Energetic Adaptations Along a Broad Latitudinal Gradient
... in the survival of these initiaUy abundant offspring strongly affect the re.!otive size of a cohort within a population (figure I b; Cowan et al. 2000). Hence, the influence of these species on communities and ecosystems is determined by subtle differences in the success of a relatively smaU percent ...
... in the survival of these initiaUy abundant offspring strongly affect the re.!otive size of a cohort within a population (figure I b; Cowan et al. 2000). Hence, the influence of these species on communities and ecosystems is determined by subtle differences in the success of a relatively smaU percent ...
insight review articles - Montana State University
... number of ways in which ranges can be distributed changes systematically between the bounds. Thus, whereas species with latitudinal midpoints midway between the bounds can extend a little or a long way before those bounds are encountered, those with midpoints close to the bounds can extend only a li ...
... number of ways in which ranges can be distributed changes systematically between the bounds. Thus, whereas species with latitudinal midpoints midway between the bounds can extend a little or a long way before those bounds are encountered, those with midpoints close to the bounds can extend only a li ...
Nonrandom extinction patterns can modulate pest control service
... capacity after all iterations of species loss. We repeated this process a total of 10 times with a different random realization of pests each time. We then took the average reduction from carrying capacity of the 10 random realizations as our final measure of pest control provision. For each communit ...
... capacity after all iterations of species loss. We repeated this process a total of 10 times with a different random realization of pests each time. We then took the average reduction from carrying capacity of the 10 random realizations as our final measure of pest control provision. For each communit ...
ECOLOGICAL MECHANISMS LINKING PROTECTED AREAS TO
... nutrient cycling may extent outside park boundaries (Grumbine 1990). Because protected areas were often designated based on factors other than ecological completeness, such as scenic value (Pressey 1994, Scott et al. 2001), they sometimes do not include the areas required to maintain disturbance reg ...
... nutrient cycling may extent outside park boundaries (Grumbine 1990). Because protected areas were often designated based on factors other than ecological completeness, such as scenic value (Pressey 1994, Scott et al. 2001), they sometimes do not include the areas required to maintain disturbance reg ...
Seaside Bird`s-foot Lotus (Lotus formosissimus)
... Are the causes of the decline clearly reversible and understood and ceased? Are there extreme fluctuations in number of mature individuals? Extent and Occupancy Information Estimated extent of occurrence Actual EO of 4 km² has been changed to the value of the IAO as per COSEWIC convention when EO is ...
... Are the causes of the decline clearly reversible and understood and ceased? Are there extreme fluctuations in number of mature individuals? Extent and Occupancy Information Estimated extent of occurrence Actual EO of 4 km² has been changed to the value of the IAO as per COSEWIC convention when EO is ...
Ecological niche of plant pathogens
... and very little knowledge on interactions of pathogens with other organisms than hosts (competition, predatorism or hyperparasitism). Lately, it was recognized that pathogens can be keystone species, which control productivity and main processes in ecosystems, that in equilibrium conditions they act ...
... and very little knowledge on interactions of pathogens with other organisms than hosts (competition, predatorism or hyperparasitism). Lately, it was recognized that pathogens can be keystone species, which control productivity and main processes in ecosystems, that in equilibrium conditions they act ...
Pathogen Spillover in Disease Epidemics
... It has long been known that wild animals and plants can harbor disease agents that may be detrimental to domestic animals and crops. Pathogen movement between wild and domestic animals presents some particularly important examples of spillover (Daszak et al. 2000). A recent study concluded that 77% ...
... It has long been known that wild animals and plants can harbor disease agents that may be detrimental to domestic animals and crops. Pathogen movement between wild and domestic animals presents some particularly important examples of spillover (Daszak et al. 2000). A recent study concluded that 77% ...
this PDF file
... in [15] and adapt them to EcoSim concepts in order to have some historical information about species spatial distribution. These metrics are used to characterize the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of ecological mosaics or categorical maps. This characterization is based on analysis of space-time cu ...
... in [15] and adapt them to EcoSim concepts in order to have some historical information about species spatial distribution. These metrics are used to characterize the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of ecological mosaics or categorical maps. This characterization is based on analysis of space-time cu ...
Functional traits of woody plants: correspondence of species
... frequently used, each with their own advantages and disadvantages, i.e. field sampling, ‘common garden’ studies and laboratory screening. 1. Field sampling. Interspecific trait rankings of (adult) plants in the field have the obvious advantage of not needing extrapolation to natural conditions, but ...
