population density
... a deer’s habitat if the density of the deer population decreases over a given time. What is that resources may be depleted or community may have changed due to arrival of a new predator Continue ...
... a deer’s habitat if the density of the deer population decreases over a given time. What is that resources may be depleted or community may have changed due to arrival of a new predator Continue ...
Aboveground Invertebrate Responses to Land Management
... Kemp et al. 1990, Oliver and Beattie 1993, New 1997). For example, Murphy and Wilcox (1986) found that butterßy diversity on habitat “islands” in the Great Basin Desert was more sensitive to local fragmentation than bird diversity, even though the regional diversity patterns of both groups were corr ...
... Kemp et al. 1990, Oliver and Beattie 1993, New 1997). For example, Murphy and Wilcox (1986) found that butterßy diversity on habitat “islands” in the Great Basin Desert was more sensitive to local fragmentation than bird diversity, even though the regional diversity patterns of both groups were corr ...
An experimental framework to identify community functional
... 4 Evaluating the relationship between CWM and FD: Depending on the species selected in step 2, a complete hump-shaped relationship between assemblage CWM and FD might not appear. This happens, for instance, when one species’ trait value is very dissimilar from the others’. In this case, most of the ...
... 4 Evaluating the relationship between CWM and FD: Depending on the species selected in step 2, a complete hump-shaped relationship between assemblage CWM and FD might not appear. This happens, for instance, when one species’ trait value is very dissimilar from the others’. In this case, most of the ...
calculating broad sense community heritability
... arthropods inhabiting North American cottonwoods (Populus), we show that when species comprising ecological communities are summarized using a multivariate statistical method, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), the resulting univariate scores can be analyzed using standard techniques for est ...
... arthropods inhabiting North American cottonwoods (Populus), we show that when species comprising ecological communities are summarized using a multivariate statistical method, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), the resulting univariate scores can be analyzed using standard techniques for est ...
Twenty-Five Years of Paradox in Plant-Herbivore
... because they self-regulate, through postingestive feed-back from toxins (36,38), their intake of plants. Thus, to obtain needed nutrients, herbivores must eat a variety of plant species that contain different kinds of toxins. In principle, herbivores should be able to do so because foods with differ ...
... because they self-regulate, through postingestive feed-back from toxins (36,38), their intake of plants. Thus, to obtain needed nutrients, herbivores must eat a variety of plant species that contain different kinds of toxins. In principle, herbivores should be able to do so because foods with differ ...
Biogeography and Zoogeography
... Biogeography = The study of the patterns of distribution of organisms, including both extant and extinct species. ...
... Biogeography = The study of the patterns of distribution of organisms, including both extant and extinct species. ...
Chesson, P., Pacala, S., Neuhauser, C. 2001. Environmental niches
... promotes species coexistence. It says that species with even identical resource requirements may coexist when there are appropriate differences between their temporal patterns of use of resources (Grubb 1977; Chesson and Warner 1981; Abrams 1984; Shmida and Ellner 1984; Brown 1989; Loreau 1992; Ches ...
... promotes species coexistence. It says that species with even identical resource requirements may coexist when there are appropriate differences between their temporal patterns of use of resources (Grubb 1977; Chesson and Warner 1981; Abrams 1984; Shmida and Ellner 1984; Brown 1989; Loreau 1992; Ches ...
Review of science-based assessments of species vulnerability
... importance of factors that contribute to the vulnerability of species is evaluated and converted to a numerical index, which is summed to produce a final vulnerability index (Table 1). The index can be applied to multiple species in areas on the scale of parks or refuges (NatureServe 2010). Exposure ...
... importance of factors that contribute to the vulnerability of species is evaluated and converted to a numerical index, which is summed to produce a final vulnerability index (Table 1). The index can be applied to multiple species in areas on the scale of parks or refuges (NatureServe 2010). Exposure ...
Biogeomorphic Impacts of Invasive Species
... significant impacts on geomorphological processes and landforms, while landforms and surface processes are in turn critical aspects of habitat for organisms. It has long been recognized that landforms and organisms influence each other. However, the rise of biogeomorphology in recent years reflects the ...
