Amo, Neuron, 2014
... by the active avoidance of potentially dangerous environments is often more effective for animal survival than panic behavior alone. A candidate site responsible for active avoidance is the lateral habenula (LHb). In mammals, LHb neurons are phasically activated to negative or aversive emotional eve ...
... by the active avoidance of potentially dangerous environments is often more effective for animal survival than panic behavior alone. A candidate site responsible for active avoidance is the lateral habenula (LHb). In mammals, LHb neurons are phasically activated to negative or aversive emotional eve ...
Chapter 12 – Auditory Localization and Organization
... The auditory cortex is located on the upper surface of the temporal lobe tucked into the lateral sulcus – the sulcus separating the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes. A primary discovery associated with the auditory cortex is the tonotopic map – the neurons are organized by the frequ ...
... The auditory cortex is located on the upper surface of the temporal lobe tucked into the lateral sulcus – the sulcus separating the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes. A primary discovery associated with the auditory cortex is the tonotopic map – the neurons are organized by the frequ ...
Basal Ganglia: Internal Organization
... innervate the ipsilateral striatum but also the contralateral striatum. The corticosubthalamic projection is derived from more restricted regions of the cortex (see below). The corticostriatal and thalamostriatal projections are highly topographically organized and impart functionality onto the stri ...
... innervate the ipsilateral striatum but also the contralateral striatum. The corticosubthalamic projection is derived from more restricted regions of the cortex (see below). The corticostriatal and thalamostriatal projections are highly topographically organized and impart functionality onto the stri ...
Olfactory Coding in the Honeybee Lateral Horn
... map that could serve a basic odor recognition function. Our data demonstrate the existence of such odor-specific maps at the input to the LH. These maps are specific and allow predicting the bees’ olfactory generalization. The intensity of activation induced by different odors in the LH was highly c ...
... map that could serve a basic odor recognition function. Our data demonstrate the existence of such odor-specific maps at the input to the LH. These maps are specific and allow predicting the bees’ olfactory generalization. The intensity of activation induced by different odors in the LH was highly c ...
Different Types of Cerebellar GABAergic Interneurons Originate from
... transplantation experiments indicate that the developmental potential of cerebellar progenitors is progressively restricted toward late-generated types (Jankovski et al., 1996; Carletti et al., 2002; Grimaldi et al., 2005). Therefore, to investigate the mechanisms that regulate the generation of GAB ...
... transplantation experiments indicate that the developmental potential of cerebellar progenitors is progressively restricted toward late-generated types (Jankovski et al., 1996; Carletti et al., 2002; Grimaldi et al., 2005). Therefore, to investigate the mechanisms that regulate the generation of GAB ...
The neurophysiological correlates of motor tics following focal
... inhibited during tics, although tics were only manifested in a small confined muscle group. This suggests that rather than representing a specific action within the basal ganglia itself, these nuclei provide a temporally exact but spatially distributed release signal. The tics induced by striatal di ...
... inhibited during tics, although tics were only manifested in a small confined muscle group. This suggests that rather than representing a specific action within the basal ganglia itself, these nuclei provide a temporally exact but spatially distributed release signal. The tics induced by striatal di ...
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems The
... 2. cerebellum located in back of skull, balances the actions of muscles so body can move smoothly 3. brain stem Brain stem controls basic life functions (breathing, heart beat) ...
... 2. cerebellum located in back of skull, balances the actions of muscles so body can move smoothly 3. brain stem Brain stem controls basic life functions (breathing, heart beat) ...
optical multistage interconnection networks
... So, our entire brain is composed of these interconnected electro-chemical transmitting neurons. From a very large number of extremely simple processing units, each performing a weighted sum of its inputs, and then firing a binary signal if the total input exceeds a certain level, the brain manages ...
... So, our entire brain is composed of these interconnected electro-chemical transmitting neurons. From a very large number of extremely simple processing units, each performing a weighted sum of its inputs, and then firing a binary signal if the total input exceeds a certain level, the brain manages ...
Remapping of Border Ownership in the Visual Cortex
... graphics card using the anti-aliasing feature of the software and were presented on a 21-inch EIZO FlexScan T965 color monitor with 1600 ⫻ 1200 resolution at 72 Hz refresh rate. Stereoscopic pairs were presented side by side and superimposed optically at 40 cm viewing distance. The field of view sub ...
... graphics card using the anti-aliasing feature of the software and were presented on a 21-inch EIZO FlexScan T965 color monitor with 1600 ⫻ 1200 resolution at 72 Hz refresh rate. Stereoscopic pairs were presented side by side and superimposed optically at 40 cm viewing distance. The field of view sub ...
Symmetric versus asymmetric cell division during neurogenesis in
... The apical–basal polarity of neuroepithelial and radialglial cells also provides a cell-biological basis to explain their symmetric versus asymmetric division. Thus, a cleavage plane perpendicular to the lumenal surface of the ventricular zone (vertical cleavage plane) has been proposed to result in ...
... The apical–basal polarity of neuroepithelial and radialglial cells also provides a cell-biological basis to explain their symmetric versus asymmetric division. Thus, a cleavage plane perpendicular to the lumenal surface of the ventricular zone (vertical cleavage plane) has been proposed to result in ...
