Chapter 6: Dimension 3: Disciplinary Core Ideas—Life Sciences
... molecular biology and genetics). It describes how variation of genetically determined traits in a population may give some members a reproductive advantage in a given environment. This natural selection can lead to adaptation, that is, to a distribution of traits in the population that is matched to ...
... molecular biology and genetics). It describes how variation of genetically determined traits in a population may give some members a reproductive advantage in a given environment. This natural selection can lead to adaptation, that is, to a distribution of traits in the population that is matched to ...
... departure of a chosen migratory species. Plot these dates against seasonal 'temperature days' or each period. If the birds have adjusted their arrival/departure in line with 'temperature day' change they have adjusted appropriately. If not then it shows the potential folly for the species as they ar ...
Comparative ecology of desert small mammals: a
... literature, I focus my efforts on 4 themes: competition compared with predation; the influence of biotic and abiotic factors; assemblage structure and composition; and food hoarding and the role that small mammals have in regulating vegetative ecology and habitat structure. Increased understanding o ...
... literature, I focus my efforts on 4 themes: competition compared with predation; the influence of biotic and abiotic factors; assemblage structure and composition; and food hoarding and the role that small mammals have in regulating vegetative ecology and habitat structure. Increased understanding o ...
2012-13 in Review - Department of Environment, Land, Water and
... ‘A New Strategic Approach to Biodiversity Management’ project (shortened to the Forest Biodiversity project) was established to develop an effective landscape approach to the management of threatened species throughout the forests of eastern Victoria. The aim of the research component of the project ...
... ‘A New Strategic Approach to Biodiversity Management’ project (shortened to the Forest Biodiversity project) was established to develop an effective landscape approach to the management of threatened species throughout the forests of eastern Victoria. The aim of the research component of the project ...
Maureen McClung - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... which are subject to several problems. Hutchinson (1958) himself identified the pitfalls in his theory when he first introduced the n-dimensional hypervolume. His theory assumes the niche to be equally optimal in all areas, however it is inevitably suboptimal near borders. It also assumes that all e ...
... which are subject to several problems. Hutchinson (1958) himself identified the pitfalls in his theory when he first introduced the n-dimensional hypervolume. His theory assumes the niche to be equally optimal in all areas, however it is inevitably suboptimal near borders. It also assumes that all e ...
Effects of shortterm warming on low and high latitude forest ant
... also may be more pronounced at high latitudes (Pelini et al. 2009). Although individual organisms at low latitudes may be more sensitive to climatic change than those at high latitudes, ecological communities at low latitudes could be more resilient to environmental change because they are generally ...
... also may be more pronounced at high latitudes (Pelini et al. 2009). Although individual organisms at low latitudes may be more sensitive to climatic change than those at high latitudes, ecological communities at low latitudes could be more resilient to environmental change because they are generally ...
Species Abundance, Not Diet Breadth, Drives the Persistence of the
... but instead are more abundant in human-disturbed habitats. This is true in forested biomes generally (Winfree et al. 2011), in our previous work in this region (Winfree and Kremen 2009), and in the present study (fig. A2). The presence of such disturbance-associated species would hinder our ability ...
... but instead are more abundant in human-disturbed habitats. This is true in forested biomes generally (Winfree et al. 2011), in our previous work in this region (Winfree and Kremen 2009), and in the present study (fig. A2). The presence of such disturbance-associated species would hinder our ability ...
Teach Ecological Concepts With Mud Dauber Nests
... measuring and recording data as they proceed. Cell compartments should be examined one at a time, and the contents removed with forceps. The contents of each cell should be placed in a separate vial or other container. (The compartments of an egg carton work well). With the aid of low (from 10x to 4 ...
... measuring and recording data as they proceed. Cell compartments should be examined one at a time, and the contents removed with forceps. The contents of each cell should be placed in a separate vial or other container. (The compartments of an egg carton work well). With the aid of low (from 10x to 4 ...
Non-random biodiversity loss underlies predictable increases in
... typical for directly transmitted diseases with a narrow host range and diseases transmitted by ‘sit-and-wait’ vectors (e.g. ticks), biodiversity can alter infection prevalence through a change in the absolute abundance of hosts and vectors [22,29 –31]. The prevalence of generalist parasites with vec ...
