Insect Ecology
... one taxonomic group (or area) to another unrelated group (or area), or use a hierarchical scaling ratio, extrapolated from a subgroup (or subordinate area) to a more inclusive group (or wider area). ...
... one taxonomic group (or area) to another unrelated group (or area), or use a hierarchical scaling ratio, extrapolated from a subgroup (or subordinate area) to a more inclusive group (or wider area). ...
primary consumer - FreshmanBiology
... 37.2 Interspecific interactions are fundamental to community structure Interspecific competition occurs when populations of two different species compete for the same limited resource. – In mutualism, both populations benefit. – In predation, one species (the predator) kills and eats another (the ...
... 37.2 Interspecific interactions are fundamental to community structure Interspecific competition occurs when populations of two different species compete for the same limited resource. – In mutualism, both populations benefit. – In predation, one species (the predator) kills and eats another (the ...
Unveiling a mechanism for species decline in fragmented habitats
... radius rv). However, for quantitative estimations in a concrete situation, it would be important to have an idea of a minimum possible size for a fragment in that particular case. All these assumptions reflect our goal with this study: we want to understand the ‘macroscopic’ or average effects of fr ...
... radius rv). However, for quantitative estimations in a concrete situation, it would be important to have an idea of a minimum possible size for a fragment in that particular case. All these assumptions reflect our goal with this study: we want to understand the ‘macroscopic’ or average effects of fr ...
Meta-ecosystems: a theoretical framework for a spatial ecosystem
... be sources whereas others must be sinks in each ecosystem. Thus, this equation can be interpreted as a source–sink constraint between ecosystem compartments. The combination of the two types of source–sink constraints (within and between ecosystem compartments) imposes a specific pattern of circulat ...
... be sources whereas others must be sinks in each ecosystem. Thus, this equation can be interpreted as a source–sink constraint between ecosystem compartments. The combination of the two types of source–sink constraints (within and between ecosystem compartments) imposes a specific pattern of circulat ...
Competition hierarchy, transitivity and additivity: investigating the
... Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany e-mail: [email protected] ...
... Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany e-mail: [email protected] ...
October - Australasian Wildlife Management Society
... study on tree gecko (Gehyra variegata) thermal ecology at Fowlers Gap (probably not the most exotic of destinations, but the geckos seem to prefer it out there). As he said in his application he “hopes to gain insights on thermoregulation in lizards in general and how they would respond in a changin ...
... study on tree gecko (Gehyra variegata) thermal ecology at Fowlers Gap (probably not the most exotic of destinations, but the geckos seem to prefer it out there). As he said in his application he “hopes to gain insights on thermoregulation in lizards in general and how they would respond in a changin ...
Can We Guarantee the Safety of Genetically Engineered Organisms
... of toxic, broad-spectrum herbicides may be needed and crop injury reduced (e.g. to control grasses among wheat or com plants). Microbial applications include engineered bacteria and fungi which improve soil quality by fixing nitrogen or releasing limiting nutrients, parasitizing weed species, cleani ...
... of toxic, broad-spectrum herbicides may be needed and crop injury reduced (e.g. to control grasses among wheat or com plants). Microbial applications include engineered bacteria and fungi which improve soil quality by fixing nitrogen or releasing limiting nutrients, parasitizing weed species, cleani ...
Interspecific competition in metapopulations
... species, regardless of, for example, population sizes and dispersal, and extinction events are assumed to be uncorrelated between patches. The effects of relaxing the assumptions A3 and A4 have been discussed by Hanski (1983, 1985). A5. Colonization of empty patches is usually considered to occur ra ...
... species, regardless of, for example, population sizes and dispersal, and extinction events are assumed to be uncorrelated between patches. The effects of relaxing the assumptions A3 and A4 have been discussed by Hanski (1983, 1985). A5. Colonization of empty patches is usually considered to occur ra ...
Macroevolution, Minimalism, and The Radiation of the Animals
... important in explaining, for example, patterns of survival in mass extinction events, the case for its importance remains to be made. In contrast, as we shall see in considering the origins and elaboration of multicellularity, some form of group selection is almost certainly important in driving maj ...
