Functional differences between dorsal and ventral hippocampus
... al., 1997). Conversely, after dorsal hippocampal lesions an impairment of spatial task performance is observed, not affected by ventral damage (Moser et al., 1993). Recent evidence supports a functional double dissociation between dorsal and ventral hippocampus related with different behaviors invol ...
... al., 1997). Conversely, after dorsal hippocampal lesions an impairment of spatial task performance is observed, not affected by ventral damage (Moser et al., 1993). Recent evidence supports a functional double dissociation between dorsal and ventral hippocampus related with different behaviors invol ...
Embryological evidence for a possible
... related to the double-layered nature of the blastocoelic wall, in contrast to the essentially single-layered nature of the urodelan blastula wall. In the anuran blastula the outer, unicellular layer gives rise to the ectodermal epithelial layer of the epidermis and the ependymal layer of the central ...
... related to the double-layered nature of the blastocoelic wall, in contrast to the essentially single-layered nature of the urodelan blastula wall. In the anuran blastula the outer, unicellular layer gives rise to the ectodermal epithelial layer of the epidermis and the ependymal layer of the central ...
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... extreme difficulty in manipulating objects without visual guidance. These lesions also cause loss of muscle coordination and severe disturbances of locomotion because of ...
... extreme difficulty in manipulating objects without visual guidance. These lesions also cause loss of muscle coordination and severe disturbances of locomotion because of ...
Two Types of Neurons in the Primate Globus
... events were updated every 5 ms, and visual stimuli were presented on a 24-inch cathode-ray tube monitor (GDM-FW900; Sony, Tokyo; refresh rate: 60 Hz) that was located 38 cm away from the eyes, and subtended visual angle of 64 × 44°. A 0.5° square spot served as a visual stimulus. Targets of differen ...
... events were updated every 5 ms, and visual stimuli were presented on a 24-inch cathode-ray tube monitor (GDM-FW900; Sony, Tokyo; refresh rate: 60 Hz) that was located 38 cm away from the eyes, and subtended visual angle of 64 × 44°. A 0.5° square spot served as a visual stimulus. Targets of differen ...
Alterations of the Giant Pyramidal Neurons (Betz Cells) in
... partial explanation for the impaired long-term potentiation that is seen in the diabetic hippocampus, because induction and maintenance of potentiation are dependent on NOS activity and experimental inhibition of NOS decreases long-term potentiation and impairs cognitive learning and memory (Hölsche ...
... partial explanation for the impaired long-term potentiation that is seen in the diabetic hippocampus, because induction and maintenance of potentiation are dependent on NOS activity and experimental inhibition of NOS decreases long-term potentiation and impairs cognitive learning and memory (Hölsche ...
Regulation of Neuroblast Cell-Cycle Kinetics Plays a Crucial Role in
... to ensure optimal blackening levels, which minimizes the problem of f used grains (Dörmer, 1967; Rogers, 1967; Dörmer and Brinkmann, 1968; Dörmer and Möller, 1968; Sidman, 1970). This is illustrated for individual neurons in different layers of parietal area 3 after injection on E14.5 (Fig. 1). ...
... to ensure optimal blackening levels, which minimizes the problem of f used grains (Dörmer, 1967; Rogers, 1967; Dörmer and Brinkmann, 1968; Dörmer and Möller, 1968; Sidman, 1970). This is illustrated for individual neurons in different layers of parietal area 3 after injection on E14.5 (Fig. 1). ...
Dorsal Column Nuclei Neurons Recorded in a Brain Stem–Spinal
... preparation: characteristics and their responses to dorsal root stimulation. J Neurophysiol 84: 1361–1368, 2000. Recordings were obtained from dorsal column nucleus (DCN) neurons in a neonatal rat brain stem—spinal cord preparation to study their basic electrophysiological properties and responses t ...
... preparation: characteristics and their responses to dorsal root stimulation. J Neurophysiol 84: 1361–1368, 2000. Recordings were obtained from dorsal column nucleus (DCN) neurons in a neonatal rat brain stem—spinal cord preparation to study their basic electrophysiological properties and responses t ...
Neuronal correlates of decision
... When forming a decision based on sensory information, where and how in the brain do the neuronal responses that encode the sensory stimuli translate into responses that encode the decision? We investigated this question using a vibrotactile sequential discrimination task (Fig. 1). In this two-altern ...
... When forming a decision based on sensory information, where and how in the brain do the neuronal responses that encode the sensory stimuli translate into responses that encode the decision? We investigated this question using a vibrotactile sequential discrimination task (Fig. 1). In this two-altern ...