... significant impacts on geomorphological processes and landforms, while landforms and surface processes are in turn critical aspects of habitat for organisms. It has long been recognized that landforms and organisms influence each other. However, the rise of biogeomorphology in recent years reflects the ...
Species Coexistence and Pathogens with
... spread of the pathogen in any one particular host population. Similar results were obtained by a recent study by Dobson (2004) on disease prevalence in multihost systems. Thus, elimination of one or more of these host species, or even a reduction in the population size of one of the species (e.g., t ...
... spread of the pathogen in any one particular host population. Similar results were obtained by a recent study by Dobson (2004) on disease prevalence in multihost systems. Thus, elimination of one or more of these host species, or even a reduction in the population size of one of the species (e.g., t ...
Patterns in the structure of Asian and North American desert small
... expected. These results appear to reflect strong habitat selection, with positive associations among species that share similar habitat requirements in these communities. Our analyses support earlier reports suggesting that predation and abiotic forces may have greater influences on the assembly and ...
... expected. These results appear to reflect strong habitat selection, with positive associations among species that share similar habitat requirements in these communities. Our analyses support earlier reports suggesting that predation and abiotic forces may have greater influences on the assembly and ...
Review of harvest incentives to control invasive species
... support ecosystem and natural resource management while simultaneously boosting economic development and environmental awareness. However, if used incorrectly, negative consequences such as further spread can occur. Success depends on interactions between the species, its invasive range, and socioec ...
... support ecosystem and natural resource management while simultaneously boosting economic development and environmental awareness. However, if used incorrectly, negative consequences such as further spread can occur. Success depends on interactions between the species, its invasive range, and socioec ...
Equal partnership: two trematode species, not one, manipulate the
... Discussion Bivalves commonly serve as second intermediate hosts for more than one trematode species. For instance, the European cockle, Cerastoderma edule, harbours metacercariae of many trematodes, including several species of the echinostome genus Himasthla (Lauckner, 1983). In such situations, di ...
... Discussion Bivalves commonly serve as second intermediate hosts for more than one trematode species. For instance, the European cockle, Cerastoderma edule, harbours metacercariae of many trematodes, including several species of the echinostome genus Himasthla (Lauckner, 1983). In such situations, di ...
Global climate change, range changes and potential implications for
... as a result of climate change. Cooler water-limited (CWL) species: CWL species occur from the ice-edges of polar waters to waters of a specific temperature range (see Fig. 1A for a theoretical example). As a result, it is likely that the ranges of these species are restricted only by warmer water te ...
... as a result of climate change. Cooler water-limited (CWL) species: CWL species occur from the ice-edges of polar waters to waters of a specific temperature range (see Fig. 1A for a theoretical example). As a result, it is likely that the ranges of these species are restricted only by warmer water te ...
Facilitative interactions among aquatic invaders
... Abstract: A widely cited hypothesis in ecology is that species-rich communities are less vulnerable to invasion than species-poor ones, owing to competition for limiting resources (the “biotic resistance” model). However, evidence for biotic resistance in aquatic ecosystems is equivocal. Contrary to ...
... Abstract: A widely cited hypothesis in ecology is that species-rich communities are less vulnerable to invasion than species-poor ones, owing to competition for limiting resources (the “biotic resistance” model). However, evidence for biotic resistance in aquatic ecosystems is equivocal. Contrary to ...
Spartina anglica - Washington State University
... • What processes recycle vital chemical elements, such as nitrogen, in a savanna ecosystem • What factors influence the diversity of tree species that make up a particular forest ...
... • What processes recycle vital chemical elements, such as nitrogen, in a savanna ecosystem • What factors influence the diversity of tree species that make up a particular forest ...
Understanding Our Environment
... species will occupy the same niche and compete for exactly the same resources for an extended period of time. One will either migrate, become extinct, or partition the resource and utilize a sub-set of the same resource. - Given resource can only be partitioned a finite number of times. Cunningham ...
