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NRB 5109D, CB #7545, 115 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA ...
Review - University of Washington
... generation of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm during the process of gastrulation (Figure 1A). In the mouse, the beginning of gastrulation is marked by the formation of a transient structure known as the primitive streak (PS) in the region of the epiblast that will ult ...
... generation of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm during the process of gastrulation (Figure 1A). In the mouse, the beginning of gastrulation is marked by the formation of a transient structure known as the primitive streak (PS) in the region of the epiblast that will ult ...
Chapter 48 PowerPoint 2016 - Spring
... Concept 48.1: Neuron organization and structure reflect function in information transfer • Nervous systems process information in 3 stages: sensory input, integration, and motor output – Sensors detect external stimuli and internal conditions and transmit information along sensory neurons – Sensory ...
... Concept 48.1: Neuron organization and structure reflect function in information transfer • Nervous systems process information in 3 stages: sensory input, integration, and motor output – Sensors detect external stimuli and internal conditions and transmit information along sensory neurons – Sensory ...
Document
... 1.1. Background In this paper we investigate the effects of cluttered environments on the performance of a model of transform (e.g. position, size and view) invariant object recognition in the visual system (VisNet) proposed by Rolls (1992, 1994, 1995, 2000) that employs learning rules that utilise ...
... 1.1. Background In this paper we investigate the effects of cluttered environments on the performance of a model of transform (e.g. position, size and view) invariant object recognition in the visual system (VisNet) proposed by Rolls (1992, 1994, 1995, 2000) that employs learning rules that utilise ...
Radial glial cells as neuronal precursors
... rodent radial glial cells do not contain detectable protein levels of GFAP (Sancho-Tello et al., 1995), radial glial cells in the spinal cord have been reported to contain the astrocyte-specific glutamate transporter GLAST, another molecule later restricted to astrocytes (Shibata et al., 1997; Ullen ...
... rodent radial glial cells do not contain detectable protein levels of GFAP (Sancho-Tello et al., 1995), radial glial cells in the spinal cord have been reported to contain the astrocyte-specific glutamate transporter GLAST, another molecule later restricted to astrocytes (Shibata et al., 1997; Ullen ...
lec12-dec11
... Every boolean function can be represented by network with single hidden layer But might require exponential (in number of inputs) hidden ...
... Every boolean function can be represented by network with single hidden layer But might require exponential (in number of inputs) hidden ...
Race modulates neural activity during imitation
... were overall greater for own-race individuals, consistent with prior race perception studies not involving imitation. Our findings represent a first step in elucidating neural mechanisms involved in cultural learning, a process that influences almost every aspect of our lives but has thus far received ...
... were overall greater for own-race individuals, consistent with prior race perception studies not involving imitation. Our findings represent a first step in elucidating neural mechanisms involved in cultural learning, a process that influences almost every aspect of our lives but has thus far received ...
Centrosome Motility Is Essential for Initial Axon Formation in the Neocortex
... axon formation. We further show that downregulation of the centrosomal protein Cep120 impairs microtubule organization, resulting in increased centrosome motility. Decreased centrosome motility resulting from microtubule stabilization causes an aberrant centrosomal localization, leading to misplaced ...
... axon formation. We further show that downregulation of the centrosomal protein Cep120 impairs microtubule organization, resulting in increased centrosome motility. Decreased centrosome motility resulting from microtubule stabilization causes an aberrant centrosomal localization, leading to misplaced ...
Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior
... FIGURE 2.20 A circle is flashed to the left brain of a split-brain patient, and he is asked what he saw. He easily replies, “A circle.” He can also pick out the circle by merely touching shapes with his right hand, out of sight behind a screen. However, his left hand can’t identify the circle. If a ...
... FIGURE 2.20 A circle is flashed to the left brain of a split-brain patient, and he is asked what he saw. He easily replies, “A circle.” He can also pick out the circle by merely touching shapes with his right hand, out of sight behind a screen. However, his left hand can’t identify the circle. If a ...
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a
... techniques we have never been closer to a means for generating new nuggets of speculation on this question. Furthermore, one aspect of the scyphozoan/hydrozoan swim-control dichotomy is a critical element of this speculation, and represents a classical example of how these new techniques hold the po ...
... techniques we have never been closer to a means for generating new nuggets of speculation on this question. Furthermore, one aspect of the scyphozoan/hydrozoan swim-control dichotomy is a critical element of this speculation, and represents a classical example of how these new techniques hold the po ...
R eelin is expressed in the accessory olfactory system, but is not a
... that Reelin affects neuronal migration outside of the brain. Their data show that during development migration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons is dependent on Reelin signaling. In both of these cases Reelin protein is recognized adjacent to the migrating neurons or fibers, yet they do not overl ...
... that Reelin affects neuronal migration outside of the brain. Their data show that during development migration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons is dependent on Reelin signaling. In both of these cases Reelin protein is recognized adjacent to the migrating neurons or fibers, yet they do not overl ...
Functional differences between dorsal and ventral hippocampus
... al., 1997). Conversely, after dorsal hippocampal lesions an impairment of spatial task performance is observed, not affected by ventral damage (Moser et al., 1993). Recent evidence supports a functional double dissociation between dorsal and ventral hippocampus related with different behaviors invol ...
... al., 1997). Conversely, after dorsal hippocampal lesions an impairment of spatial task performance is observed, not affected by ventral damage (Moser et al., 1993). Recent evidence supports a functional double dissociation between dorsal and ventral hippocampus related with different behaviors invol ...