The “Conscious” Dorsal Stream - Università degli Studi di Parma
... described in object-centered coordinates. The pragmatic mode indicates the type of processing that stimuli have to undergo for action organization. Although the distinction between a semantic and a pragmatic system proposed by Jeannerod appears to be more cautious than that of Milner and Goodale, th ...
... described in object-centered coordinates. The pragmatic mode indicates the type of processing that stimuli have to undergo for action organization. Although the distinction between a semantic and a pragmatic system proposed by Jeannerod appears to be more cautious than that of Milner and Goodale, th ...
The Role of Dorsal Columns Pathway in Visceral Pain
... spinal neurons to visceral stimuli are under strong descending facilitatory control (Cervero and Wolstencroft 1984, Tattersall et al. 1986, Zhuo and Gebhart 2002). Based on this evidence we have suggested that the DC pathway can be an ascending part of an amplification loop that, when activated, can ...
... spinal neurons to visceral stimuli are under strong descending facilitatory control (Cervero and Wolstencroft 1984, Tattersall et al. 1986, Zhuo and Gebhart 2002). Based on this evidence we have suggested that the DC pathway can be an ascending part of an amplification loop that, when activated, can ...
“Conscious” Dorsal Stream
... described in object-centered coordinates. The pragmatic mode indicates the type of processing that stimuli have to undergo for action organization. Although the distinction between a semantic and a pragmatic system proposed by Jeannerod appears to be more cautious than that of Milner and Goodale, th ...
... described in object-centered coordinates. The pragmatic mode indicates the type of processing that stimuli have to undergo for action organization. Although the distinction between a semantic and a pragmatic system proposed by Jeannerod appears to be more cautious than that of Milner and Goodale, th ...
Projections From the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus to the Dorsal
... cells exhibit characteristically smooth, round-to-oval somata of 6–8 µm in diameter, and give rise to two to four primary dendrites of varying lengths and branching frequency. Each dendritic branch ends in a distinctive claw-like structure, but the claw can vary in form from a relatively simple thre ...
... cells exhibit characteristically smooth, round-to-oval somata of 6–8 µm in diameter, and give rise to two to four primary dendrites of varying lengths and branching frequency. Each dendritic branch ends in a distinctive claw-like structure, but the claw can vary in form from a relatively simple thre ...
Cells of the Nervous System
... A receptor molecule in the postsynaptic membrane of a synapse that contains a binding site for a neurotransmitter. neurotransmitter-dependent ion channel An ion channel that opens when a molecule of a neurotransmitter binds with a postsynaptic receptor. ionotropic receptor (eye on oh trow pik) A rec ...
... A receptor molecule in the postsynaptic membrane of a synapse that contains a binding site for a neurotransmitter. neurotransmitter-dependent ion channel An ion channel that opens when a molecule of a neurotransmitter binds with a postsynaptic receptor. ionotropic receptor (eye on oh trow pik) A rec ...
In a galaxy not too far away - Utrecht University Repository
... evidence that strongly suggest that place cells and other spatially sensitive cells represent memory traces. Hippocampal memory system and spatially sensitive neurons A long tradition of research on hippocampal involvement in episodic memory combined with the discovery of place cells led to the sugg ...
... evidence that strongly suggest that place cells and other spatially sensitive cells represent memory traces. Hippocampal memory system and spatially sensitive neurons A long tradition of research on hippocampal involvement in episodic memory combined with the discovery of place cells led to the sugg ...
Cholinergic induction of network oscillations at 40 Hz in the
... Acetylcholine is vital for cognitive functions of the brain. Although its actions in the individual cell are known in some detail1, its effects at the network level are poorly understood2. The hippocampus, which receives a major cholinergic input from the medial septum/diagonal band3, is important i ...
... Acetylcholine is vital for cognitive functions of the brain. Although its actions in the individual cell are known in some detail1, its effects at the network level are poorly understood2. The hippocampus, which receives a major cholinergic input from the medial septum/diagonal band3, is important i ...
Chapter 10 - Brands Delmar
... The Spinal Nerves (cont’d.) • Named and numbered according to region and level of spinal cord – Cervical: 8 pairs – Thoracic: 12 pairs – Lumbar: 5 pairs – Sacral: 5 pairs – Coccygeal: 1 pair ...
... The Spinal Nerves (cont’d.) • Named and numbered according to region and level of spinal cord – Cervical: 8 pairs – Thoracic: 12 pairs – Lumbar: 5 pairs – Sacral: 5 pairs – Coccygeal: 1 pair ...
Supplement to: Modulation of Intracortical Synaptic Potentials by
... distinct types: graded and action potential dependent. Graded transmission does not require the generation of action potentials, but rather operates through tonic synaptic vesicle release, the rate of which is modified by changes in the membrane potential of the presynaptic terminal (for review see5 ...