... species will occupy the same niche and compete for exactly the same resources for an extended period of time. One will either migrate, become extinct, or partition the resource and utilize a sub-set of the same resource. - Given resource can only be partitioned a finite number of times. Cunningham ...
Community 1 A
... Competition • Interspecific competition (–/– interaction) occurs when species compete for a resource in short supply – Strong competition can lead to competitive exclusion, local elimination of a competing species – Competitive Exclusion Principle: two species competing for the same limiting resour ...
... Competition • Interspecific competition (–/– interaction) occurs when species compete for a resource in short supply – Strong competition can lead to competitive exclusion, local elimination of a competing species – Competitive Exclusion Principle: two species competing for the same limiting resour ...
Nature New South Wales
... a landscape that has been managed and modified for millennia? Anyone visiting Ireland is struck by the variety of landscapes that are crammed into a small island - human managed landscapes of tended farmlands, not to mention a growing urban landscape, particularly over the last 20 years, but also so ...
... a landscape that has been managed and modified for millennia? Anyone visiting Ireland is struck by the variety of landscapes that are crammed into a small island - human managed landscapes of tended farmlands, not to mention a growing urban landscape, particularly over the last 20 years, but also so ...
Alternative states and positive feedbacks in restoration ecology
... There is increasing interest in developing better predictive tools and a broader conceptual framework to guide the restoration of degraded land. Traditionally, restoration efforts have focused on re-establishing historical disturbance regimes or abiotic conditions, relying on successional processes ...
... There is increasing interest in developing better predictive tools and a broader conceptual framework to guide the restoration of degraded land. Traditionally, restoration efforts have focused on re-establishing historical disturbance regimes or abiotic conditions, relying on successional processes ...
Parasites, diversity and the ecosystem.
... emission and the dogs, searching by scent, can locate these grouse significantly more frequently than individual who have had their worms experimentally removed (Hudson et al 1992b). Incorporating this selective predation into a model of parasite-host interaction predicts an increase in the host pop ...
... emission and the dogs, searching by scent, can locate these grouse significantly more frequently than individual who have had their worms experimentally removed (Hudson et al 1992b). Incorporating this selective predation into a model of parasite-host interaction predicts an increase in the host pop ...
Ecology and Evolution Affect Network Structure
... early analyses of network topology used network statistics (e.g., connectivity, nestedness) that considered only binary connections between species, that is, a presence/absence interaction matrix (but see Vazquez et al. 2007). However, an analysis of network properties based on an index of reciproca ...
... early analyses of network topology used network statistics (e.g., connectivity, nestedness) that considered only binary connections between species, that is, a presence/absence interaction matrix (but see Vazquez et al. 2007). However, an analysis of network properties based on an index of reciproca ...
When are alternative stable states more likely to occur?
... tend to be more similar to each other than expected by chance alone’’ (drawn from p. 410 of Didham et al. 2005), and (ii) that ‘‘these species will be more likely to resist displacement by newly-arriving propagules that share very similar traits’’ (drawn from p. 411), resulting in alternative stable ...
... tend to be more similar to each other than expected by chance alone’’ (drawn from p. 410 of Didham et al. 2005), and (ii) that ‘‘these species will be more likely to resist displacement by newly-arriving propagules that share very similar traits’’ (drawn from p. 411), resulting in alternative stable ...
Rapid human-induced divergence of life
... abundance in disturbed habitats, because they can tolerate or adapt to new environmental ...
... abundance in disturbed habitats, because they can tolerate or adapt to new environmental ...
Are there general laws in parasite community - MiVEGEC
... 1998a). Local communities like those of macroparasites in fish populations or microbes in human populations assemble themselves from this regional pool through a series of filters (see Fig. 2.1). Differences in host population size and density or the spatial arrangement of host population habitat pa ...
... 1998a). Local communities like those of macroparasites in fish populations or microbes in human populations assemble themselves from this regional pool through a series of filters (see Fig. 2.1). Differences in host population size and density or the spatial arrangement of host population habitat pa ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.