UShape Representation in the Inferior Temporal Cortex of MonkeysU
... object's familiar views. A view is considered as a vector, the elements of which can be any image features, including non-geometrical ones, such as color or texture. In the simplest case, one hidden-layer unit is assumed to store each familiar view. When the network is presented with a novel view, e ...
... object's familiar views. A view is considered as a vector, the elements of which can be any image features, including non-geometrical ones, such as color or texture. In the simplest case, one hidden-layer unit is assumed to store each familiar view. When the network is presented with a novel view, e ...
Control of neuronal cell fate and number by
... During nervous system development, progenitor cells often divide asymmetrically, renewing themselves and budding off daughter cells that typically have a more limited mitotic potential. The daughter cell may in turn display three alternative behaviors: directly differentiating into a neuron or glia; ...
... During nervous system development, progenitor cells often divide asymmetrically, renewing themselves and budding off daughter cells that typically have a more limited mitotic potential. The daughter cell may in turn display three alternative behaviors: directly differentiating into a neuron or glia; ...
Neuron-Binding Human Monoclonal Antibodies Support Central
... CNS mouse myelin on granule cell neurite extension. Neither mAb bound to the surface of mature oligodendrocytes or strictly colocalized with myelin proteins. Sialidase treatment eliminated the neuronal surface binding of both mAbs, whereas blocking sphingolipid synthesis with Fumonisin B1 or removin ...
... CNS mouse myelin on granule cell neurite extension. Neither mAb bound to the surface of mature oligodendrocytes or strictly colocalized with myelin proteins. Sialidase treatment eliminated the neuronal surface binding of both mAbs, whereas blocking sphingolipid synthesis with Fumonisin B1 or removin ...
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... We propose that glial cells provide the initial stop signal promoting growth cone termination in the lamina. These findings uncover a novel function for neuron– glial interactions in regulating target specificity. Introduction Growth cones at the leading edge of axons navigate through a complex envi ...
... We propose that glial cells provide the initial stop signal promoting growth cone termination in the lamina. These findings uncover a novel function for neuron– glial interactions in regulating target specificity. Introduction Growth cones at the leading edge of axons navigate through a complex envi ...
The Basal Ganglia and Chunking of Action Repertoires
... Why should this form of remapping promote an S–R learning function for the striatum (basal ganglia) rather than an S–S or context learning function (thought to be the specialty of the hippocampal/medial temporal system) (Eichenbaum, 1995)? At the systems level, one answer is that the outputs of the ...
... Why should this form of remapping promote an S–R learning function for the striatum (basal ganglia) rather than an S–S or context learning function (thought to be the specialty of the hippocampal/medial temporal system) (Eichenbaum, 1995)? At the systems level, one answer is that the outputs of the ...
Properties of Primary Sensory (Lemniscal) Synapses in the
... response and compared it with the corticothalamic response. Figure 1C illustrates the effect of a pair of stimuli delivered to the medial lemniscus and to the thalamic radiation to activate corticothalamic fibers onto the same cell. The lemniscal response shows paired-pulse depression while the cort ...
... response and compared it with the corticothalamic response. Figure 1C illustrates the effect of a pair of stimuli delivered to the medial lemniscus and to the thalamic radiation to activate corticothalamic fibers onto the same cell. The lemniscal response shows paired-pulse depression while the cort ...
Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Rat Parabrachial Region: Ultrastructural
... axons with TH-I were found within groups of other labeled and unlabeled axons and terminals (Figs. 2C, 4A, 5c). At least 2 types of TH-I terminals were morphologically distinguishable. These 2 types are described separately as they appear in micrographs of single sections; however, they may represen ...
... axons with TH-I were found within groups of other labeled and unlabeled axons and terminals (Figs. 2C, 4A, 5c). At least 2 types of TH-I terminals were morphologically distinguishable. These 2 types are described separately as they appear in micrographs of single sections; however, they may represen ...
Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation Polymicrogyria
... completed between 24 and 40 weeks of gestation. Neurons, which will form the cortex, migrate along radial glia to their final destination. The radial cells are initially pseudostratified bipolar immature cells originating from primitive neuroepithelium. The processes of the radial glia, glial fibril ...