... distinct types: graded and action potential dependent. Graded transmission does not require the generation of action potentials, but rather operates through tonic synaptic vesicle release, the rate of which is modified by changes in the membrane potential of the presynaptic terminal (for review see5 ...
Nothing can be coincidence: synaptic inhibition and plasticity in the
... 10–100 action potentials per second even without synaptic input. This high basal activity correlates with information-coding mechanisms that differ from those of cells that are quiescent until excited synaptically. For example, in the deep cerebellar nuclei, Hebbian patterns of coincident synaptic e ...
... 10–100 action potentials per second even without synaptic input. This high basal activity correlates with information-coding mechanisms that differ from those of cells that are quiescent until excited synaptically. For example, in the deep cerebellar nuclei, Hebbian patterns of coincident synaptic e ...
Pathophysiology of Paresthesia
... sensitization and hyperalgesia via distinct and overlapping synaptic mechanisms in superficial dorsal horn neurons either by increasing excitatory synaptic transmission or by decreasing inhibitory synaptic transmission. PICs may further induce long-term synaptic plasticity through cAMP response elem ...
... sensitization and hyperalgesia via distinct and overlapping synaptic mechanisms in superficial dorsal horn neurons either by increasing excitatory synaptic transmission or by decreasing inhibitory synaptic transmission. PICs may further induce long-term synaptic plasticity through cAMP response elem ...
Supplement: Modulation of Intracortical Synaptic Potentials by
... distinct types: graded and action potential dependent. Graded transmission does not require the generation of action potentials, but rather operates through tonic synaptic vesicle release, the rate of which is modified by changes in the membrane potential of the presynaptic terminal (for review see5 ...
... distinct types: graded and action potential dependent. Graded transmission does not require the generation of action potentials, but rather operates through tonic synaptic vesicle release, the rate of which is modified by changes in the membrane potential of the presynaptic terminal (for review see5 ...
Neurophysiology/sensory physiology Lect. Dr. Zahid M. kadhim
... example of the latter is the painful sensation from a warm shower when the skin is damaged by sunburn. hyperalgesia and allodynia might be caused by 1- release chemical mediators like K+, bradykinin and substance p from injured cells leading to sensitization of the pain receptors. 2- In addition to ...
... example of the latter is the painful sensation from a warm shower when the skin is damaged by sunburn. hyperalgesia and allodynia might be caused by 1- release chemical mediators like K+, bradykinin and substance p from injured cells leading to sensitization of the pain receptors. 2- In addition to ...
Interactions between Segmental Homologs and between
... Animnls. Hirudo medicinalis embryos were obtained from our laboratory colony, maintained at 23°C. We used the same criteria to stage embryos as described earlier by Fernandez and Stent (1982). Cell ablations. Cell kills were carried out as in Gao (1989). Embryos were anesthetized with 9% ethanol in ...
... Animnls. Hirudo medicinalis embryos were obtained from our laboratory colony, maintained at 23°C. We used the same criteria to stage embryos as described earlier by Fernandez and Stent (1982). Cell ablations. Cell kills were carried out as in Gao (1989). Embryos were anesthetized with 9% ethanol in ...
Life and Death of Neurons in the Aging Brain
... and thereby playing a crucial role in memory (9, 10) (Fig. 1). This circuit is invariably devastated by extensive NF T formation in AD, even at the earliest stages of the disease (11). The layer II neurons of the EC are rich in neurofilament protein in the healthy state, but even after normal aging, ...
... and thereby playing a crucial role in memory (9, 10) (Fig. 1). This circuit is invariably devastated by extensive NF T formation in AD, even at the earliest stages of the disease (11). The layer II neurons of the EC are rich in neurofilament protein in the healthy state, but even after normal aging, ...
2016 prephd course work study material on development of BPN
... recognition successes of the Twentieth Century. It certainly sounds more exciting than a technical description such as “A network of weighted, additive values with nonlinear transfer functions”. However, despite the name, neural networks are far from “thinking machines” or “artificial brains”. A typ ...
... recognition successes of the Twentieth Century. It certainly sounds more exciting than a technical description such as “A network of weighted, additive values with nonlinear transfer functions”. However, despite the name, neural networks are far from “thinking machines” or “artificial brains”. A typ ...
The Neural Architecture Underlying Habit Learning: An Evolving
... When I began to study the brain, as a student in the late 1960's, there was enormous excitement about work on the neocortex. Surely this was the organ of thought and creativity, the organ underlying our ability to see and hear and feel, our ability to act deliberatively, to do mathematics. And, buil ...
... When I began to study the brain, as a student in the late 1960's, there was enormous excitement about work on the neocortex. Surely this was the organ of thought and creativity, the organ underlying our ability to see and hear and feel, our ability to act deliberatively, to do mathematics. And, buil ...