Glia–Neuron Interactions in Nervous System Function
... without aVecting neuronal survival have been used to explore glial eVects on neuronal parameters (e.g., McBean, 1994; Robitaille, 1998). It should also be possible, in principle, to generate glia harboring mutations that aVect neuronal function but not survival. Although these approaches have proven ...
... without aVecting neuronal survival have been used to explore glial eVects on neuronal parameters (e.g., McBean, 1994; Robitaille, 1998). It should also be possible, in principle, to generate glia harboring mutations that aVect neuronal function but not survival. Although these approaches have proven ...
Otx Genes and the Genetic Control of Brain
... expression of En and Otx2 genes (Ang and Rossant, 1993; Ang et al., 1994). However, there is increasing evidence that the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) in mouse, and the leading edge of the involuting endoderm in Xenopus, play a fundamental role in the specification of the anterior neural plate ( ...
... expression of En and Otx2 genes (Ang and Rossant, 1993; Ang et al., 1994). However, there is increasing evidence that the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) in mouse, and the leading edge of the involuting endoderm in Xenopus, play a fundamental role in the specification of the anterior neural plate ( ...
Perception, Action, and Utility: The Tangled Skein
... state probability is dubious. Indeed, other work varying rewarding outcomes for actions (Platt & Glimcher, 1999; Sugrue, Corrado, & Newsome, 2004) shows that neurons in LIP are indeed modulated by the probability and amount of reward expected for an action—probably better thought of as related to ex ...
... state probability is dubious. Indeed, other work varying rewarding outcomes for actions (Platt & Glimcher, 1999; Sugrue, Corrado, & Newsome, 2004) shows that neurons in LIP are indeed modulated by the probability and amount of reward expected for an action—probably better thought of as related to ex ...
65 Commentary - The Ideal DBS System The proliferation of DBS
... Another biophysical property that can be exploited is the refractory period that differs between axons, cell bodies and dendrites. If a pair of stimulation pulses is administered at an inter-pulse interval shorter than the refractory period, then the second of the pair of pulses will occur with the ...
... Another biophysical property that can be exploited is the refractory period that differs between axons, cell bodies and dendrites. If a pair of stimulation pulses is administered at an inter-pulse interval shorter than the refractory period, then the second of the pair of pulses will occur with the ...
An Introduction to the ANS and Higher
... • Controls during resting conditions • “Rest and digest” ...
... • Controls during resting conditions • “Rest and digest” ...
Neuronal Control of Mucus Secretion by Leeches: Toward a General
... sites which in turn control the gut musculature. Thus, the mammalian gut is rich in serotonin which induces its epithelium to secrete mucus. Here too then, as in the body wall of the leech, serotonin appears to mediate mucus secretion. Additional inferential support for serotonin subserving the secr ...
... sites which in turn control the gut musculature. Thus, the mammalian gut is rich in serotonin which induces its epithelium to secrete mucus. Here too then, as in the body wall of the leech, serotonin appears to mediate mucus secretion. Additional inferential support for serotonin subserving the secr ...
CaseStudyBrain2016
... In his book, The Man who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, Oliver Sacks describes many case studies. Dr. P. displays some minor issues with muscle strength, coordination and reflexes on the left side of his body. During a neurological exam, he takes off his left shoe to scratch his foot and then forgets t ...
... In his book, The Man who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, Oliver Sacks describes many case studies. Dr. P. displays some minor issues with muscle strength, coordination and reflexes on the left side of his body. During a neurological exam, he takes off his left shoe to scratch his foot and then forgets t ...
Neural constraints on learning
... shape learning. On a timescale of hours, it seems to be difficult to learn to generate neural activity patterns that are not consistent with the existing network structure. These findings offer a network-level explanation for the observation that we are more readily able to learn new skills when the ...
... shape learning. On a timescale of hours, it seems to be difficult to learn to generate neural activity patterns that are not consistent with the existing network structure. These findings offer a network-level explanation for the observation that we are more readily able to learn new skills when the ...
Ch 12
... • Gray matter = nerve cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, bundles of unmyelinated axons and neuroglia (gray color) – In the spinal cord = gray matter forms an H-shaped inner core surrounded by white matter – In the brain = a thin outer shell of gray matter covers the surface & is found in cluste ...
... • Gray matter = nerve cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, bundles of unmyelinated axons and neuroglia (gray color) – In the spinal cord = gray matter forms an H-shaped inner core surrounded by white matter – In the brain = a thin outer shell of gray matter covers the surface & is found in cluste ...
Chapter 3
... • Gray matter = nerve cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, bundles of unmyelinated axons and neuroglia (gray color) – In the spinal cord = gray matter forms an H-shaped inner core surrounded by white matter – In the brain = a thin outer shell of gray matter covers the surface & is found in cluste ...
... • Gray matter = nerve cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, bundles of unmyelinated axons and neuroglia (gray color) – In the spinal cord = gray matter forms an H-shaped inner core surrounded by white matter – In the brain = a thin outer shell of gray matter covers the surface & is found in cluste ...
Dopamine neuron responses to aversive stimuli (not so diverse after
... Although most dopamine neurons are inhibited by aversive stimuli, around 25% of dopamine neurons are excited by aversive stimuli. ...
... Although most dopamine neurons are inhibited by aversive stimuli, around 25% of dopamine neurons are excited by aversive stimuli. ...
