Total number and volume of Von Economo neurons in the cerebral
... humpback whale, M. novaeangliae) were examined in the present study (Fig. 1). The brains of a captive juvenile male bottlenose dolphin (1.90 m beak-to-fluke notch length, 3 years old) and of a stranded adult female Risso’s dolphin (2.90 m beak-to-fluke notch length, 18 years old) were collected at nec ...
... humpback whale, M. novaeangliae) were examined in the present study (Fig. 1). The brains of a captive juvenile male bottlenose dolphin (1.90 m beak-to-fluke notch length, 3 years old) and of a stranded adult female Risso’s dolphin (2.90 m beak-to-fluke notch length, 18 years old) were collected at nec ...
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... nerve fibres were very abundant in the SO ganglionated plexus. Some of them expressed simultaneously immunoreactivity for SP, and many SP-positive only nerve terminals were also found within the ganglia and in nerve bundles closely associated with the SO muscle. These CGRP and/or SP-positive fibres ...
... nerve fibres were very abundant in the SO ganglionated plexus. Some of them expressed simultaneously immunoreactivity for SP, and many SP-positive only nerve terminals were also found within the ganglia and in nerve bundles closely associated with the SO muscle. These CGRP and/or SP-positive fibres ...
Tenascin-C Contains Distinct Adhesive, Anti
... vertebrates evolves in a well-defined temporal sequence of events which includes proliferation of epithelial stem cells, migration of neuronal precursors from the ventricular zone to target areas, arrangement of connections, and neuronal cell death (Jacobson, 1991). Neuron-glia interactions play a c ...
... vertebrates evolves in a well-defined temporal sequence of events which includes proliferation of epithelial stem cells, migration of neuronal precursors from the ventricular zone to target areas, arrangement of connections, and neuronal cell death (Jacobson, 1991). Neuron-glia interactions play a c ...
Auditory Brain Development in Children With Hearing Loss– Part One
... riving higher-order meaning from the sound we hear is cerareas of the brain. Specifically, activity in response to auditory tainly a complex process. “Fundamentally, everything that stimulation was observed both in primary and secondary audicomes into our minds reduces to patterns of neural activity ...
... riving higher-order meaning from the sound we hear is cerareas of the brain. Specifically, activity in response to auditory tainly a complex process. “Fundamentally, everything that stimulation was observed both in primary and secondary audicomes into our minds reduces to patterns of neural activity ...
Cranial Nerve VII
... buds located on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and hard and soft palates initiate receptor (generator) potentials in response to chemical stimuli. The taste buds synapse with the peripheral processes of special sensory neurons from CN VII. These neurons generate action potentials in response to the ...
... buds located on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and hard and soft palates initiate receptor (generator) potentials in response to chemical stimuli. The taste buds synapse with the peripheral processes of special sensory neurons from CN VII. These neurons generate action potentials in response to the ...
Tasks for inhibitory interneurons in intact brain circuits
... activity of similar type of principal cells, which are different than those that gave rise to the interneuron excitation (Hartline et al., 1956; Isaacson and Scanziani, 2011; Adesnik et al., 2012; Lee et al., 2014b) (Fig. 1C). Lateral inhibition is the fundamental mechanism of neuronal group selecti ...
... activity of similar type of principal cells, which are different than those that gave rise to the interneuron excitation (Hartline et al., 1956; Isaacson and Scanziani, 2011; Adesnik et al., 2012; Lee et al., 2014b) (Fig. 1C). Lateral inhibition is the fundamental mechanism of neuronal group selecti ...
working draft - DAVID KAPLAN | Macquarie University
... It is important to keep these two notions of autonomy distinct because the evidence against the methodological autonomy of psychology from neuroscience is relatively strong, whereas the case concerning the explanatory autonomy of psychology remains far more uncertain. Keeley (2000), for example, arg ...
