Axon Guidance
... • Growth cone is the navigator for axonal pathfinding. • Growth cones express surface receptors for guidance cues, and the receptors trigger regulation of growth cone motility to produce turns and navigation. • Local guidance cues change as an axon moves along its path. • Adhesive cues mark path ...
... • Growth cone is the navigator for axonal pathfinding. • Growth cones express surface receptors for guidance cues, and the receptors trigger regulation of growth cone motility to produce turns and navigation. • Local guidance cues change as an axon moves along its path. • Adhesive cues mark path ...
Spinal Cord Neural Modeling for Clinical Applications
... cutaneous A-β afferents, and this activation is restricted to those larger than a certain diameter (≥9.4 μm; see Table 1) and located most superficially (up to a maximum depth of 0.25 mm) (Feirabend et al., 2002; Holsheimer, 2002). A-β fibers are relatively large-diameter fibers (≈5-12 μm) (Cousins ...
... cutaneous A-β afferents, and this activation is restricted to those larger than a certain diameter (≥9.4 μm; see Table 1) and located most superficially (up to a maximum depth of 0.25 mm) (Feirabend et al., 2002; Holsheimer, 2002). A-β fibers are relatively large-diameter fibers (≈5-12 μm) (Cousins ...
Dopamine
... Therefore, unlike acute exposure to stressful or noxious stimuli, chronic stress actually attenuates DA neuron baseline activity. Such a decrease in baseline activity could enable the system to show a magnified response to activating stimuli, thereby producing a sensitized DA response. REGULATION OF ...
... Therefore, unlike acute exposure to stressful or noxious stimuli, chronic stress actually attenuates DA neuron baseline activity. Such a decrease in baseline activity could enable the system to show a magnified response to activating stimuli, thereby producing a sensitized DA response. REGULATION OF ...
A computational account for the ontogeny of mirror neurons via
... In the early 1990s, mirror neurons were discovered in the ventral premotor cortex of the macaque monkey (Di Pellegrino et al., 1992). These neurons fired both when the monkeys grabbed an object and when they watched another primate grab that same object. Mirror neuron-like activity has been observed ...
... In the early 1990s, mirror neurons were discovered in the ventral premotor cortex of the macaque monkey (Di Pellegrino et al., 1992). These neurons fired both when the monkeys grabbed an object and when they watched another primate grab that same object. Mirror neuron-like activity has been observed ...
Cortical Plasticity - Lund University Publications
... based on synaptic plasticity mainly depending on what is called LTP (long-term potentiation) of excitatory synapses following a Hebbian learning rule (Buonomano & Merzenich, 1998). At a synaptic level this means an increasing strength between synapses which fires together. At a higher neuronal level ...
... based on synaptic plasticity mainly depending on what is called LTP (long-term potentiation) of excitatory synapses following a Hebbian learning rule (Buonomano & Merzenich, 1998). At a synaptic level this means an increasing strength between synapses which fires together. At a higher neuronal level ...
PDF
... ligand in DV patterning of leech segmental ectoderm; this would be a stark contrast to most other species, where BMP2/4s are the principle ligands. Furthermore, in vertebrates and in planarian flatworms, antidorsalizing morphogenetic protein (ADMP) and BMP2/4 are expressed at poles of the DV axis an ...
... ligand in DV patterning of leech segmental ectoderm; this would be a stark contrast to most other species, where BMP2/4s are the principle ligands. Furthermore, in vertebrates and in planarian flatworms, antidorsalizing morphogenetic protein (ADMP) and BMP2/4 are expressed at poles of the DV axis an ...
The Fine Structure of Slow-Wave Sleep Oscillations: from Single
... movement (REM) sleep, EEG activities are desynchronized and resemble those of wakefulness. Finally, some pathological states also display clear-cut oscillations, such as the “spike-and-wave” patterns (∼3 Hz) characteristic of many types of generalized epileptic seizures. The cellular bases of slow-w ...
... movement (REM) sleep, EEG activities are desynchronized and resemble those of wakefulness. Finally, some pathological states also display clear-cut oscillations, such as the “spike-and-wave” patterns (∼3 Hz) characteristic of many types of generalized epileptic seizures. The cellular bases of slow-w ...
Head Direction Cells in the Postsubiculum Do Not Show Replay... Prior Waking Sequences During Sleep of spatial information. Postsubiculum neurons are
... replay much slower, at speeds comparable to stimulus presentation (Louie and Wilson, 2001). During waking behavior, combined recordings of both head direction cells and place cells show that they rotate together when visual cues are rotated (Knierim et al., 1995) suggesting that they function togeth ...
... replay much slower, at speeds comparable to stimulus presentation (Louie and Wilson, 2001). During waking behavior, combined recordings of both head direction cells and place cells show that they rotate together when visual cues are rotated (Knierim et al., 1995) suggesting that they function togeth ...
Document
... Research now looks at how natural opioids are produced by the brain, the pituitary gland, and other tissues in response to pain,stress, or other ...
... Research now looks at how natural opioids are produced by the brain, the pituitary gland, and other tissues in response to pain,stress, or other ...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Neural Plasticity Volume 2008, Article ID 658323, pages
... Entorhinal layer II stellate cells show prominent subthreshold membrane potential oscillations when depolarized near firing threshold [11, 12]. These are small oscillations of a few millivolts in amplitude that can influence the timing of action potentials [13] and can contribute to network oscillat ...
... Entorhinal layer II stellate cells show prominent subthreshold membrane potential oscillations when depolarized near firing threshold [11, 12]. These are small oscillations of a few millivolts in amplitude that can influence the timing of action potentials [13] and can contribute to network oscillat ...
