Synchronized Activities among Retinal Ganglion Cells in Response
... checker-board flickering. The results showed that nearby RGCs tended to fire synchronously much more frequently than expected by chance, in response to both stimuli. Under our experimental conditions, synchronous groups could contain three or more cells in response to natural movie; but activities w ...
... checker-board flickering. The results showed that nearby RGCs tended to fire synchronously much more frequently than expected by chance, in response to both stimuli. Under our experimental conditions, synchronous groups could contain three or more cells in response to natural movie; but activities w ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... Abstract—Midbrain dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra and retrorubral field play key roles in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons ...
... Abstract—Midbrain dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra and retrorubral field play key roles in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons ...
How is the acrosomal reaction species specific?
... – Anterior posterior axis, left right sides – After late cleavage polarities form in humans ...
... – Anterior posterior axis, left right sides – After late cleavage polarities form in humans ...
How the brain uses time to represent and process visual information
... would also like to know how this information corresponds to perceptual qualities, whether a neuron’s performance reflects its ideal information capacity or rather a compromise reflecting the biological costs of achieving this capacity [32], and how information is transferred from one neuron to anoth ...
... would also like to know how this information corresponds to perceptual qualities, whether a neuron’s performance reflects its ideal information capacity or rather a compromise reflecting the biological costs of achieving this capacity [32], and how information is transferred from one neuron to anoth ...
Telencephalon
... GABA-ergic interneurons Large Cholinergic interneurons Interneurons provide local surrounding inhibition Large cholinergic interneurons are Tonically Active Neurons (TANS) function in learning and reward behavior ...
... GABA-ergic interneurons Large Cholinergic interneurons Interneurons provide local surrounding inhibition Large cholinergic interneurons are Tonically Active Neurons (TANS) function in learning and reward behavior ...
The Science of Psychology
... Brain Connection: The Brain and Learning: http://www.brainconnection.com/ A newspaper-style web page that contains interesting articles, news reports, activities, and commentary on brain-related issues. Brain Function and Pathology: http://www.waiting.com/brainfunction.html Concise table of diagrams ...
... Brain Connection: The Brain and Learning: http://www.brainconnection.com/ A newspaper-style web page that contains interesting articles, news reports, activities, and commentary on brain-related issues. Brain Function and Pathology: http://www.waiting.com/brainfunction.html Concise table of diagrams ...
STATE-DEPENDENT OPIOID CONTROL OF PAIN
... studied extensively in animals and humans. We now know a great deal about the molecular mechanisms of transduction and the relationship of the firing of these neurons to stimulus intensity and to the psychophysics of perceived pain intensity12–14. Furthermore, although much remains to be learned abo ...
... studied extensively in animals and humans. We now know a great deal about the molecular mechanisms of transduction and the relationship of the firing of these neurons to stimulus intensity and to the psychophysics of perceived pain intensity12–14. Furthermore, although much remains to be learned abo ...
Ultrastructural Characterization of Gerbil Olivocochlear Neurons
... neurons labeled by retrograde transport of tritiated D-ASP from the cochlea (Ryan et al., 1987). It is still unresolved whether the small neurons compose the entire population of “intraLSO” OC neurons, as suggested by Ryan et al. (1987) or whether class 5 neurons also contribute to this population. ...
... neurons labeled by retrograde transport of tritiated D-ASP from the cochlea (Ryan et al., 1987). It is still unresolved whether the small neurons compose the entire population of “intraLSO” OC neurons, as suggested by Ryan et al. (1987) or whether class 5 neurons also contribute to this population. ...
Chapter 3
... His work strikes us not only for its beauty but also for how it depicts objects in a way that a sighted person would see them. How can someone who has never seen anything in his life create beautiful paintings that depict realistic images? It seems as if his brain is doing something that his eyes ca ...
... His work strikes us not only for its beauty but also for how it depicts objects in a way that a sighted person would see them. How can someone who has never seen anything in his life create beautiful paintings that depict realistic images? It seems as if his brain is doing something that his eyes ca ...
12 - PHSchool.com
... the cerebrum (serĕ-brum). The diencephalon part of the forebrain specializes to form the hypothalamus (hipo-thalahmus), thalamus, epithalamus, and retina of the eye. Less dramatic changes occur in the mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon as these regions are transformed into the midb ...
... the cerebrum (serĕ-brum). The diencephalon part of the forebrain specializes to form the hypothalamus (hipo-thalahmus), thalamus, epithalamus, and retina of the eye. Less dramatic changes occur in the mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon as these regions are transformed into the midb ...
Role of motor cortex in voluntary movements Eye
... • Afferent inputs • 1.) Inputs from the basal ganglia directed mainly to the SMA. • 2.) Cerebellar efferent fibers send signals onto the PMC • 3.) A third source of inputs is the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). – PPC provides integrated somatosensory and visual information to area 6, which is neces ...
... • Afferent inputs • 1.) Inputs from the basal ganglia directed mainly to the SMA. • 2.) Cerebellar efferent fibers send signals onto the PMC • 3.) A third source of inputs is the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). – PPC provides integrated somatosensory and visual information to area 6, which is neces ...
PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY B.Sc. Counselling Psychology
... In the same way that having two eyes allows for greater visual abilities through stereoscopic vision, so having two ears affords a greater skill in hearing. The use of two ears is called binaural detection. Without two ears, our ability to locate a sound source is diminished, although, as we shall s ...
... In the same way that having two eyes allows for greater visual abilities through stereoscopic vision, so having two ears affords a greater skill in hearing. The use of two ears is called binaural detection. Without two ears, our ability to locate a sound source is diminished, although, as we shall s ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... Autonomic Nervous System The autonomic nervous system regulates activities that are involuntary, or not under conscious control. Example: when you start to run, the autonomic nervous system increases heart rate and blood flow to the skeletal muscles, stimulates the sweat glands, ...
... Autonomic Nervous System The autonomic nervous system regulates activities that are involuntary, or not under conscious control. Example: when you start to run, the autonomic nervous system increases heart rate and blood flow to the skeletal muscles, stimulates the sweat glands, ...
Sodium channel expression in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of
... sequentially-ordered upstream targets. Second-order dorsal horn nociceptive neurons receive input from the periphery via the dorsal root ganglia, and project rostrally to third-order neurons within a pain-signaling pathway, located within the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus. Most of these spinot ...
... sequentially-ordered upstream targets. Second-order dorsal horn nociceptive neurons receive input from the periphery via the dorsal root ganglia, and project rostrally to third-order neurons within a pain-signaling pathway, located within the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus. Most of these spinot ...
- TestbankU
... After completion of this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Name and describe the parts of a neuron and explain their functions. 2. Describe the supporting cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems and explain the blood–brain barrier. 3. Briefly describe the role of neural communic ...
... After completion of this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Name and describe the parts of a neuron and explain their functions. 2. Describe the supporting cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems and explain the blood–brain barrier. 3. Briefly describe the role of neural communic ...
PDF
... in the hippocampus and eye, and possibly some neurons. In humans, heterozygous Sox2 deficiency is associated with eye abnormalities, hippocampal malformation and epilepsy. To better understand the role of Sox2, we performed in vitro differentiation studies on neural stem cells cultured from embryoni ...
... in the hippocampus and eye, and possibly some neurons. In humans, heterozygous Sox2 deficiency is associated with eye abnormalities, hippocampal malformation and epilepsy. To better understand the role of Sox2, we performed in vitro differentiation studies on neural stem cells cultured from embryoni ...
Summary of Results and Discussion
... Previous studies by Josephson and Meier reported no alterations of Nogo-A expression at 24 hours after KA injection, and no alterations or strong upregulation after 7-5 days (Table 1.1; Josephson et al., 2001; Meier et al., 2003). The doses used in the three studies were similar (10 mg/kg Josephson ...
... Previous studies by Josephson and Meier reported no alterations of Nogo-A expression at 24 hours after KA injection, and no alterations or strong upregulation after 7-5 days (Table 1.1; Josephson et al., 2001; Meier et al., 2003). The doses used in the three studies were similar (10 mg/kg Josephson ...
Physiology of the Striate Cortex
... • Retinal ganglion cells: Center-surround structure, Sensitive to contrast, and wavelength of light • Striate cortex: Orientation selectivity, direction selectivity, and binocularity • Extrastriate cortical areas: Selective responsive to complex shapes; e.g., Faces ...
... • Retinal ganglion cells: Center-surround structure, Sensitive to contrast, and wavelength of light • Striate cortex: Orientation selectivity, direction selectivity, and binocularity • Extrastriate cortical areas: Selective responsive to complex shapes; e.g., Faces ...
Acidic and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factors in the Nervous System
... mitogenesisand binding to heparin with high affinity. Recent observations suggestthat FGFs may be important for the development and maintenanceof nervous tissue.FGFs are presentin relatively high levels in the brain (Gospodarowicz et al., 1987; Burgessand Maciag, 1989) and have been demonstrated in ...
... mitogenesisand binding to heparin with high affinity. Recent observations suggestthat FGFs may be important for the development and maintenanceof nervous tissue.FGFs are presentin relatively high levels in the brain (Gospodarowicz et al., 1987; Burgessand Maciag, 1989) and have been demonstrated in ...
Associative learning signals in the brain
... Abstract: Associative memory is defined as memory for the relationship between two initially unrelated items, like a name and an unfamiliar face. Associative memory is not only one of the most common forms of memory used in everyday situations, but is highly dependent on the structures of the medial ...
... Abstract: Associative memory is defined as memory for the relationship between two initially unrelated items, like a name and an unfamiliar face. Associative memory is not only one of the most common forms of memory used in everyday situations, but is highly dependent on the structures of the medial ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... The hypothalamus is the main integration center of ANS activity ...
... The hypothalamus is the main integration center of ANS activity ...
Copyrighted Material
... 1998). Through studies of the movement of radiolabeled amino acid precursors, several major components of axonal transport are known (Grafstein, 1995). The fastest component is referred to as fast axonal transport and carries a large number of proteins from their site of synthesis in the cell body i ...
... 1998). Through studies of the movement of radiolabeled amino acid precursors, several major components of axonal transport are known (Grafstein, 1995). The fastest component is referred to as fast axonal transport and carries a large number of proteins from their site of synthesis in the cell body i ...