Lema and Nevitt, 2004a
... prime candidate for physiologically mediating the diversification of Death Valley pupfishes. AVT previously has been recognized in fish to regulate plasma osmolality (Kulczykowska, 1997), vasodilation (Warne and Balment, 1997), and the secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones (Baker et al., 1996). But AV ...
... prime candidate for physiologically mediating the diversification of Death Valley pupfishes. AVT previously has been recognized in fish to regulate plasma osmolality (Kulczykowska, 1997), vasodilation (Warne and Balment, 1997), and the secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones (Baker et al., 1996). But AV ...
Expert system, fuzzy logic, and neural network applications in power
... expert system. The core of the expert system is the representation of knowledge transferred from the human domain expert. The domain expert, say the power electronics engineer, may or may not have the requisite software expertise. Knowledge engineering is a branch of computer science that deals with ...
... expert system. The core of the expert system is the representation of knowledge transferred from the human domain expert. The domain expert, say the power electronics engineer, may or may not have the requisite software expertise. Knowledge engineering is a branch of computer science that deals with ...
Sensation
... (Gasser’s ganglion). Those for larynx mucouse membrane, pharynx, radix of tongue - in ganglions of Vague and Glossopharyngeal nerves (ganglion superior and inferior). Those for 2/3 front of tongue - in a geniculate ganglion (ganglion geniculi) of facial nerve The second neurons are situated in the ...
... (Gasser’s ganglion). Those for larynx mucouse membrane, pharynx, radix of tongue - in ganglions of Vague and Glossopharyngeal nerves (ganglion superior and inferior). Those for 2/3 front of tongue - in a geniculate ganglion (ganglion geniculi) of facial nerve The second neurons are situated in the ...
A Pitx transcription factor controls the establishment
... stem cells residing in the planarian body in large numbers. It is still obscure how these stem cells are programmed for differentiation into specific cell lineages and how lineage identity is maintained. Here we identify a Pitx transcription factor of crucial importance for planarian regeneration. I ...
... stem cells residing in the planarian body in large numbers. It is still obscure how these stem cells are programmed for differentiation into specific cell lineages and how lineage identity is maintained. Here we identify a Pitx transcription factor of crucial importance for planarian regeneration. I ...
Document
... by maternal factors, but the mesoderm is induced from ectoderm by signals from the vegetal region ...
... by maternal factors, but the mesoderm is induced from ectoderm by signals from the vegetal region ...
CHAPTER TWO
... weights during training. The most common technique is backward-error propagation, more commonly known as back-propagation. These various learning techniques are explored in greater depth later in this report. Yet, training is not just a technique. It involves a "feel," and conscious analysis, to ins ...
... weights during training. The most common technique is backward-error propagation, more commonly known as back-propagation. These various learning techniques are explored in greater depth later in this report. Yet, training is not just a technique. It involves a "feel," and conscious analysis, to ins ...
Lecture 05
... • tracing where axons project to Retrograde (backward) • tracing where axons are projecting from ...
... • tracing where axons project to Retrograde (backward) • tracing where axons are projecting from ...
Organization of a Vertebrate Cardiac Ganglion: A Correlated
... relative peak-height ratios at 2 applied potentials. Levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA), and 5-HT were calculated on the basis of peak heights with an external standard method using a Shimadzu C-R3A Chromatopac. Radioimmune assay (RZA) procedures. A sensitive and specific ...
... relative peak-height ratios at 2 applied potentials. Levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA), and 5-HT were calculated on the basis of peak heights with an external standard method using a Shimadzu C-R3A Chromatopac. Radioimmune assay (RZA) procedures. A sensitive and specific ...
Glia Engulf Degenerating Axons during Developmental Axon Pruning
... (Figures 1C2–1E2). In addition, there appears to be a marked increase in the number of vacuoles adjacent to labeled profiles (v, Figures 1C2–1E2). In contrast, axonal peduncles, which do not undergo pruning [6, 8], exhibit little ultrastructural changes (data not shown; see Figure S1). This observat ...
... (Figures 1C2–1E2). In addition, there appears to be a marked increase in the number of vacuoles adjacent to labeled profiles (v, Figures 1C2–1E2). In contrast, axonal peduncles, which do not undergo pruning [6, 8], exhibit little ultrastructural changes (data not shown; see Figure S1). This observat ...
Genetic mechanisms behind cell specification Drosophila Magnus Baumgardt
... Today the field of developmental neurobiology constitutes a broad and active research field investigating the molecular mechanisms behind such principles as patterning, progenitor identity transitions, cell cycle regulation, asymmetric division, apoptosis, differentiation, cell migration, glial proc ...
... Today the field of developmental neurobiology constitutes a broad and active research field investigating the molecular mechanisms behind such principles as patterning, progenitor identity transitions, cell cycle regulation, asymmetric division, apoptosis, differentiation, cell migration, glial proc ...
Nineteen
... an appraisal of sensory delicits provides information concerning the location of a lesion in ...
... an appraisal of sensory delicits provides information concerning the location of a lesion in ...