... typical for directly transmitted diseases with a narrow host range and diseases transmitted by ‘sit-and-wait’ vectors (e.g. ticks), biodiversity can alter infection prevalence through a change in the absolute abundance of hosts and vectors [22,29 –31]. The prevalence of generalist parasites with vec ...
Phytoplankton chytridiomycosis: fungal parasites of phytoplankton
... Parasitism is one of the earlier and common ecological interactions in the nature, occurring in almost all environments. Microbial parasites typically are characterized by their small size, short generation time, and high rates of reproduction, with simple life cycle occurring generally within a sin ...
... Parasitism is one of the earlier and common ecological interactions in the nature, occurring in almost all environments. Microbial parasites typically are characterized by their small size, short generation time, and high rates of reproduction, with simple life cycle occurring generally within a sin ...
file
... into phenotypically intermediate offspring. Given observed patterns of resemblance between parents and offspring, blending inheritance may seem intuitively reasonable, as it did to many of Charles Darwin’s contemporaries. This mode of inheritance, however, posed problems for Darwin’s theory of natur ...
... into phenotypically intermediate offspring. Given observed patterns of resemblance between parents and offspring, blending inheritance may seem intuitively reasonable, as it did to many of Charles Darwin’s contemporaries. This mode of inheritance, however, posed problems for Darwin’s theory of natur ...
Comparative Cryptogam Ecology: A Review of Bryophyte and
... which ample data are available, these are often qualitative rather than quantitative (e.g. secondary metabolites, colours) and their relationships to ecosystem functions have been poorly tested, if at all. While not ignoring response traits, we shall give particular emphasis to effect traits and the ...
... which ample data are available, these are often qualitative rather than quantitative (e.g. secondary metabolites, colours) and their relationships to ecosystem functions have been poorly tested, if at all. While not ignoring response traits, we shall give particular emphasis to effect traits and the ...
Towards a cohesive, holistic view of top predation: a definition
... powerful demonstrations of its application to large predators (Wootton and Bell 1992, Lahaye et al. 1994). This has directed much research towards spatial issues such as minimum habitat requirements, population viability analysis and the role of corridors for population persistence. Meanwhile, sever ...
... powerful demonstrations of its application to large predators (Wootton and Bell 1992, Lahaye et al. 1994). This has directed much research towards spatial issues such as minimum habitat requirements, population viability analysis and the role of corridors for population persistence. Meanwhile, sever ...
bivalve aquaculture and exotic species: a review of ecological
... Although often understandable in hindsight, the influence of exotic bivalves on the functioning of the benthic and/or intertidal ecosystem is very difficult to predict. Branch and Steffani (2004) provide an excellent review of one case (M. galloprovincialis in South Africa). In short, their findings su ...
... Although often understandable in hindsight, the influence of exotic bivalves on the functioning of the benthic and/or intertidal ecosystem is very difficult to predict. Branch and Steffani (2004) provide an excellent review of one case (M. galloprovincialis in South Africa). In short, their findings su ...
TIEE Issues Submission Form - Teaching Issues and Experiments in
... institutional scales (majors vs. non-majors, intro or upper division courses), other geographies or study species, students with disabilities, and how well it would work in pre-college environments. Note: this is a shortened version of the text in the last subsection of Part 4, below> Acknowledgemen ...
... institutional scales (majors vs. non-majors, intro or upper division courses), other geographies or study species, students with disabilities, and how well it would work in pre-college environments. Note: this is a shortened version of the text in the last subsection of Part 4, below> Acknowledgemen ...
Macroecological patterns of species richness in parasite assemblages
... richness is the issue of causality. It is not straightforward to identify which of these factors matters the most because they are usually highly correlated with one another: for instance, largebodied hosts are also long-lived and they tend to occur at lower population densities. Even if the main co ...
... richness is the issue of causality. It is not straightforward to identify which of these factors matters the most because they are usually highly correlated with one another: for instance, largebodied hosts are also long-lived and they tend to occur at lower population densities. Even if the main co ...
6 Key Ecological Functions of wildlife Species
... goals for BPS can help establish management guidelines; and that management activities influence species’ key environmental correlates. The term “key environmental correlate” refers to wildlife habitats, habitat elements, and other nonhabitat influences on the distribution and abundance of organisms ...