... It is important to keep these two notions of autonomy distinct because the evidence against the methodological autonomy of psychology from neuroscience is relatively strong, whereas the case concerning the explanatory autonomy of psychology remains far more uncertain. Keeley (2000), for example, arg ...
Interoception and Emotion: a Neuroanatomical Perspective
... operations are ephemeral, and it is organized in series of processing areas and nested hierarchies that form networks, so it is difficult to analyze. Studies of the effects of lesions and stimulation first identified the sensory regions (for vision, audition, and touch) and the motor regions (for sk ...
... operations are ephemeral, and it is organized in series of processing areas and nested hierarchies that form networks, so it is difficult to analyze. Studies of the effects of lesions and stimulation first identified the sensory regions (for vision, audition, and touch) and the motor regions (for sk ...
Postimplantation mouse development: whole embryo culture and
... (Libbus and Hsu, 1980). Further development to the limb bud stage takes up to 10 days in vitro which is longer than the 6 days in utero and only 10 of 86 blastocysts have ever progressed to this stage. A success rate such as this hardly warrants using these culture techniques for experimentation. Th ...
... (Libbus and Hsu, 1980). Further development to the limb bud stage takes up to 10 days in vitro which is longer than the 6 days in utero and only 10 of 86 blastocysts have ever progressed to this stage. A success rate such as this hardly warrants using these culture techniques for experimentation. Th ...
Evolution of Specialized Pyramidal Neurons in
... are important [Le Gros Clark, 1959; Martin, 1990], suggests that these neuronal subtypes constitute cellular substrates for specialized sensorimotor capacities. The giant cells of Betz [Betz, 1874, 1881; Brodmann, 1903, 1909; von Economo and Koskinas, 1925; Vogt and Vogt, 1942] are a prominent featu ...
... are important [Le Gros Clark, 1959; Martin, 1990], suggests that these neuronal subtypes constitute cellular substrates for specialized sensorimotor capacities. The giant cells of Betz [Betz, 1874, 1881; Brodmann, 1903, 1909; von Economo and Koskinas, 1925; Vogt and Vogt, 1942] are a prominent featu ...
Developmental Biology of Hematopoiesis
... source can also migrate t o t h eembryonic site. P, primitive cells; D, definitive cells. ...
... source can also migrate t o t h eembryonic site. P, primitive cells; D, definitive cells. ...
central mechanisms underlying short-term and long
... (DMH) plays a key role in integrating the cardiovascular response to acute stress. It is possible that this nucleus corresponds with the hypothalamic "defence area", although the boundaries of the latter region are not clearly defined. In any case, it is very interesting to note that activation of D ...
... (DMH) plays a key role in integrating the cardiovascular response to acute stress. It is possible that this nucleus corresponds with the hypothalamic "defence area", although the boundaries of the latter region are not clearly defined. In any case, it is very interesting to note that activation of D ...
07-Control of Movement
... The primary motor cortex uses information from the posterior parietal cortex, somatosensory cortex, and secondary motor cortex to initiate movement. From the primary motor cortex and other cortical areas, two fiber tracts travel through the midbrain and hi db i and ...
... The primary motor cortex uses information from the posterior parietal cortex, somatosensory cortex, and secondary motor cortex to initiate movement. From the primary motor cortex and other cortical areas, two fiber tracts travel through the midbrain and hi db i and ...
Human frequency-following response: representation of pitch
... Auditory nerve single-unit population studies have demonstrated that phase-locking plays a dominant role in the neural encoding of both the spectrum and voice pitch of speech sounds. Phase-locked neural activity underlying the scalp-recorded human frequency-following response (FFR) has also been sho ...
... Auditory nerve single-unit population studies have demonstrated that phase-locking plays a dominant role in the neural encoding of both the spectrum and voice pitch of speech sounds. Phase-locked neural activity underlying the scalp-recorded human frequency-following response (FFR) has also been sho ...
From format to function: Embodiment and the functional roles of
... Most modal theories are therefore explicitly reductionist, in the sense that they make claims about the biological substrate of cognition. It is a claimed overlap at the neural level that gives concepts their perceptual or motor format. Importantly, modal accounts often do not specify whether it is ...
