Collateral projections from the median raphe nucleus to the medial
... horn, and to the granule cell layer and immediately adjacent inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG). An extensive body of evidence indicates that the MR is directly involved in the modulation/control of the hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG), specifically states of hippocampal desynchro ...
... horn, and to the granule cell layer and immediately adjacent inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG). An extensive body of evidence indicates that the MR is directly involved in the modulation/control of the hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG), specifically states of hippocampal desynchro ...
1. An introductions to clinical neurology: path physiology, diagnosis
... shown a type of complex, intersynaptic structure (glomerulus-like synapse) enclosed in a glial capsule. Golgi Cells E These are much larger than the granular cells and lie scattered in the granular layer, mainly a little below the Purkinje cells. Their dendritic trees, which arborize particularly in ...
... shown a type of complex, intersynaptic structure (glomerulus-like synapse) enclosed in a glial capsule. Golgi Cells E These are much larger than the granular cells and lie scattered in the granular layer, mainly a little below the Purkinje cells. Their dendritic trees, which arborize particularly in ...
The Emergence of Selective Attention through - laral
... the time increases with the number of distracters and the similarity between the visual features of the target and the distracters [1]. These results, originally used to sustain a serial deployment of a visual attention ‘spotlight’, have been later explained by a parallel interactive process. In par ...
... the time increases with the number of distracters and the similarity between the visual features of the target and the distracters [1]. These results, originally used to sustain a serial deployment of a visual attention ‘spotlight’, have been later explained by a parallel interactive process. In par ...
The Stress-Induced Atf3-Gelsolin Cascade Underlies
... TSC is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. TSC manifests as a tumor-hamartoma syndrome affecting multiple organs, including the brain, skin, eyes, kidneys, heart, and lungs. The pathognomonic brain lesion in TSC is the cor ...
... TSC is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. TSC manifests as a tumor-hamartoma syndrome affecting multiple organs, including the brain, skin, eyes, kidneys, heart, and lungs. The pathognomonic brain lesion in TSC is the cor ...
Rapid Alterations in Diffusion-weighted Images with Anatomic
... Image analysis was performed for each rat on a single slice immediately anterior to the slice where the hippocampus can be seen curling inferiorly. This position corresponded approximately to bregma 23.60 mm and maximized the cross-sectional area of each ROI (Fig 1) (21). Cheshire image processing s ...
... Image analysis was performed for each rat on a single slice immediately anterior to the slice where the hippocampus can be seen curling inferiorly. This position corresponded approximately to bregma 23.60 mm and maximized the cross-sectional area of each ROI (Fig 1) (21). Cheshire image processing s ...
Synaptic and extrasynaptic traces of long-term memory
... known and can be combined to provide knowable output signals. The input streams to neurons come from sources largely unknown. In the higher animals, the specificity of cell adhesion molecules and other determinants of connectivity are only enough to identify the broader biological neuron types, not ...
... known and can be combined to provide knowable output signals. The input streams to neurons come from sources largely unknown. In the higher animals, the specificity of cell adhesion molecules and other determinants of connectivity are only enough to identify the broader biological neuron types, not ...
Expression of the Emx-1 and Dlx-1 homeobox genes define three
... Mouse, Chick, Turtle, Frog, Neural tube, Emx-1, Dlx-1, Pax-6 ...
... Mouse, Chick, Turtle, Frog, Neural tube, Emx-1, Dlx-1, Pax-6 ...
الشريحة 1
... Development of the retina The eye is externalized portion of the brain . Formation of the eye begins with lateral outpouchings of the forebrain during the third week of development . The development of the optic cup ( optic vesicle ) reaches a stage where the outer layer of the optic vesicle becomes ...
... Development of the retina The eye is externalized portion of the brain . Formation of the eye begins with lateral outpouchings of the forebrain during the third week of development . The development of the optic cup ( optic vesicle ) reaches a stage where the outer layer of the optic vesicle becomes ...
A Critical Review of the Role of the Proposed VMpo Nucleus in Pain
... nervous system nuclei is usually based on cytoarchitecture, rather than on fiber architecture, although the patterns of connections of a nucleus are obviously important. A major problem is that it is unclear to what extent the calbindin-positive axons in this case terminate in the proposed nucleus a ...
... nervous system nuclei is usually based on cytoarchitecture, rather than on fiber architecture, although the patterns of connections of a nucleus are obviously important. A major problem is that it is unclear to what extent the calbindin-positive axons in this case terminate in the proposed nucleus a ...
Review The Neural Basis of Perceptual Learning
... and Levi, 1995; Fahle and Morgan, 1996). Other visual perceptual tasks that improve with training include the ability to discriminate orientation (Vogels and Orban, 1985; Shiu and Pashler, 1992; Schoups et al., 1995), the direction of motion (Ball and Sekuler, 1982, 1987), the differences in the wav ...
... and Levi, 1995; Fahle and Morgan, 1996). Other visual perceptual tasks that improve with training include the ability to discriminate orientation (Vogels and Orban, 1985; Shiu and Pashler, 1992; Schoups et al., 1995), the direction of motion (Ball and Sekuler, 1982, 1987), the differences in the wav ...