Neurons of the Central Complex of the Locust Schistocerca gregaria
... divisions of the central body, and the paired noduli (Homberg, 1987) (see Fig. 1 A). Its most striking feature is a highly stratified internal organization consisting of well defined layers in the central body and, perpendicularly, an arrangement into sets of sixteen columns. Columnar neurons provid ...
... divisions of the central body, and the paired noduli (Homberg, 1987) (see Fig. 1 A). Its most striking feature is a highly stratified internal organization consisting of well defined layers in the central body and, perpendicularly, an arrangement into sets of sixteen columns. Columnar neurons provid ...
Robust path integration in the entorhinal grid cell - cneuro
... Path integration alone, however, can not be used by animals or robots for proper navigation as errors in the measurement of speed and direction increasingly accumulate, and after the animal proceeds a certain distance this error would invalidate self localization. Fortunately, combining allothetic a ...
... Path integration alone, however, can not be used by animals or robots for proper navigation as errors in the measurement of speed and direction increasingly accumulate, and after the animal proceeds a certain distance this error would invalidate self localization. Fortunately, combining allothetic a ...
Abstracts - BCCN 2009
... A slightly more subtle change was the expansion of topic areas covered by the program. In response to the growing interest in more applied research topics as represented by the new Bernstein Foci for Neurotechnology, we have introduced a demonstration track and several exhibits will be shown at the ...
... A slightly more subtle change was the expansion of topic areas covered by the program. In response to the growing interest in more applied research topics as represented by the new Bernstein Foci for Neurotechnology, we have introduced a demonstration track and several exhibits will be shown at the ...
Synaptic Integration in Rat Frontal Cortex Shaped by Network Activity
... reduced in both amplitude and duration. This results in a drastic shortening of its window for temporal integration, requiring more precise coordination of presynaptic spike discharges to reliably drive the neuron to spike under conditions of high network activity. We conclude that ongoing activity, ...
... reduced in both amplitude and duration. This results in a drastic shortening of its window for temporal integration, requiring more precise coordination of presynaptic spike discharges to reliably drive the neuron to spike under conditions of high network activity. We conclude that ongoing activity, ...
The Outer (External) Ear
... few molecules will start an action potential! The olfactory nerve goes through the cribiform plate to form the OLFACTORY BULB (one of the shortest nerves in the body) and into the limbic system. ...
... few molecules will start an action potential! The olfactory nerve goes through the cribiform plate to form the OLFACTORY BULB (one of the shortest nerves in the body) and into the limbic system. ...
central effects of centripetal impulses in axons of spinal ventral roots
... arrival of a volley of impulses travelling centripetally in axons of ventral roots. Recordings made with micro-electrodes have now revealed relatively prolonged bursts of action potentials, which are believed to originate in interneurons of the ventral horn. Although has not been exthis activity hau ...
... arrival of a volley of impulses travelling centripetally in axons of ventral roots. Recordings made with micro-electrodes have now revealed relatively prolonged bursts of action potentials, which are believed to originate in interneurons of the ventral horn. Although has not been exthis activity hau ...
Handout
... These Hox genes contain a common DNA motif called homeobox (encodes 60 amino acid homeodomain for DNA binding) ...
... These Hox genes contain a common DNA motif called homeobox (encodes 60 amino acid homeodomain for DNA binding) ...
Dopamine is produced in the rat spinal cord and regulates
... a b s t r a c t Dopamine (DA) neurons in the mammalian central nervous system are thought to be restricted to the brain. DA-mediated regulation of urinary activity is considered to occur through an interaction between midbrain DA neurons and the pontine micturition center. Here we show that DA is pr ...
... a b s t r a c t Dopamine (DA) neurons in the mammalian central nervous system are thought to be restricted to the brain. DA-mediated regulation of urinary activity is considered to occur through an interaction between midbrain DA neurons and the pontine micturition center. Here we show that DA is pr ...
Full-Text PDF
... the chronic blockade of action potential (AP) driven synaptic activity throughout the network results in an increase in probability of release and mEPSC frequency without a change in synapse density [33,35,36,42–46]. In contrast, decreasing AP generation in individual neurons decreases mESPC frequen ...
... the chronic blockade of action potential (AP) driven synaptic activity throughout the network results in an increase in probability of release and mEPSC frequency without a change in synapse density [33,35,36,42–46]. In contrast, decreasing AP generation in individual neurons decreases mESPC frequen ...
A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... (Mustela putorius furo), we extracellularly recorded from extrastriate visual cortex in five pigmented and two albino ferrets under general anaesthesia and paralysis. Visual stimulation consisted of large area random dot patterns moving either on a circular path in the frontoparallel plane or expand ...
... (Mustela putorius furo), we extracellularly recorded from extrastriate visual cortex in five pigmented and two albino ferrets under general anaesthesia and paralysis. Visual stimulation consisted of large area random dot patterns moving either on a circular path in the frontoparallel plane or expand ...
Epilepsy in Small
... exception is the network simulation with 24,000 neurons where the refractory time was 28 msec and the synaptic delay was 2 msec, which was necessary to allow enough time for the entire network to be activated before the first cells recovered. The refractory period can be generated by many mechanisms ...
... exception is the network simulation with 24,000 neurons where the refractory time was 28 msec and the synaptic delay was 2 msec, which was necessary to allow enough time for the entire network to be activated before the first cells recovered. The refractory period can be generated by many mechanisms ...