... Most modal theories are therefore explicitly reductionist, in the sense that they make claims about the biological substrate of cognition. It is a claimed overlap at the neural level that gives concepts their perceptual or motor format. Importantly, modal accounts often do not specify whether it is ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿 - Shandong University
... This type of referred pain occurs because both visceral and somatic afferents often converge on the same interneurons in the pain pathways. ...
... This type of referred pain occurs because both visceral and somatic afferents often converge on the same interneurons in the pain pathways. ...
Key Points: Neuroscience Exam #2 Lecture 16 and 17: Development of
... Delayed awareness: spinal reflexes occur without immediate conscious awareness you will feel pain later bc it has to go up to higher centers Reflex suppression: reflexes can be suppressed by conscious thought (higher centers) o You can hold on to a pot of boiling water in order to save a child fro ...
... Delayed awareness: spinal reflexes occur without immediate conscious awareness you will feel pain later bc it has to go up to higher centers Reflex suppression: reflexes can be suppressed by conscious thought (higher centers) o You can hold on to a pot of boiling water in order to save a child fro ...
Adult stem cell therapy - imagining futures in cell
... embryo as it develops inside the womb. It is not easy to grow human embryonic stem cells. Once they are isolated from the blastocyst they do not simply grow in a standard broth of culture medium, they require contact with other cells. Typically this requires a layer of cells called "fibroblasts" whi ...
... embryo as it develops inside the womb. It is not easy to grow human embryonic stem cells. Once they are isolated from the blastocyst they do not simply grow in a standard broth of culture medium, they require contact with other cells. Typically this requires a layer of cells called "fibroblasts" whi ...
Biology 358 — Neuroanatomy First Exam
... 33—40% of this tract’s UMNs (upper motor neurons) originates within the premotor cortex, 33—40% originate within the primary motor cortex, and 20% originate within the somesthetic cortex of the cerebrum. Within the brain this tract gives off collateral branches to the basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebe ...
... 33—40% of this tract’s UMNs (upper motor neurons) originates within the premotor cortex, 33—40% originate within the primary motor cortex, and 20% originate within the somesthetic cortex of the cerebrum. Within the brain this tract gives off collateral branches to the basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebe ...
The human medial geniculate body
... view of the narrow tuning curves of the cells and their pattern of tonotopic organization [3]. Other parts (for example, the medial division) contain neurons with much broader, often polysensory tuning curves, and an unknown number of representations of the basilar membrane [l]. Moreover. the patter ...
... view of the narrow tuning curves of the cells and their pattern of tonotopic organization [3]. Other parts (for example, the medial division) contain neurons with much broader, often polysensory tuning curves, and an unknown number of representations of the basilar membrane [l]. Moreover. the patter ...
Learning, Reward and Decision-Making
... responses in a prospective manner, in anticipation of an event that requires a response. For example, digestion can be aided by producing saliva prior to the arrival of food, and personal harm may be avoided by steering clear of a hot surface without having to reflexively retreat from it. Pavlovian ...
... responses in a prospective manner, in anticipation of an event that requires a response. For example, digestion can be aided by producing saliva prior to the arrival of food, and personal harm may be avoided by steering clear of a hot surface without having to reflexively retreat from it. Pavlovian ...
Chapter 12 - Coastal Bend College
... where they synapse with excitatory interneurons which synapse with α motor neurons stimulate (usually flexure) muscles to remove the limb from the painful stimulus – **Collateral branches of sensory neurons synapse w/ ascending fibers to the brain conscious awareness of pain!!** AP1 Chapter 12 ...
... where they synapse with excitatory interneurons which synapse with α motor neurons stimulate (usually flexure) muscles to remove the limb from the painful stimulus – **Collateral branches of sensory neurons synapse w/ ascending fibers to the brain conscious awareness of pain!!** AP1 Chapter 12 ...