Vesicular glutamate transporter 3
... The dorsal and median raphe nuclei (DR and MnR) are two of the major serotonin sources and innervate a multitude of targets throughout the central nervous system (CNS) via their ascending and descending pathways (Steinbusch, 1981, 1984). The serotonin system is involved in the control of various beh ...
... The dorsal and median raphe nuclei (DR and MnR) are two of the major serotonin sources and innervate a multitude of targets throughout the central nervous system (CNS) via their ascending and descending pathways (Steinbusch, 1981, 1984). The serotonin system is involved in the control of various beh ...
14 MOTOR NUCLEUS OF CRANIAL NERVE VII (MOTOR VII)
... I touched on some of the connections and functions of the cerebellum when discussing the accessory cuneate nucleus (POINT #5) and the inferior olivary complex (POINT # 6). There will also be several lectures on the cerebellum. Right now, you need to know that CORTICOPONTINE fibers convey information ...
... I touched on some of the connections and functions of the cerebellum when discussing the accessory cuneate nucleus (POINT #5) and the inferior olivary complex (POINT # 6). There will also be several lectures on the cerebellum. Right now, you need to know that CORTICOPONTINE fibers convey information ...
PDF
... very probable that lens induction occurs at a very early stage (open neural plate) and takes only a very short time (Woerdeman, 1952). The same may be the case in Xenopus. I see therefore no reason to admit that some amphibians must be excepted from the general rule that lens formation is produced b ...
... very probable that lens induction occurs at a very early stage (open neural plate) and takes only a very short time (Woerdeman, 1952). The same may be the case in Xenopus. I see therefore no reason to admit that some amphibians must be excepted from the general rule that lens formation is produced b ...
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord
... • spinal segment • is a part of the spinal cord, having one ventral and one dorsal root • the ventral and the dorsal roots join together and form the spinal nerve • spinal nerves get out of the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramina • the segmental level: • lower motor neuron cell bodies a ...
... • spinal segment • is a part of the spinal cord, having one ventral and one dorsal root • the ventral and the dorsal roots join together and form the spinal nerve • spinal nerves get out of the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramina • the segmental level: • lower motor neuron cell bodies a ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... The foregoing discussion well illustrates how knowledge of the details of thalamocortical projections can contribute significantly to our understanding of the organization of the cerebral cortex. An early proponent of this philosophy was A. E. Walker, whose own extensive studies of the primate thala ...
... The foregoing discussion well illustrates how knowledge of the details of thalamocortical projections can contribute significantly to our understanding of the organization of the cerebral cortex. An early proponent of this philosophy was A. E. Walker, whose own extensive studies of the primate thala ...
pdf file. - Harvard Vision Lab
... or saccadic, eye movements: corollary discharge about each saccade would permit the visual system to ignore saccade-induced visual changes6–9. The critical missing link has been the connection between corollary discharge and visual processing. Here we show that such a link is formed by a corollary d ...
... or saccadic, eye movements: corollary discharge about each saccade would permit the visual system to ignore saccade-induced visual changes6–9. The critical missing link has been the connection between corollary discharge and visual processing. Here we show that such a link is formed by a corollary d ...
The Structure and Plasticity of the Proximal Axon of Hippocampal
... molecules, with the exception of Ankyrin-G (AnkG). However, multipolar neurons regulate their intrinsic excitability via plastic changes in AIS length and location. Notably, understanding how the AIS plasticity is regulated may help understand its importance in neuro-pathologies like epilepsy, bipol ...
... molecules, with the exception of Ankyrin-G (AnkG). However, multipolar neurons regulate their intrinsic excitability via plastic changes in AIS length and location. Notably, understanding how the AIS plasticity is regulated may help understand its importance in neuro-pathologies like epilepsy, bipol ...
Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Guidance in the Mouse Optic Chiasm
... from the two optic nerves grow toward one another and either cross the ventral midline of the diencephalon (developing hypothalamus) or turn away from it, forming an x-shaped fiber pathway, the optic chiasm. Contralaterally projecting RGCs are distributed throughout the retina, whereas ipsilaterally ...
... from the two optic nerves grow toward one another and either cross the ventral midline of the diencephalon (developing hypothalamus) or turn away from it, forming an x-shaped fiber pathway, the optic chiasm. Contralaterally projecting RGCs are distributed throughout the retina, whereas ipsilaterally ...
A circular model for song motor control in Serinus canaria
... Song production in songbirds is controlled by a network of nuclei distributed across several brain regions, which drives respiratory and vocal motor systems to generate sound. We built a model for birdsong production, whose variables are the average activities of different neural populations within ...
... Song production in songbirds is controlled by a network of nuclei distributed across several brain regions, which drives respiratory and vocal motor systems to generate sound. We built a model for birdsong production, whose variables are the average activities of different neural populations within ...
The functional asymmetry of auditory cortex is reflected
... logy probing the circuitry of visual cortex, the first area in which microcircuitry was examined in detail. The introduction of laser scanning photostimulation (LSPS) has made it possible to examine the microcircuitry in other cortical areas with high efficiency. LSPS uses the photorelease of caged ...
... logy probing the circuitry of visual cortex, the first area in which microcircuitry was examined in detail. The introduction of laser scanning photostimulation (LSPS) has made it possible to examine the microcircuitry in other cortical areas with high efficiency. LSPS uses the photorelease of caged ...
Neuromuscular Transmission - Dr. Logothetis
... This occurs at specialized junctions called synapses connecting the communicating cells. There are two types of synapses: electrical and chemical. Electrical synapses are formed when cells are connected by structures called gap junctions. Gap junctions contain ion channels that permit ion currents t ...
... This occurs at specialized junctions called synapses connecting the communicating cells. There are two types of synapses: electrical and chemical. Electrical synapses are formed when cells are connected by structures called gap junctions. Gap junctions contain ion channels that permit ion currents t ...