... important in explaining, for example, patterns of survival in mass extinction events, the case for its importance remains to be made. In contrast, as we shall see in considering the origins and elaboration of multicellularity, some form of group selection is almost certainly important in driving maj ...
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
... waxy coating. It is composed of cephalothorax (fused head and thorax) and an abdomen. Dorsally and laterally the covering of cephalothorax includes frontal, gastric, branchial and cardiac regions. Crabs have ten jointed appendages, including two large claws for food capture called chelipeds, and eig ...
... waxy coating. It is composed of cephalothorax (fused head and thorax) and an abdomen. Dorsally and laterally the covering of cephalothorax includes frontal, gastric, branchial and cardiac regions. Crabs have ten jointed appendages, including two large claws for food capture called chelipeds, and eig ...
Dankiv Y.Y., Ostapyuk M.Y., Ostapyuk P.Y., ENVIRONMENTAL
... In the conditions of Ukraine's integration into the European and world market and the transition to international standards of accounting and reporting, countries timidly begin to practice the development of ecological policy. However, there have not been elaborated the standards and regulations th ...
... In the conditions of Ukraine's integration into the European and world market and the transition to international standards of accounting and reporting, countries timidly begin to practice the development of ecological policy. However, there have not been elaborated the standards and regulations th ...
Food Webs, Models and Species Extinctions in a
... community structure and species interactions interact and affect the risk of extinction of single species needs to be increased. Thus the primary aim of the present thesis is to study this interaction and contribute to a theoretical basis for the identification of extinction prone species. In paper ...
... community structure and species interactions interact and affect the risk of extinction of single species needs to be increased. Thus the primary aim of the present thesis is to study this interaction and contribute to a theoretical basis for the identification of extinction prone species. In paper ...
D 56. Shachak et al. 2008. Woody sp.as landscape modulators
... dynamics? In addressing these questions, we will elaborate on the concept of organisms as landscape modulators, use vegetation pattern formation theory to relate landscape modulation and landscape diversity, and provide a conceptual model for the dynamics of species richness and the formation of spe ...
... dynamics? In addressing these questions, we will elaborate on the concept of organisms as landscape modulators, use vegetation pattern formation theory to relate landscape modulation and landscape diversity, and provide a conceptual model for the dynamics of species richness and the formation of spe ...
Competition
... • When the two species occur together, G. fuliginosa has a much narrower beak that G fortis. Sympatric populations of G fuliginosa eats smaller seeds than G fortis: they partition the resource. • When found on separate islands, both species have beaks of intermediate size, and exploit a wider variet ...
... • When the two species occur together, G. fuliginosa has a much narrower beak that G fortis. Sympatric populations of G fuliginosa eats smaller seeds than G fortis: they partition the resource. • When found on separate islands, both species have beaks of intermediate size, and exploit a wider variet ...
Arion vulgaris - the aetiology of an invasive species
... either external appearance or genital morphology. Molecular analyses have confirmed that A. vulgaris and A. lusitanicus are actually two different species (QUINTEIRO et al. 2005). These findings caused researchers to use the name A. vulgaris which was proposed by FALKNER et al. (2002). Consequently, ...
... either external appearance or genital morphology. Molecular analyses have confirmed that A. vulgaris and A. lusitanicus are actually two different species (QUINTEIRO et al. 2005). These findings caused researchers to use the name A. vulgaris which was proposed by FALKNER et al. (2002). Consequently, ...
270-275 - University of Oklahoma
... far not well understood. A costly behavioral adaptation, aquatic surface respiration (ASR), where fish exploit the air–water interface, has been shown to be crucial for the survival in sulfidic water (Plath et al., submitted). Other fish are able to detoxify sulfide to some extent, e.g. by oxidizing ...
... far not well understood. A costly behavioral adaptation, aquatic surface respiration (ASR), where fish exploit the air–water interface, has been shown to be crucial for the survival in sulfidic water (Plath et al., submitted). Other fish are able to detoxify sulfide to some extent, e.g. by oxidizing ...