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta
... molecular structures on the level of different proteins, receptors or DNA. Thanks to this, we have an opportunity to examine the effect different substances on organisms on the molecular level. Hughes et al. (1975) was one of the first, who isolated endogenous compounds binding to opioid receptors. ...
... molecular structures on the level of different proteins, receptors or DNA. Thanks to this, we have an opportunity to examine the effect different substances on organisms on the molecular level. Hughes et al. (1975) was one of the first, who isolated endogenous compounds binding to opioid receptors. ...
Tick-borne flaviviruses alter membrane structure and replicate in
... points. The experiments were repeated four times. Fig. 1(a) and (b) shows that viral titres peaked at 48 h post-infection (p.i.), and the titres did not differ among studied primary cultures. The viral titre of TBEV at 48 h p.i. was slightly higher than that attained by the other viruses, but the di ...
... points. The experiments were repeated four times. Fig. 1(a) and (b) shows that viral titres peaked at 48 h post-infection (p.i.), and the titres did not differ among studied primary cultures. The viral titre of TBEV at 48 h p.i. was slightly higher than that attained by the other viruses, but the di ...
Expanding Our Understanding of Central Sensitization
... the CNS. Signals from peripheral nociceptors are partially responsible for this upregulation, but there also appears to be a humoral component to the transduction of the pain signal across the blood-brain barrier. For example, in experimental models, COX-2 is produced in the CNS even when animals re ...
... the CNS. Signals from peripheral nociceptors are partially responsible for this upregulation, but there also appears to be a humoral component to the transduction of the pain signal across the blood-brain barrier. For example, in experimental models, COX-2 is produced in the CNS even when animals re ...
Neural correlates for perception of 3d surface orientation from texture
... the KASH domain of ANC-1 is localized to the outer nuclear envelope by UNC-84. Digitonin extraction experiments show that human Syne-2 localizes to the outer nuclear envelope (14). ANC-1 would then extend away from the nucleus, where its NH2-terminus binds to the stable actin cytoskeleton. As a resu ...
... the KASH domain of ANC-1 is localized to the outer nuclear envelope by UNC-84. Digitonin extraction experiments show that human Syne-2 localizes to the outer nuclear envelope (14). ANC-1 would then extend away from the nucleus, where its NH2-terminus binds to the stable actin cytoskeleton. As a resu ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... Rapid tastant detection is necessary to prevent the ingestion of potentially poisonous compounds. Behavioral studies have shown that rats can identify tastants in ⬃200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigat ...
... Rapid tastant detection is necessary to prevent the ingestion of potentially poisonous compounds. Behavioral studies have shown that rats can identify tastants in ⬃200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigat ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... Rapid tastant detection is necessary to prevent the ingestion of potentially poisonous compounds. Behavioral studies have shown that rats can identify tastants in !200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigat ...
... Rapid tastant detection is necessary to prevent the ingestion of potentially poisonous compounds. Behavioral studies have shown that rats can identify tastants in !200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigat ...
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10:1
... experimentally. One approach is to rapidly change the location of a visual target just after movement begins (Georgopoulos, Kalaska, Caminiti, & Massey, 1983b; Georgopoulos, Kalaska, & Massey, 1981). This leads to a continuous change in the direction of hand movement from pointing toward the ªrst ta ...
... experimentally. One approach is to rapidly change the location of a visual target just after movement begins (Georgopoulos, Kalaska, Caminiti, & Massey, 1983b; Georgopoulos, Kalaska, & Massey, 1981). This leads to a continuous change in the direction of hand movement from pointing toward the ªrst ta ...
Vestibular System
... between the near and far ear. (Also, the pinna may modify sound coming from different directions, and the animal can move its ears and head to assist in sound localization.) ...
... between the near and far ear. (Also, the pinna may modify sound coming from different directions, and the animal can move its ears and head to assist in sound localization.) ...
The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord
... neuron has direct control over skeletal muscle fibers. Stimulation of the lowermotor neuron always has an excitatory effect on the skeletal muscle fibers. ...
... neuron has direct control over skeletal muscle fibers. Stimulation of the lowermotor neuron always has an excitatory effect on the skeletal muscle fibers. ...
formalin perfusion for correlative light- and
... at or near room temperature but in some cases was at 10-15 °C. I*1 t n e rats > anaesthetized with open ether, the perfusate was delivered by a 20 ml syringe and no. 1 needle via the left ventricle, the descending aorta being clamped and right atrium cut. About 20 ml were delivered over 2-3 min with ...
... at or near room temperature but in some cases was at 10-15 °C. I*1 t n e rats > anaesthetized with open ether, the perfusate was delivered by a 20 ml syringe and no. 1 needle via the left ventricle, the descending aorta being clamped and right atrium cut. About 20 ml were delivered over 2-3 min with ...
Modulation of Responses of Feline Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract
... glass micropipette was used (Engberg et al., 1972). The tips of the micropipettes were positioned less than 10 m apart under microscopic control but manipulated separately so that the micropipettes could be inserted individually into the spinal cord (for detailed description see Bras et al., 1989). ...
... glass micropipette was used (Engberg et al., 1972). The tips of the micropipettes were positioned less than 10 m apart under microscopic control but manipulated separately so that the micropipettes could be inserted individually into the spinal cord (for detailed description see Bras et al., 1989). ...