... frequently used, each with their own advantages and disadvantages, i.e. field sampling, ‘common garden’ studies and laboratory screening. 1. Field sampling. Interspecific trait rankings of (adult) plants in the field have the obvious advantage of not needing extrapolation to natural conditions, but ...
Loss of mammalian species from the South American Gran Chaco
... Their decline may cause changes in vegetation composition, since almost 53% of the Chacoan woody plant species display endozoochory as their seed dispersal mechanism. Moreover, 80% of the largest herbivores are threatened, which may also lead to a compositional change in savanna vegetation. 4. There ...
... Their decline may cause changes in vegetation composition, since almost 53% of the Chacoan woody plant species display endozoochory as their seed dispersal mechanism. Moreover, 80% of the largest herbivores are threatened, which may also lead to a compositional change in savanna vegetation. 4. There ...
Grassland root communities: species distributions and how they are
... Abstract. There is little comprehensive information on the distribution of root systems among coexisting species, despite the expected importance of those distributions in determining the composition and diversity of plant communities. This gap in knowledge is particularly acute for grasslands, whic ...
... Abstract. There is little comprehensive information on the distribution of root systems among coexisting species, despite the expected importance of those distributions in determining the composition and diversity of plant communities. This gap in knowledge is particularly acute for grasslands, whic ...
Functional traits, convergent evolution, and periodic tables of niches
... traits strongly implies determinism. Many traits have wellknown functions and vary predictably in relation to environmental features (Segar et al. 2013). Recent research has demonstrated functional trait convergence at the community level for diverse groups, including vascular plants (Sage 2004), be ...
... traits strongly implies determinism. Many traits have wellknown functions and vary predictably in relation to environmental features (Segar et al. 2013). Recent research has demonstrated functional trait convergence at the community level for diverse groups, including vascular plants (Sage 2004), be ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Abstract. A growing body of research on plant–microbe interactions in soil is contributing to the development of a new, microbially based perspective on plant community ecology. Soil-dwelling microorganisms are diverse, and interactions with plants vary with respect to specificity, environmental het ...
... Abstract. A growing body of research on plant–microbe interactions in soil is contributing to the development of a new, microbially based perspective on plant community ecology. Soil-dwelling microorganisms are diverse, and interactions with plants vary with respect to specificity, environmental het ...
The Ecology of Mutualism
... abound, symbiotic mutualisms tend to be coevolved and obligate, while facultative mutualisms are frequently nonsymbiotic and not eoevolved. Usingthese definitions, we start with two observations. On the one hand, an enormous number of ecologically and economically important interactions, found throu ...
... abound, symbiotic mutualisms tend to be coevolved and obligate, while facultative mutualisms are frequently nonsymbiotic and not eoevolved. Usingthese definitions, we start with two observations. On the one hand, an enormous number of ecologically and economically important interactions, found throu ...
The role of interspecific interference competition
... (e.g. weaponry, body size). We define agonistic character displacement (ACD) as the process of phenotypic evolution in a population caused by interference competition with one or more sympatric species and which results in shifts in traits that affect the rate, intensity or outcome of interspecific ...
... (e.g. weaponry, body size). We define agonistic character displacement (ACD) as the process of phenotypic evolution in a population caused by interference competition with one or more sympatric species and which results in shifts in traits that affect the rate, intensity or outcome of interspecific ...
Population Dynamics of Pathogens with Multiple Host Species
... is to develop a framework for examining the population dynamics of pathogens that infect multiple species of hosts. In this article, I review and develop a set of theoretical analyses that directly address a number of key questions in the dynamics of multiple-host single-pathogen systems. In particu ...
... is to develop a framework for examining the population dynamics of pathogens that infect multiple species of hosts. In this article, I review and develop a set of theoretical analyses that directly address a number of key questions in the dynamics of multiple-host single-pathogen systems. In particu ...
Resource Use Patterns Predict Long-Term Outcomes of
... on low-nitrogen soils, while the influence of I ∗ differences was more pronounced on high-nitrogen (low-light) soils. These results were not explained by differences in initial species abundances or neutrality. However, only a few of our paired species coexisted under our experimentally imposed cond ...
... on low-nitrogen soils, while the influence of I ∗ differences was more pronounced on high-nitrogen (low-light) soils. These results were not explained by differences in initial species abundances or neutrality. However, only a few of our paired species coexisted under our experimentally imposed cond ...