... completed between 24 and 40 weeks of gestation. Neurons, which will form the cortex, migrate along radial glia to their final destination. The radial cells are initially pseudostratified bipolar immature cells originating from primitive neuroepithelium. The processes of the radial glia, glial fibril ...
Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... In contrast, in the ventral auditory pathway, the computational mechanisms that lead from the coding of the sensory features of an auditory stimulus to higher-order representations are relatively unknown. In particular, it is not known how (or even whether) information is transformed between areas o ...
... In contrast, in the ventral auditory pathway, the computational mechanisms that lead from the coding of the sensory features of an auditory stimulus to higher-order representations are relatively unknown. In particular, it is not known how (or even whether) information is transformed between areas o ...
Signals and circuits in the Purkinje neuron NEURAL CIRCUITS Ze’ev R. Abrams
... Purkinje neurons (PN) in the cerebellum have over 100,000 inputs organized in an orthogonal geometry, and a single output channel. As the sole output of the cerebellar cortex layer, their complex firing pattern has been associated with motor control and learning. As such they have been extensively mo ...
... Purkinje neurons (PN) in the cerebellum have over 100,000 inputs organized in an orthogonal geometry, and a single output channel. As the sole output of the cerebellar cortex layer, their complex firing pattern has been associated with motor control and learning. As such they have been extensively mo ...
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... provides information on the occurrence of primary rewards. During acquisition, striatal striosomal neurons learn to fire in bursts when stimuli predicting future primary reinforcement occur, through DA-dependent strengthening of corticostriatal synapses. After learning, the presentation of a reward- ...
... provides information on the occurrence of primary rewards. During acquisition, striatal striosomal neurons learn to fire in bursts when stimuli predicting future primary reinforcement occur, through DA-dependent strengthening of corticostriatal synapses. After learning, the presentation of a reward- ...
Neurotransmitter Profile of Saccadic Omnipause Neurons in
... eye muscle motoneurons and results in a saccade. In current models the superior colliculus (SC) is thought to exert a strong control over the trigger for saccade gcncration. In addition to a monosynaptic excitatory input to OPNs (Raybourn and Keller, 1977; BtittnerEnncver et al., 1988) the SC must a ...
... eye muscle motoneurons and results in a saccade. In current models the superior colliculus (SC) is thought to exert a strong control over the trigger for saccade gcncration. In addition to a monosynaptic excitatory input to OPNs (Raybourn and Keller, 1977; BtittnerEnncver et al., 1988) the SC must a ...
Dopamine – CNS Pathways and Neurophysiology
... The firing rates of DA neurons fall into a fairly limited range, usually 2–8 Hz, which consequently might limit the flexibility of DA neurons to release differential amounts of DA in terminal regions. However, this is overcome by a change in firing pattern from singlespike firing to burst firing. Bu ...
... The firing rates of DA neurons fall into a fairly limited range, usually 2–8 Hz, which consequently might limit the flexibility of DA neurons to release differential amounts of DA in terminal regions. However, this is overcome by a change in firing pattern from singlespike firing to burst firing. Bu ...
olfaction and limbic system
... Smells are surer than sounds and sights to make your heart-strings crack. - Rudyard Kipling ...
... Smells are surer than sounds and sights to make your heart-strings crack. - Rudyard Kipling ...
Paper: Neural substrates for expectation
... This training regimen produced a reduction in the ability of a predicted UCS to support further fear conditioning Following conditioning, amygdala and PAG neurons responded more robustly to shocks when they were presented unexpectedly than when they were signaled by the predictive CSa Finally, pharm ...
... This training regimen produced a reduction in the ability of a predicted UCS to support further fear conditioning Following conditioning, amygdala and PAG neurons responded more robustly to shocks when they were presented unexpectedly than when they were signaled by the predictive CSa Finally, pharm ...
Diversity and wiring variability of visual local neurons in the
... the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate (Morante and Desplan, 2004). Starting with the compound eye, visual signals are transmitted through a twodimensional array of modular longitudinal structures called cartridges in the lamina and columns in the other three neuropils, which retains the spat ...
... the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate (Morante and Desplan, 2004). Starting with the compound eye, visual signals are transmitted through a twodimensional array of modular longitudinal structures called cartridges in the lamina and columns in the other three neuropils, which retains the spat ...