Untitled - Bio
... • an up-dating and redrawing of all artwork, which is also available to teachers on a CD-ROM for ease of incorporation into lecture material. ...
... • an up-dating and redrawing of all artwork, which is also available to teachers on a CD-ROM for ease of incorporation into lecture material. ...
Interactive Teacher Edition: Community Ecology
... evolved a range of chemical defenses that are poisonous, irritating, or bad-tasting. These chemicals are often byproducts of the plants’ metabolism and are called secondary compounds. Some examples of secondary compounds that provide a defensive function are strychnine (STRIK-nin), which is produced ...
... evolved a range of chemical defenses that are poisonous, irritating, or bad-tasting. These chemicals are often byproducts of the plants’ metabolism and are called secondary compounds. Some examples of secondary compounds that provide a defensive function are strychnine (STRIK-nin), which is produced ...
Effects of species diversity on the primary productivity of ecosystems
... The number of studies examining how species diversity influences the productivity of ecosystems has increased dramatically in the past decade as concern about global loss of biodiversity has intensified. Research to date has greatly improved our understanding of how, when, and why species loss alter ...
... The number of studies examining how species diversity influences the productivity of ecosystems has increased dramatically in the past decade as concern about global loss of biodiversity has intensified. Research to date has greatly improved our understanding of how, when, and why species loss alter ...
Conservation and restoration of plant
... that upon arrival, for successful establishment, plants that rely on outcrossing will often have to ‘fit’ with some of the few available pollinators. Thus, even though no data are yet available to demonstrate this, plants with generalist syndromes could be expected to have a higher probability of ini ...
... that upon arrival, for successful establishment, plants that rely on outcrossing will often have to ‘fit’ with some of the few available pollinators. Thus, even though no data are yet available to demonstrate this, plants with generalist syndromes could be expected to have a higher probability of ini ...
Rethinking Adaptation the niche
... are rarely considered in evolutionary analyses. Yet all living creatures, through their metabolism, their activities, and their choices, partly create and partly destroy their own niches, on scales ranging from the extremely local to the global. To varying degrees, organisms choose habitats and reso ...
... are rarely considered in evolutionary analyses. Yet all living creatures, through their metabolism, their activities, and their choices, partly create and partly destroy their own niches, on scales ranging from the extremely local to the global. To varying degrees, organisms choose habitats and reso ...
Niche differentiation, rarity, and commonness in the Australian White
... 2006. The offspring comprised a male (140gms) and a female (142gms) and were estimated to be approximately 70 days old based on the reproductive condition of the female parent two captures previously. All three individuals were released together at their trap locations with cotton spools attached. M ...
... 2006. The offspring comprised a male (140gms) and a female (142gms) and were estimated to be approximately 70 days old based on the reproductive condition of the female parent two captures previously. All three individuals were released together at their trap locations with cotton spools attached. M ...
05_3eTIF
... 4) Is a carrying capacity a fixed entity? Discuss the role of humans in regulating carrying capacity for the human species and in altering the carrying capacity for other species. Answer: While all organisms are subject to environmental resistance, they may be capable of altering their environment ...
... 4) Is a carrying capacity a fixed entity? Discuss the role of humans in regulating carrying capacity for the human species and in altering the carrying capacity for other species. Answer: While all organisms are subject to environmental resistance, they may be capable of altering their environment ...
Fungal ecology: principles and mechanisms of colonization
... the resource by the initial colonisers. Competition for territory may involve highly specialised ...
... the resource by the initial colonisers. Competition for territory may involve highly specialised ...
Chapter 6: Dimension 3: Disciplinary Core Ideas—Life Sciences
... molecular biology and genetics). It describes how variation of genetically determined traits in a population may give some members a reproductive advantage in a given environment. This natural selection can lead to adaptation, that is, to a distribution of traits in the population that is matched to ...
... molecular biology and genetics). It describes how variation of genetically determined traits in a population may give some members a reproductive advantage in a given environment. This natural selection can lead to adaptation, that is, to a distribution of traits in the population that is matched to ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.