... goals for BPS can help establish management guidelines; and that management activities influence species’ key environmental correlates. The term “key environmental correlate” refers to wildlife habitats, habitat elements, and other nonhabitat influences on the distribution and abundance of organisms ...
The abstract booklet can be downloaded here
... Ecological niche modelling and phylogeography of two sister species with different thermal ranges Estimating trophic complexity of predator-‐prey interactions in a fragmented landscape using complex network and spe ...
... Ecological niche modelling and phylogeography of two sister species with different thermal ranges Estimating trophic complexity of predator-‐prey interactions in a fragmented landscape using complex network and spe ...
Facilitative or competitive effects of woody plants on understorey
... productivity, we searched the ISI Web of Knowledge data base (1945– 2012) using a combination of the keywords: ‘tree’, ‘woody’, ‘shrub’, ‘bush’, ‘encroachment’, ‘thickening’, ‘biomass’, ‘productivity’ and ‘dry matter’. We also considered any studies cited in references, including those cited in Dohn ...
... productivity, we searched the ISI Web of Knowledge data base (1945– 2012) using a combination of the keywords: ‘tree’, ‘woody’, ‘shrub’, ‘bush’, ‘encroachment’, ‘thickening’, ‘biomass’, ‘productivity’ and ‘dry matter’. We also considered any studies cited in references, including those cited in Dohn ...
The impact of floral larceny on individuals, populations, and
... Floral larceny and natural selection The evolution of floral traits surely must be understood, in part, with reference to pollinators. But from the plant's perspective, the selection environment includes larcenists, and other plant enemies, as well as mutualists. To date we have precious few estimat ...
... Floral larceny and natural selection The evolution of floral traits surely must be understood, in part, with reference to pollinators. But from the plant's perspective, the selection environment includes larcenists, and other plant enemies, as well as mutualists. To date we have precious few estimat ...
population density
... a deer’s habitat if the density of the deer population decreases over a given time. What is that resources may be depleted or community may have changed due to arrival of a new predator Continue ...
... a deer’s habitat if the density of the deer population decreases over a given time. What is that resources may be depleted or community may have changed due to arrival of a new predator Continue ...
An experimental framework to identify community functional
... 4 Evaluating the relationship between CWM and FD: Depending on the species selected in step 2, a complete hump-shaped relationship between assemblage CWM and FD might not appear. This happens, for instance, when one species’ trait value is very dissimilar from the others’. In this case, most of the ...
... 4 Evaluating the relationship between CWM and FD: Depending on the species selected in step 2, a complete hump-shaped relationship between assemblage CWM and FD might not appear. This happens, for instance, when one species’ trait value is very dissimilar from the others’. In this case, most of the ...
calculating broad sense community heritability
... arthropods inhabiting North American cottonwoods (Populus), we show that when species comprising ecological communities are summarized using a multivariate statistical method, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), the resulting univariate scores can be analyzed using standard techniques for est ...
... arthropods inhabiting North American cottonwoods (Populus), we show that when species comprising ecological communities are summarized using a multivariate statistical method, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), the resulting univariate scores can be analyzed using standard techniques for est ...
American Scientist - Department of Neurobiology and Behavior
... have been especially aware of the boom and bust cycle because they fed acorns to livestock. Although records are sparse, historical economic data have been used to infer the size of acorn crops from as far back as the mid-17th century. Only recently, however, have scientists begun to recognize the g ...
... have been especially aware of the boom and bust cycle because they fed acorns to livestock. Although records are sparse, historical economic data have been used to infer the size of acorn crops from as far back as the mid-17th century. Only recently, however, have scientists begun to recognize the g ...
boughman 2002 tree sensory drive and speciation
... food [17] or detecting predators, which might be cryptic rather than conspicuous [18–20]. Because of local adaptation in perception (perceptual tuning), females are more sensitive to some sound frequencies, wavelengths of light, or smells than they are to others. The structure of peripheral sensory ...
... food [17] or detecting predators, which might be cryptic rather than conspicuous [18–20]. Because of local adaptation in perception (perceptual tuning), females are more sensitive to some sound frequencies, wavelengths of light, or smells than they are to others. The structure of peripheral sensory ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.