Regulation of ADMP and BMP2/4/7 at Opposite Embryonic Poles
... Xenopus ADMP promotes ventral development, and this is achieved, as is the case for other BMPs, through the phosphorylation of the transcription factor Smad1 (Figure 2F) without affecting the Smad2, Erk, or b-catenin pathways (Figure S4). Chordin protein injection blocked ADMPinduced Smad1 phosphory ...
... Xenopus ADMP promotes ventral development, and this is achieved, as is the case for other BMPs, through the phosphorylation of the transcription factor Smad1 (Figure 2F) without affecting the Smad2, Erk, or b-catenin pathways (Figure S4). Chordin protein injection blocked ADMPinduced Smad1 phosphory ...
NeuroMem Decision Space Mapping
... modeling the decision space. The outcome can have three possible classification status: Identified with certainty, Identified with uncertainty, Unknown. As a result, the RCE/RBF classifier is very powerful since it allows managing uncertainty for a better, more refined diagnostic. It is also especia ...
... modeling the decision space. The outcome can have three possible classification status: Identified with certainty, Identified with uncertainty, Unknown. As a result, the RCE/RBF classifier is very powerful since it allows managing uncertainty for a better, more refined diagnostic. It is also especia ...
Axonal Localization of Integrins in the CNS Is Neuronal Type and
... they are present in the axon at the site of damage. In the current study, we have asked whether integrins are transported into sensory axons including DRG and retinal ganglia neurons (RGCs), and into several types of adult neurons including adult cortical neurons, rubrospinal neurons, and we also ev ...
... they are present in the axon at the site of damage. In the current study, we have asked whether integrins are transported into sensory axons including DRG and retinal ganglia neurons (RGCs), and into several types of adult neurons including adult cortical neurons, rubrospinal neurons, and we also ev ...
Auditory Nerve Stochasticity Impedes Category Learning: the Role
... Fig 1. Schematic representation of the full AN-CN-IC-A1 (A), the reduced AN-A1 (B) and the simple four-stage (C) models of the auditory brain. Blue circles represent excitatory (E) and red circles represent inhibitory (I) neurons. The connectivity within each stage of the models is demonstrated usin ...
... Fig 1. Schematic representation of the full AN-CN-IC-A1 (A), the reduced AN-A1 (B) and the simple four-stage (C) models of the auditory brain. Blue circles represent excitatory (E) and red circles represent inhibitory (I) neurons. The connectivity within each stage of the models is demonstrated usin ...
Synaptic function: Dendritic democracy
... conclusive anatomical evidence that the structure of presynaptic boutons onto CA1 neurons differs with dendritic distance, and the number of vesicles released per action potential is extremely difficult to measure directly. The next possibility is that the density or properties of the postsynaptic r ...
... conclusive anatomical evidence that the structure of presynaptic boutons onto CA1 neurons differs with dendritic distance, and the number of vesicles released per action potential is extremely difficult to measure directly. The next possibility is that the density or properties of the postsynaptic r ...
Hypothalamus and Limbic System
... Temperature regulation is an excellent example of a servo-control mechanism operating in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is sensitive both to hypothalamic and peripheral temperature, and it mediates changes in autonomic, endocrine and behavioral responses in order to maintain homeostasis. Feeding ...
... Temperature regulation is an excellent example of a servo-control mechanism operating in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is sensitive both to hypothalamic and peripheral temperature, and it mediates changes in autonomic, endocrine and behavioral responses in order to maintain homeostasis. Feeding ...
Radial glia in the proliferative ventricular zone of the embryonic and
... precursor cells in fish, lizard, and turtle.48–50 However, it is not clear that adult cells referred to as RG cells are derived from, or share features with, embryonic RG cells. The dorsal cortex of the adult turtle shows low levels of constitutive proliferation, and glia with radial morphologies ar ...
... precursor cells in fish, lizard, and turtle.48–50 However, it is not clear that adult cells referred to as RG cells are derived from, or share features with, embryonic RG cells. The dorsal cortex of the adult turtle shows low levels of constitutive proliferation, and glia with radial morphologies ar ...