Species, trophic, and functional diversity in marine
... Ever since the beginning of conservation biology as a science in the 70s, biodiversity has been considered one of the most important indicators of ecological value and a main target for protection (Chapin et al., 2000). Biodiversity studies are challenged not only by the complexity of natural system ...
... Ever since the beginning of conservation biology as a science in the 70s, biodiversity has been considered one of the most important indicators of ecological value and a main target for protection (Chapin et al., 2000). Biodiversity studies are challenged not only by the complexity of natural system ...
Mr. Babak - Marion County Public Schools
... 4. Gaseous content of the atmosphere (oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc…) 5. Mineral content of the substrata (what is the soil made of) 6. Amount of solar input 7. Radiation from soil/rock, incoming from other sources ** Each of the prior listed abiotic factors varies in the environment and, as such, may ...
... 4. Gaseous content of the atmosphere (oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc…) 5. Mineral content of the substrata (what is the soil made of) 6. Amount of solar input 7. Radiation from soil/rock, incoming from other sources ** Each of the prior listed abiotic factors varies in the environment and, as such, may ...
Multiple diversity–stability mechanisms enhance population and
... for compositional turnover and rare species (Howeth and Leibold 2010, Steiner et al. 2011). In this paper, we illustrate how different mechanisms affect the stability of seminatural experimental pond ecosystems under different environmental and biodiversity contexts. We manipulated zooplankton richn ...
... for compositional turnover and rare species (Howeth and Leibold 2010, Steiner et al. 2011). In this paper, we illustrate how different mechanisms affect the stability of seminatural experimental pond ecosystems under different environmental and biodiversity contexts. We manipulated zooplankton richn ...
INSECTS ON PLANTS: Diversity of Herbivore Assemblages Revisited
... Plant Traits and Local Assemblages Plant size and architecture affect the number of associated herbivore species (Strong et al. 1984). In some local studies, larger plant individuals (Cytrynowicz 1991) or species (Marquis 1991) were shown to support more herbivore species, whereas in other studies, ...
... Plant Traits and Local Assemblages Plant size and architecture affect the number of associated herbivore species (Strong et al. 1984). In some local studies, larger plant individuals (Cytrynowicz 1991) or species (Marquis 1991) were shown to support more herbivore species, whereas in other studies, ...
Biological soil crust and vascular ... sand savanna of northwestern Ohio1
... Heights, Ohio 44118). Biological soil crust and plant communities in a sand savanna of northwestern Ohio. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 130:244-252. 2003.-A survey of biological crust components (bryophytes, lichens, chlorophyta, bacteria), soil fauna (nematodes, collembolans, mites) and vascular plants was c ...
... Heights, Ohio 44118). Biological soil crust and plant communities in a sand savanna of northwestern Ohio. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 130:244-252. 2003.-A survey of biological crust components (bryophytes, lichens, chlorophyta, bacteria), soil fauna (nematodes, collembolans, mites) and vascular plants was c ...
Special Feature - Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
... the paradigm. It has successfully challenged ecology’s central tenet that biodiversity is primarily an epiphenomenon of ecosystem function secondarily structured by community processes. In its most extreme form, it claims that the reverse is true. Of course, neither the central tenet of ecology nor ...
... the paradigm. It has successfully challenged ecology’s central tenet that biodiversity is primarily an epiphenomenon of ecosystem function secondarily structured by community processes. In its most extreme form, it claims that the reverse is true. Of course, neither the central tenet of ecology nor ...
A Meta-analysis of Studies on Plant Growth
... not used. All plants had to be grown either as isolated individuals or in monoculture, and all species within a study had to be grown under identical conditions. Many of the studies presented several comparisons on the same species that could potentially be used for this analysis. For example, a stu ...
... not used. All plants had to be grown either as isolated individuals or in monoculture, and all species within a study had to be grown under identical conditions. Many of the studies presented several comparisons on the same species that could potentially be used for this analysis. For example, a stu ...
for saving species - Threatened Species Recovery Hub
... This is an exciting time, but we have little time to rest on the laurels of all our previous major wins in policy and management. More than ever before there is a need for truly applied research to deliver innovative solutions that will secure and recover Australia’s threatened fauna and flora. And ...
... This is an exciting time, but we have little time to rest on the laurels of all our previous major wins in policy and management. More than ever before there is a need for truly applied research to deliver innovative solutions that will secure and recover Australia’s threatened fauna and flora. And ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.